Historic Habitat Opportunities And Food Web Linkages Of Juvenile Salmon In The Columbia River Estuary And Their Implications For Managing River Flows And Restoring Estuarine Habitat Physical Sciences Component Progress Report
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Historic Habitat Opportunities And Food Web Linkages Of Juvenile Salmon In The Columbia River Estuary And Their Implications For Managing River Flows And Restoring Estuarine Habitat Physical Sciences Component Progress Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Historic Habitat Opportunities And Food Web Linkages Of Juvenile Salmon In The Columbia River Estuary And Their Implications For Managing River Flows And Restoring Estuarine Habitat Physical Sciences Component Progress Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Long-term changes and fluctuations in river flow, water properties, tides, and sediment transport in the Columbia River and its estuary have had a profound effect on Columbia River salmonids and their habitat. Understanding the river-flow, temperature, tidal, and sediment-supply regimes of the Lower Columbia River (LCR) and how they interact with habitat is, therefore, critical to development of system management and restoration strategies. It is also useful to separate management and climate impacts on hydrologic properties and habitat. This contract, part of a larger project led by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), consists of three work elements, one with five tasks. The first work element relates to reconstruction of historic conditions in a broad sense. The second and third elements consist, respectively, of participation in project-wide integration efforts, and reporting. This report focuses on the five tasks within the historic reconstruction work element. It in part satisfies the reporting requirement, and it forms the basis for our participation in the project integration effort. The first task consists of several topics related to historic changes in river stage and tide. Within this task, the chart datum levels of 14 historic bathymetric surveys completed before definition of Columbia River Datum (CRD) were related to CRD, to enable analysis of these surveys by other project scientists. We have also modeled tidal datums and properties (lower low water or LLW, higher high water or HHW, mean water level or MWL, and greater diurnal tidal range or GDTR) as a function of river flow and tidal range at Astoria. These calculations have been carried for 10 year intervals (1940-date) for 21 stations, though most stations have data for only a few time intervals. Longer-term analyses involve the records at Astoria (1925-date) and Vancouver (1902-date). Water levels for any given river flow have decreased substantially (0.3-1.8 m, depending on river flow and tidal range), and tidal ranges have increased considerably (by a factor of 1.5 to 4 for most river-flow levels) since the 1900-1940 period at most stations, with the largest percentage changes occurring at upriver stations. These changes have been caused by a combination of changes in channel roughness, shape and alignment, changes in coastal tides, and (possibly) bed degradation. Tides are growing throughout the Northeast Pacific, and Astoria (Tongue Pt) has one of the most rapid rates of increase in tidal range in the entire Eastern Pacific, about 0.3m per century. More than half of this change appears to result from changes within the system, the rest from larger scale changes in coastal tides. Regression models of HHW have been used to estimate daily shallow water habitat (SWHA) available in a (almost equal to)25 mile long reach of the system from Eagle Cliff to Kalama for 1925-2004 under four different scenarios (the four possible combinations of diked/undiked and observed flow/ virgin flow). More than 70% of the habitat in this reach has been lost (modern conditions vs. virgin flow with not dikes). In contrast, however, to the reach between Skamokawa and Beaver, selective dike removal (instead of a combination of dike removal and flow restoration) would suffice to increase spring SWHA. The second task consists of reconstruction of the hydrologic cycle before 1878, based on historic documents and inversion of tidal data collected before the onset of the historic flow record in 1878. We have a complete list of freshet times and peak flows for 1858-1877, and scattered freshet information for 1841-1857. Based on tidal data, we have reconstructed the annual flow cycles for 1870 and 1871; other time periods between 1854 and 1867 are under analysis. The three remaining tasks relate to post-1878 hydrologic conditions (flows, sediment supply and water temperature), and separation of the human and climate influences thereon. Estimated ob-served (sometimes routed), adjusted (corrected for reservoir manipulation) and virgin (corrected also for irrigation diversion) flows for 1878-2004 have been compiled for the Columbia River at The Dalles and Beaver, and for the Willamette River at Portland. Sediment transports for the ob-served, adjusted and virgin flows have been calculated for 1878-2004 for the Columbia River at Vancouver and Beaver, for the Willamette River at Portland, and for other west-side tributaries seaward of Vancouver. For Vancouver and Portland, it has been possible to estimate sand trans-port (including gravel), fine sediment transport and total load. Only total load can be estimated at Beaver, and only fine sediment transport can be determined for the west-side tributaries, except for the post-1980 period influenced by the 1980 eruption of Mt St. Helens. Changes in flows and sediment transport due to flow regulation, irrigation diversion, and climate have been estimated.
Wetland Habitats Of North America
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Author : Darold P. Batzer
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2012-05-22
Wetland Habitats Of North America written by Darold P. Batzer and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-22 with Nature categories.
“Wetland Habitats of North America is essential reading for everyone who studies, manages, or visits North American wetlands. It fills an important void in the wetland literature, providing accessible and succinct descriptions of all of the continent’s major wetland types.” Arnold van der Valk, Iowa State University “Batzer and Baldwin have compiled the most comprehensive compendium of North American wetland habitats and their ecology that is presently available—a must for wetland scientists and managers.” Irving A. Mendelssohn, Louisiana State University "If you want to gain a broad understanding of the ecology of North America’s diverse wetlands, Wetland Habitats of North America is the book for you. Darold Batzer and Andrew Baldwin have assembled an impressive group of regional wetland scientists who have produced a virtual encyclopedia to the continent’s wetlands. Reading the book is like a road trip across the Americas with guided tours of major wetland types by local experts. Your first stop will be to coastal wetlands with eight chapters covering tidal wetlands along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. Then you’ll travel inland where you can visit any or all of 18 types ranging from bottomland swamps of the Southeast to pothole marshes of the Northern Prairies to montane wetlands of the Rockies to tropical swamps of Central America and desert springs wetlands. All in one book—I’m impressed! Every wetlander should add this book to her or his swampland library. Ralph Tiner, University of Massachusetts–Amherst
Pacific Salmon Life Histories
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Author : Cornelis Groot
language : en
Publisher: UBC Press
Release Date : 1991
Pacific Salmon Life Histories written by Cornelis Groot and has been published by UBC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Nature categories.
Pacific salmon are an important biological and economic resource of countries of the North Pacific rim. They are also a unique group of fish possessing unusually complex life histories. There are seven species of Pacific salmon, five occurring on both the North American and Asian continents (sockeye, pink, chum, chinook, and coho) and two (masu and amago) only in Asia. The life cycle of the Pacific salmon begins in the autumn when the adult female deposits eggs that are fertilized in gravel beds in rivers or lakes. The young emerge from the gravel the following spring and will either migrate immediately to salt water or spend one or more years in a river or lake before migrating. Migrations in the ocean are extensive during the feeding and growing phase, covering thousands of kilometres. After one or more years the maturing adults find their way back to their home river, returning to their ancestral breeding grounds to spawn. They die after spawning and the eggs in the gravel signify a new cycle. Upon this theme Pacific salmon have developed many variations, both between as well as within species. Pacific Salmon Life Histories provides detailed descriptions of the different life phases through which each of the seven species passes. Each chapter is written by a scientist who has spent years studying and observing a particular species of salmon. Some of the topics covered are geographic distribution, transplants, freshwater life, ocean life, development, growth, feeding, diet, migration, and spawning behaviour. The text is richly supplemented by numerous maps, illustrations, colour plates, and tables and there is a detailed general index, as well as a useful geographical index.
The Hudson River Estuary
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Author : Jeffrey S. Levinton
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-01-09
The Hudson River Estuary written by Jeffrey S. Levinton and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-09 with History categories.
The Hudson River Estuary, first published in 2006, is a scientific biography with relevance to similar natural systems.
Wildlife Habitat Relationships In Oregon And Washington
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Author : David H. Johnson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Wildlife Habitat Relationships In Oregon And Washington written by David H. Johnson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Nature categories.
This volume provides information about the terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats of Oregon and Washington and the wildlife that depend upon them; it also supports broader and more consistent conservation planning, management, and research. The 27 chapters identify 593 wildlife species, define some 300 wildlife terms, profile wildlife communities, review introduced and extirpated species and species at risk, and discuss management approaches. The volume includes color and bandw photographs, maps, diagrams, and illustrations; and the accompanying CD-ROM contains additional wildlife data (60,000 records), maps, and seven matrixes that link wildlife species with their respective habitat types. Johnson is a wildlife biologist, engineer, and habitat scientist; and O'Neill is director of the Northwest Habitat Institute; they worked together on this publication project as its managing directors. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
Invasive Species And Human Health
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Author : Giuseppe Mazza
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2018-07-13
Invasive Species And Human Health written by Giuseppe Mazza and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-13 with Nature categories.
Invasive alien plants and animals are known for their disruption of ecosystems and threat to biodiversity. This book highlights their major impact on human health. This includes not only direct effects through contact with the species via bites, wounds and disease, but also indirect effects caused by changes induced in ecosystems by invasive species, such as more water hyacinth increasing mosquito levels and thereby the potential for malaria. Covering a wide range of case studies from different taxa (animals and plants), and giving an overview of the diverse impacts of invasive species on health in developed and developing countries, the book is a significant contribution that will help in prioritizing approaches to controlling invasive species and mitigating their health effects. It covers invasive plants, marine species, spiders and other arachnids, ticks and dust mites, insects, mosquitos and other diptera, freshwater species (invertebrates and fishes), amphibians and reptiles, birds and mammals. The broad spectrum of the analyzed case studies will ensure the appeal of the book to a wide public, including researchers of biological invasions, doctors, policy-makers and managers, and students of invasive species in ecology, animal and plant biology and public health medicine.
Ecological Restoration Of Degraded Aquatic Habitats A Watershed Approach
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Author : Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Gulf Region. Oceans and Science Branch
language : en
Publisher: [Moncton, N.B.] : Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Oceans and Science Branch, Gulf Region
Release Date : 2006
Ecological Restoration Of Degraded Aquatic Habitats A Watershed Approach written by Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Gulf Region. Oceans and Science Branch and has been published by [Moncton, N.B.] : Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Oceans and Science Branch, Gulf Region this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Aquatic ecology categories.
River Conservation Challenges And Opportunities
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Author : Sergi Sabater
language : en
Publisher: Fundacion BBVA
Release Date : 2013
River Conservation Challenges And Opportunities written by Sergi Sabater and has been published by Fundacion BBVA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Stream conservation categories.
Impacts Of Climate Change On Fisheries And Aquaculture
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2019-01-06
Impacts Of Climate Change On Fisheries And Aquaculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This report indicates that climate change will significantly affect the availability and trade of fish products, especially for those countries most dependent on the sector, and calls for effective adaptation and mitigation actions encompassing food production.
Riparian Areas
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2002-10-10
Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-10-10 with Science categories.
The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.