History And The Equity Risk Premium
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The Equity Risk Premium
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Author : Bradford Cornell
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1999-05-26
The Equity Risk Premium written by Bradford Cornell and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-05-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Das Thema Risikoprämie für Aktien (Equity Risk Premium) wird hier zum ersten Mal verständlich erklärt. Die Risikoprämie für Aktien stellt einen Renditeausgleich dar für das erhöhte Risiko, das ein Anleger bei der Investition in Aktien eingeht, im Vergleich zu einer Investition in risikofreie Staatsanleihen. Die Risikoprämie ist zwar von der Theorie her einfach, jedoch in der Praxis ein sehr komplexes Phänomen. Für Finanzentscheidungen ist es von größter Bedeutung, daß man das Prinzip der Risikoprämie versteht und es anwenden kann. Cornell erläutert das Thema Schritt für Schritt sehr anschaulich und ohne terminologischen Ballast. Zunächst wird die Risikoprämie im Zusammenhang mit der Geschichte des Aktienmarktes betrachtet. Der Haussemarkt der 90er dient dabei als Fallstudie. Cornell zeigt, welche Rückschlüsse man durch die Analyse der Risikoprämie im historischen Verlauf für den Aktienmarkt ziehen kann, z.B. ob Aktienkurse steigen oder fallen oder ob sich der Aktienmarkt verändert. Vorausschauende Schätzungen der Risikoprämie werden anhand verschiedener konkurrierender Modelle analysiert, wobei die Vorzüge der jeweiligen Methode mitbewertet werden. 'Equity Risk Premium' ist das erste Buch, das dieses wichtige Prinzip der Risiko-Nutzen-Analyse erschöpfend behandelt. Es vermittelt einen tiefen Einblick und deckt alle Grundlagen ab, damit Investoren fundierte Finanzentscheidungen treffen können. Ein absolutes Muß für institutionelle Anleger, Geldmanager und Finanzvorstände, die auf eine fundierte Marktanalyse zurückgreifen müssen. (06/99)
The Equity Risk Premium
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Author : William N. Goetzmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2006-11-16
The Equity Risk Premium written by William N. Goetzmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-16 with Business & Economics categories.
This book aims to create a strong understanding of the empirical basis for the equity risk premium. Through the research and anaylsis of two scholars who are experts in this field, this volume presents the key issues that are paramount to investors, including whether or not to use historical data as a method of equity investing, and can the equity premium reflect changes in fundamental values and cash flows of the market.
A History Of The Equity Risk Premium And Its Estimation
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Author : Basil Copeland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
A History Of The Equity Risk Premium And Its Estimation written by Basil Copeland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The estimation of the equity (or "market") risk premium has become a cottage industry, both for academics and professionals. It is recognized as a key economic or financial parameter for a variety of interests and applications, yet opinions as to its magnitude either historical or projected vary widely. But not as widely as was once the case. There has been general acceptance, a consensus if you will, that historical equity return premia overstate what was anticipated or expected and that a large component of the historical equity return premium constitutes unanticipated capital gains. This paper explores the history of this idea and examines the role this it plays (or not) in a variety of recent and current methods of estimating the equity risk premium. Using a methodology similar to Fama and French (2002) but presaged in Copeland (1982) I describe the behavior of ex post and ex ante risk premia for the period 1872 to 2013 and estimate the equity risk premium going forward for the next 10 years (2014-2023). I also discuss various issues in the estimation of the equity risk premium, such as geometric versus arithmetic mean, top down versus bottom up forecasts of the equity risk premium, and whether to use dividend yields or P/E multiples in accounting for unanticipated capital gains. I conclude that the arithmetic equity risk premium as usually calculated is significantly overstated and that the current and expected future ERP is in the range of 3-4 percent for both geometric and arithmetic means, though likely in the upper half of this range.
History And The Equity Risk Premium
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Author : Roger G. Ibbotson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
History And The Equity Risk Premium written by Roger G. Ibbotson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
We summarize some of our own past findings and place them in the context of the historical development of the idea of the equity risk premium and its empirical measurement by financial economists. In particular, we focus on how the theory of compensation for investment risk developed in the 20th century in tandem with the empirical analysis of historical investment performance. Finally, we update our study of the historical performance of the New York Stock Exchange over the period 1792 to the present, and include a measure of the U.S. equity risk premium over more than two centuries. This last section is based upon indices constructed from individual stock and dividend data collected over a decade of research at the Yale School of Management, and contributions by other scholars.
The Equity Risk Premium A Contextual Literature Review
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Author : Laurence B. Siegel
language : en
Publisher: CFA Institute Research Foundation
Release Date : 2017-12-08
The Equity Risk Premium A Contextual Literature Review written by Laurence B. Siegel and has been published by CFA Institute Research Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Research into the equity risk premium, often considered the most important number in finance, falls into three broad groupings. First, researchers have measured the margin by which equity total returns have exceeded fixed-income or cash returns over long historical periods and have projected this measure of the equity risk premium into the future. Second, the dividend discount model—or a variant of it, such as an earnings discount model—is used to estimate the future return on an equity index, and the fixed-income or cash yield is then subtracted to arrive at an equity risk premium expectation or forecast. Third, academics have used macroeconomic techniques to estimate what premium investors might rationally require for taking the risk of equities. Current thinking emphasizes the second, or dividend discount, approach and projects an equity risk premium centered on 3½% to 4%.
Handbook Of The Equity Risk Premium
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Author : Rajnish Mehra
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-08-11
Handbook Of The Equity Risk Premium written by Rajnish Mehra and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-11 with Business & Economics categories.
Edited by Rajnish Mehra, this volume focuses on the equity risk premium puzzle, a term coined by Mehra and Prescott in 1985 which encompasses a number of empirical regularities in the prices of capital assets that are at odds with the predictions of standard economic theory.
Revisiting The Equity Risk Premium
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Author : Laurence B. Siegel
language : en
Publisher: CFA Institute Research Foundation
Release Date : 2023-06-06
Revisiting The Equity Risk Premium written by Laurence B. Siegel and has been published by CFA Institute Research Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-06 with Business & Economics categories.
In 2001, Martin Leibowitz organized an Equity Risk Premium (ERP) Forum for CFA Institute, in which the participants discussed issues related to the ERP and made estimates for the future. This forum was repeated by Leibowitz, Brett Hammond, and Laurence Siegel in 2011, setting a precedent for a decennial forum. Siegel organized and moderated the discussion in 2021, and the proceedings from that event make up the current book. The participants in 2021 were (in alphabetical order) Robert Arnott, Clifford Asness, Mary Ida Compton, Elroy Dimson, William Goetzmann, Roger Ibbotson, Antti Ilmanen, Martin Leibowitz, Rajnish Mehra, Thomas Philips, and Jeremy Siegel. Each participant made a presentation, which was then discussed by the whole group. Finally, a roundtable discussion involving all of the participants was moderated by Laurence Siegel. Ibbotson and Dimson discussed historical returns in different countries. Ibbotson focused on the United States, while Dimson took a global industrial-country view. The history goes back almost a century (Ibbotson) or more than a century (Dimson), providing a look at how returns have evolved over a wide variety of conditions. Ibbotson also presented his method for making probabilistic forecasts of returns. Dimson, who is British, showed that “American exceptionalism” is one way to understand the results. Asness looked at the effectiveness of Robert Shiller’s CAPE (cyclically adjusted price-earnings ratio) valuation measure for forecasting. Valuations rose over the period he studied, and a lively discussion was had about why this may have occurred. Arnott focused on the growth rate of dividends, which has been very slow in per-share terms, and argued (with much debate from the other participants) that buybacks are only a partial substitute for dividends. Leibowitz, also looking at valuation as the lodestone of return forecasts, set forth a “growth adjustment” that brought his forecast in line with those made by others. Compton, a consultant to pension plans, discussed the challenges of communicating lower expected returns to clients. She also emphasized that expected returns “don’t always come true,” they’re just someone’s best forecast. Ilmanen broke up the expected return into its component parts: dividends, real growth, inflation, and so forth. Doing this, he said, allows one to debate the estimates for each part and ascertain how accurate each of the estimates is. Philips started by presenting a method for forecasting bond returns. He then turned to equities, for which he compared forecasts with subsequent realizations using a variety of forecast methods. Mehra discussed a number of issues related to the existence of premiums (equity risk, value, small cap, and so forth) and concluded that, although some of these are unstable, the ERP is highly stable. Jeremy Siegel advocated a “back to basics” approach using dividend and earnings yields, dividend and earnings growth rates, payout ratios, and price-to-earnings ratios. He emphasized that earnings can be calculated in a number of different way, and said that accounting practices have become more conservative over the years. Goetzmann concluded the session by reporting that one company, a water mill in France, had almost 600 years of historical return data and that an asset pricing model could be tested using those data. According to this model, the stock price is the present value of expected future dividends and is supported by the evidence. In sum, because of high valuations and low interest rates, the participants expect lower total returns in the future than in the past. A forward-looking ERP of 4% to 5% was the consensus of the group.
The Equity Risk Premium In 2015
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Author : John R. Graham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Equity Risk Premium In 2015 written by John R. Graham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
We analyze the history of the equity risk premium from surveys of U.S. Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) conducted every quarter from June 2000 to March 2015. The risk premium is the expected 10-year S&P 500 return relative to a 10-year U.S. Treasury bond yield. We show that the equity risk premium has increased more than 50 basis points from the levels observed in 2014. The current 10-year risk premium is 4.51%. Similarly, measures of risk such as investor disagreement and perceptions of volatility have increased. Interestingly, the increased premium and risk are not reflected in market-based measures of risk, such as the VIX and credit spreads. We also link our survey results to measures survey-based measures of the weighted average cost of capital and investment hurdle rates. The hurdle rates are significantly higher than the cost of capital implied by the market risk premium.
The Equity Risk Premium
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Author : Fernando Duarte
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Equity Risk Premium written by Fernando Duarte and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The authors estimate the equity risk premium (ERP)--the expected return on stocks in excess of the risk-free rate--by combining information from twenty models for the period 1960-2013. They begin their analysis by categorizing the models into five classes: trailing historical mean, dividend discount, cross-sectional estimation, regression analysis using valuation ratios or macroeconomic variables, and surveys. They find that an optimal weighted average of all models places the one-year-ahead ERP in June 2012 at 12.2 percent, close to levels reached in the mid- and late 1970s, when the ERP was highest in the study sample. The authors note, however, that there is considerable uncertainty in ERP point estimates. The interquartile range across models is 11.6 percent on average, although it reached 6.8 percent in 2012, the lowest level in the study sample. By employing differences across models, the authors argue that the ERP in 2012 is elevated mainly because Treasury yields are low, not because the expected future cash flows from stocks are high.
China S Equity Risk Premium
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Author : Nano Kurzmann
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2010-12
China S Equity Risk Premium written by Nano Kurzmann and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Master's Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3, University of Birmingham (Department of Economics), language: English, abstract: Despite the great fall of the Shanghai Stock exchange since the beginning of the year 2008, Chinese equities have performed unimaginably during their young history of existence. This paper aims to answer the question whether these returns are sustainable. The equity risk premium probably provides the most powerful tool to do so. Thus, several techniques are presented to estimate its magnitude. It turns out that some techniques are less and others more suitable in an environment of an emerging country. This paper accumulates evidence that investors must be prepared to receive a much lower reward for their investments.