Hiv Open Data Project
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Hiv Open Data Project
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Hiv Open Data Project written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Hiv Open Data Project
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Hiv Open Data Project written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Big Data Analytics In Hiv Aids Research
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Author : Al Mazari, Ali
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2018-04-27
Big Data Analytics In Hiv Aids Research written by Al Mazari, Ali and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-27 with Medical categories.
With the advent of new technologies in big data science, the study of medical problems has made significant progress. Connecting medical studies and computational methods is crucial for the advancement of the medical industry. Big Data Analytics in HIV/AIDS Research provides emerging research on the development and implementation of computational techniques in big data analysis for biological and medical practices. While highlighting topics such as deep learning, management software, and molecular modeling, this publication explores the various applications of data analysis in clinical decision making. This book is a vital resource for medical practitioners, nurses, scientists, researchers, and students seeking current research on the connections between data analytics in the field of medicine.
Final Report On Hiv Aids Data And Planning Project For New York State Aids Institute
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Author : Health Systems Agency of Western New York
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Final Report On Hiv Aids Data And Planning Project For New York State Aids Institute written by Health Systems Agency of Western New York and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
Using Hiv Surveillance Data For Public Health Evaluations And Interventions
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Author : Julia Elizabeth Hood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Using Hiv Surveillance Data For Public Health Evaluations And Interventions written by Julia Elizabeth Hood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
In the United States (U.S.), the purpose of HIV surveillance and related data systems is changing. Evolving programmatic priorities and complicated care needs of an aging population has led to greater demand for timely, accurate, and detailed data. My dissertation evaluates three prominent data systems: (1) National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS), (2) Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), and (3) CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS). Identification and management of data limitations were goals underlying each aim. My first aim evaluates the burden of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension in MMP, a nationally representative sample, and CNICS, a clinical cohort. We encountered and addressed the following challenges: selection bias, missing data, non-standardized case definitions, and dissimilar patient populations. After using a standardized analytic approach, MMP and CNICS yielded similar sub-group specific prevalence estimates. Both data sources suggest considerable disease burden among older adults in HIV care. My second aim used NHSS and US census data to project the demographic composition of the U.S. population of people living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH) through 2045. The model developed for this aim projects that the US PLWDH population will continue to grow in absolute size and will increasingly be comprised of racial/ethnic minorities; the number of PLWDH 55 years and older is projected to more than double between 2013 and 2045. My final aim used King County HIV surveillance data to explore the origins of NHSS data and how surveillance data is used for HIV control interventions. We discovered that the number of in-migrants with HIV is increasing concurrently with a decrease in the number of new diagnoses; that 12% of cases reported to CDC as newly diagnosed had evidence of a prior HIV diagnosis; and integration of patient care and HIV control activities improved key program metrics. In conclusion, existing data systems to monitor the U.S. PLWDH population have limitations, some of which can be addressed through statistical adjustment and some can only be resolved through adaptation of the data system's design. As demands on HIV care programs are projected to grow, the programmatic utility of HIV surveillance systems should be enhanced.
Quantification Of Replication Present In Hiv Reports And Effect Of Patient Movement Between Wards On Mrsa Infection
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Author : Wenwen Huo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Quantification Of Replication Present In Hiv Reports And Effect Of Patient Movement Between Wards On Mrsa Infection written by Wenwen Huo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Outbreaks of widely spread infectious diseases, such as Human Immunodefficiency Virus (HIV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Swineflu (H1N1) and hospital acquired infections, such as Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium Diffcile, are serious health problems which have been tackled by the World Health Organization and international health protection agencies. Various statistical analyses have contributed a remarkable effect on providing scientific evidence on which to base political decisions and infection control strategies. In this project, we focused on two infectious diseases: HIV and MRSA and the research project is divided into two separate parts. One is the quantification of replication in HIV anonymous test reports and the other is the effect of patient movement between wards on the acquisition of MRSA. The first research project is concerned with the analysis of an anonymous HIV test dataset. The data is collected as a set of birthdays and it is possible that there is repeated sampling of the same person. The aim is to quantify the amount of replication in the HIV data using a maximum likelihood technique and then give the confidence intervals for the estimated amount of replication using the bootstrap method. The data were provided by the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS), Colindale, London in 1994, who were interested in a statistical method to estimate multiple counting that possibly existed in the database. The data consists of individual records of the number of AIDS cases diagnosed, with birthdates from 1901 to 1973. There were two datasets provided by the PHLS, one of which contained 1,134 records and was provided in 1991. The other dataset was provided in 1994 with the sample size 17,137. An estimate of the true number of distinct individuals as well as the percentage of replication was obtained by programming the maximum likelihood calculation in the languages R and C. This technique is based upon evaluation of the probability that two records with the same birthdate represent two separate individuals as opposed to the same person reported twice. The results for the 1991 dataset showed that there were five out of sixteen birth years (i.e. 31.25% of the observed records in the 1991 dataset) with replication in the true number of distinct individuals. In the results of the 1994 dataset, the majority of the birth years (57/73) recorded the correct number of distinct individuals in the observations. The 95% confidence intervals for the estimated amount of replication were calculated by applying a parametric bootstrap method. The results show that the birth years in the 1991 dataset with non-zero estimated amount of replication (the birth years of 1931, 1934, 1935, 1943 and 1944) have comparatively wide 95% bootstrap confidence intervals, which implies higher uncertainty of the true amount of replication. A similar conclusion was obtained from the results of 95% bootstrap con dence intervals for the 1994 dataset. Comparing the results within the same birth years recorded in the 1991 dataset and the 1994 dataset, the data indicate that the confidence intervals for the 1994 dataset are mainly narrower than the corresponding ones in the 1991 dataset. The conclusion of this study illustrates the drawback of recording the HIV patients only with date of birth, which has now been improved by combining with 'Soundex' codes for the surname and gender. The second part of the project aims to estimate the impact of patient movement within a hospital on the risk of MRSA acquisition by using data from the MRSA screening admission and discharge studies in Scotland which took place in two hospitals in 2010. The data consist of an admission-only database (7,181 patients), a discharge-only database (2,432 patients) and a combined admission-discharge cohort (2,792 patients). The third database has complete information on MRSA status on admission, on discharge, as well as data on the wards the patient was in while in hospital. In order to understand the effect of potential risk factors on MRSA acquisition, a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to analyse the effects of the number of wards a patient was in on MRSA acquisition as well as other risk factors. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the individual area under the curve (AUC) was also calculated for indicating the reliability and the accuracy of the prediction of the models. Furthermore, we modelled the dynamic patient movement and assessed the effect of being in a ward with MRSA by imputing the unknown date of transfer, simulating the missing length of stay (along with the simulation envelope). The timelines of MRSA infection and carriage pressure in each ward of the two hospitals were then mapped for all patients in the three databases, imputing where necessary. Patient movement was measured as a volume indicator in terms of the frequency of ward to ward transfer and as cohabiting in the same ward. By using logistic regression within a bootstrap simulation, we estimated the odds ratio of acquisition of MRSA association with being in a ward with MRSA present, which was given by averaging the estimated effects from the fitted models, and generating the 95% confidence intervals. The results indicate that the number of wards that patients had moved through and patients being in a ward with MRSA present do not affect the risk of acquiring MRSA significantly over and above the patient level risk factors such as age and the presence of open wounds or catheters. Some further work which can be done in an MRSA screening programme is suggested as an implementation study.
Federal Register
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-10
Federal Register written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10 with Delegated legislation categories.
Ontology Based Data Integration Of Open Source Electronic Medical Record And Electronic Data Capture Systems
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Author : Alicia F. Guidry
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Ontology Based Data Integration Of Open Source Electronic Medical Record And Electronic Data Capture Systems written by Alicia F. Guidry and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
In low-resource settings, the prioritization of clinical care funding is often determined by immediate health priorities. As a result, investment directed towards the development of standards for clinical data representation and exchange are rare and accordingly, data management systems are often redundant. Open-source systems such as OpenMRS and OpenClinica provide an opportunity to leverage available systems to improve standards and increase interoperability. Nevertheless, continuity of care and data sharing between these systems remains a challenge, particularly in populations with changing health needs, and inconsistent access to health resources. The overarching goal of this project is to enable sharing of data across low cost systems like OpenMRS and OpenClinica using ontologies. The project consists of three aims: 1) describing clinical research and visit data related to the treatment and care of HIV/AIDS patients, 2) developing a prototype data integration system between electronic medical record and electronic data capture systems, and 3) evaluating the utility of the prototype system using simulated and real-world data. In the first aim, I developed a patient identifier and a HIV/AIDS treatment and care ontology to represent the types of data and information created and used by clinicians. This was achieved by gathering data forms used in HIV/AIDS clinics in low-resource settings. From these forms, the patient identifier and HIV/AIDS variables were extracted and used to create the ontologies. In aim 2, the ontologies from aim 1, along with simulated data, were used to develop a prototype data integration system that improves the ability of developers to implement integration systems that meet the needs of users, based on previously created use cases. In the third aim, I evaluated whether the matching algorithm used in the prototype can correctly identify matching patients, and whether the prototype is generalizable to clinical care and research data collected in a real world setting. This work contributes two ontologies to the medical and public health fields that are useful in providing standardization of data elements. Additionally, I provide a prototype data integration system that is useful in facilitating access to previously siloed data and helps reduce the burden of integrating future systems.
Public Health Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Public Health Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Public health categories.
Evaluating Aids Prevention Programs
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1991-02-01
Evaluating Aids Prevention Programs written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-02-01 with Medical categories.
With insightful discussion of program evaluation and the efforts of the Centers for Disease Control, this book presents a set of clear-cut recommendations to help ensure that the substantial resources devoted to the fight against AIDS will be used most effectively. This expanded edition of Evaluating AIDS Prevention Programs covers evaluation strategies and outcome measurements, including a realistic review of the factors that make evaluation of AIDS programs particularly difficult. Randomized field experiments are examined, focusing on the use of alternative treatments rather than placebo controls. The book also reviews nonexperimental techniques, including a critical examination of evaluation methods that are observational rather than experimentalâ€"a necessity when randomized experiments are infeasible.