Hybrid Switched Capacitor Power Converter Techniques
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Hybrid Switched Capacitor Power Converter Techniques
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Author : Nathan Miles Ellis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Hybrid Switched Capacitor Power Converter Techniques written by Nathan Miles Ellis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Power conversion is a necessity in almost all modern electric systems and machines: energy must be regulated and delivered in the intended manner if a system is to perform well, or at all. Power converters, the electronic circuits used to control this energy flow, have been a subject of intense study and rapid development in recent years and are widely acknowledged to be a fundamental enabler for modern day human societal capabilities. Many market sectors have strongly advocated for further development of energy conversion systems with improved efficiency and power density as these traits often directly dictate practical viability. While advancements in semiconductor device physics have yielded improved parts for use inconverter solutions, it is becoming apparent that there is additional massive potential and merit in revisiting fundamental converter topologies and circuit techniques. To date, power converters that use capacitors as their primary energy transfer elements (termed "switchedcapacitor" power converters) are far less ubiquitous than their switched-inductor counterparts, and seemingly for good reason: characteristics such as poor output regulation and intrinsic transient inrush currents that lead to inefficiency have largely prevented switched-capacitor topologies from gaining practical consideration in general power converter markets. Solutions to these negative attributes are strongly desired as capacitors can offer energy densities up to three orders of magnitude greater than inductors, with these energy transfer elements typically consuming the majority of a power converter's weight/volume. Recent work has demonstrated significant potential for hybrid switched-capacitor-inductor converter techniques: here, small inductive element(s) are used to eliminate the conventional drawbacks of a converter which is predominantly capacitor based. The hybridized approach helps unlock the full potential of capacitor-based converters and has been demonstrated to offer compelling results at the cost of added complexity. This work offers an exploration into a collection of state-of-the-art power converter techniques and topological methods, primarily within the field of hybridized switched-capacitor-inductor converters. The first two chapters give a background on fundamental considerations such as conventional loss mechanisms and the slow-switching-limit (SSL), as well as several established loss mitigation techniques. An integrated converter system and its associated functional blocks is then discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, exemplifying a hybridized two-stage converter and illustrating the implementation of several loss mitigation methods and practical circuit techniques. Next, several hybridized variations of the Dickson topology are discussed: this family of DC-DC converters is well suited for non-isolated large voltage conversion ratios. A number of these variants are proposed here for the first time, illustrating significant potential for further converter development. The steady-state bias points, resonant switching frequency, duty cycle and voltage ripple as a function of load are calculated for several example converters, including the non-trivial case of a converter undergoing split-phase operation and whose operating points exhibit a strong load dependence. To facilitate comparative analysis between topologies, a mathematical method is presented that characterizes the total energy density utilization of fly capacitors throughout a converter, accounting for large voltage ripple and iii highly nonlinear reverse-bias transitions. This analysis assists with optimal topology selection as energy density utilization directly dictates the required capacitor volume at a specified power level and switching frequency. An expanded family of fly capacitor networks is then introduced in Chapter 6; here it is shown that there are a large number of unexplored yet practical fly capacitor configurations that are eligible for use in hybridized converters. It is calculated that a 6-7 % reduction in capacitor volume can be achieved relative to conventional Dickson fly capacitor networks, while preserving the desirable characteristic of equal voltage ripple on its branches. N-phase and split-phase switching methods and their respective trade-offs are then discussed in detail, offering control techniques that allow a departure from conventional two-phase operation while retaining high-efficiency zero-voltage and zero-current switching (ZVS/ZCS) conditions. A Cockcroft-Walton prototype demonstrates both methods implemented on the same piece of hardware, significantly improving the efficiency range with respect to load and resulting in a state-of-the-art power density of 483.3 kW/liter (7, 920W/inch3). Next, a method termed "resonant charge redistribution" (RCR) is proposed that greatly reduces output capacitance (C[subscript OSS]) related switching losses in all switches of a complex switched-capacitor network. Despite little effort being put towards optimization, a prototype using RCR measures a 61 % reduction in total losses at light load for a near negligible 0.74 % increase in total solution volume. Lastly, resonant gate drive techniques are discussed. Here, within a proposed resonant gate-driver topology, a capacitive decoupling technique is demonstrated that allows power to be delivered to a "flying" high-side N-channel device which commutes between two variable voltages. The implemented prototype achieves up to a 72 % reduction in gating loss when switching over 20 MHz and with rise/fall times ≤ 7 ns. Combining several of the novel techniques described herein can result in near complete mitigation of all primary switching loss mechanisms observed throughout the complex structure of a switched-capacitor converter network. This relatively new field of hybridized converter design has already yielded converters with record-breaking performance, as is demonstrated here. With contemporary techniques, including those described in this work, the field of power electronics is on the cusp of seeing widespread dramatic improvements in energy handling capability, power density, specific power and efficiency at reduced cost, with huge potential for growth and improved energy consumption in both developed and emerging markets.
Topologies Modeling And Control Of Hybrid Switched Capacitor Converters
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Author : Ratul Das
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Topologies Modeling And Control Of Hybrid Switched Capacitor Converters written by Ratul Das and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
This dissertation explored the ideas and concepts for hybrid switched capacitor converter topologies and new power delivery architectures to provide viable solutions for high conversion ratio DC-DC and AC-DC applications. A new Multi Inductor Hybrid (MIH) Converter family for high conversion ratio DC-DC applications has been synthesized and analyzed to provide non-isolated DC-DC conversions with large voltage conversion ratios efficiently. The highlight of this converter family is a 6-level 6-phase 6-inductor MPMIH converter, which achieved 90.7% peak efficiency with a load range of 0-220A at 1V and 1kA/in3 density. A new modeling method reveals that all odd-level Flying Capacitor Multi-Level converters become current sources with non-ideal timing while the even-level converters stay as voltage sources. A method for identifying unbalanced hybrid converters is also provided. This dissertation demonstrates a two-stage power delivery architecture to bridge AC distribution voltages to core levels for computing loads in data centers. In combination, direct conversion from ~110 VAC to 1VDC achieves a peak efficiency of 84.1% while providing output currents up to 160A. Partial power processing for AC/DC applications has been explored with a switched-capacitor (SC) based hybrid step-down converter and its new control techniques. The operation with multiple modules is verified with a 115VAC-to-48VDC conversion and 200VAC input to two 48VDC outputs. A new modular isolated DC-DC converter is proposed and demonstrated for point-pf-load (POL) applications with partial power processing. A prototype of the modular architecture has been demonstrated for a 100V-to-3V point-of-load conversion with a maximum load of 60A. The peak efficiency of 91% is achieved at 57W/20A output. A new multi-inductor multi-output hybrid converter is also proposed and demonstrated. The MiMoH converter prototype has been implemented to demonstrate conversion from a 24-48V input voltage to three individually regulated outputs ranging from 1.2V to 2.2V. The converter prototype achieves 40W peak power and 91.8% peak efficiency. The topologies presented in this dissertation, corroborated with control and modeling techniques, demonstrated superior performance, natural balancing ability, and relatively easy controllability, making them excellent candidates for more compact and efficient system design.
Reconfigurable Switched Capacitor Power Converters
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Author : Dongsheng Ma
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-07-25
Reconfigurable Switched Capacitor Power Converters written by Dongsheng Ma and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides readers specializing in ultra-low power supply design for self-powered applications an invaluable reference on reconfigurable switched capacitor power converters. Readers will benefit from a comprehensive introduction to the design of robust power supplies for energy harvesting and self-power applications, focusing on the use of reconfigurable switched capacitor based DC-DC converters, which is ideal for such applications. Coverage includes all aspects of switched capacitor power supply designs, from fundamentals, to reconfigurable power stages, and sophisticated controller designs.
The Art Of Voltage Boosting Part I
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Author : Bin Wu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Art Of Voltage Boosting Part I written by Bin Wu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Voltage boosting is required in many energy conversion applications, ranging from front-end solar energy system to Medium-Voltage DC (MVDC)-grid system, and from headlamp ballast of automobile to fuel cell powered system. This dissertation is dedicated to the development of voltage boosting technology. New circuits were found both in switched capacitor converters and inductor-based power converters. The former has the potential of full integration while the latter has combined the merits of conventional magnetic components and switched capacitor stages, leading to a new hybrid converter category. These contributions are captured in two major parts respectively: The first part discusses the switched capacitor converters and new discovery in voltage boosting technology as well as modeling technique. The second part introduces a number of new topologies and extensions in hybrid boosting converters.Part I.Switched Capacitor Converter (SCC) is a special branch of power electronics converters which is composed of capacitors and switches without the participation of inductors/transformers. It potentially has lower electromagnetic interference (EMI), lighter weight, lower cost, higher energy density, and the promise for full integration.In this part, a family of "Two-switch Boosting Switched-capacitor Converters (TBSC)" is introduced, which distinguishes itself from the prior arts by its symmetrical interleaved operation, reduced output ripple, low yet even voltage stress on components, and systematic expandability. Along with the topologies, a modeling technique based on charge-balance transient-calculation is formulated, which provokes the converter regulation method through duty cycle and frequency adjustment. The design guideline for high efficient TBSC is provided and regulation under high power condition is explored.In addition, an enhanced accurate modeling technique considering the output capacitor effect is developed for simple two-phase SC converters.Part II.Built upon the momentum of the "Two-switch Boosting Switched-capacitor Converters (TBSC)" circuit structure, another family of Hybrid Boosting Converters (HBC) is developed, featuring wide regulation range, symmetrical configuration, low component voltage stress, small output voltage ripple, and expandable structure. It integrates the inductive switching cores of various functionalities and control strategies with Bipolar Voltage Multiplier (BVM), resulting in the new breed of hybrid converters: Hybrid Boosting Converters (HBC). The proposed HBC family includes the basic HBC, symmetrical HBC, Isolated HBC, and tapped inductor HBC, all of which are analyzed in details and design considerations are provided.In addition, the 3D DC-DC converter concept for high power application, inverter configuration and DC micro-grid based on HBC converters are developed.The proposed HBCs are applicable in many areas such HID lamp driver, X-ray system, ion pumps, front-end photovoltaic energy system, and energy storage systems.
Merged Multi Stage Power Conversion
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Merged Multi Stage Power Conversion written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Emerging applications of power electronics introduce challenging design requirements. Increasing the system complexity in appropriate ways can bring many advantages, yielding reduced system volume and/or improved system performance. This thesis explores new circuit design techniques that can leverage the advantages of merged multi-stage power conversion through a hybrid switched-capacitor/magnetics approach. Multiple circuits and system aspects of this approach are investigated in this thesis. A 70 W grid-interfaced solar micro-inverter with a multilevel energy buffer and voltage modulator (MEB) is developed to demonstrate the advantages of a merged multi-stage system in dc-ac applications. By synthesizing a multilevel voltage in pace with the ac grid voltage using the energy buffer, the wide operation range of the inverter stage is compressed, leading to a significantly improved overall system performance. A high-power-density wide-input-voltage-range isolated dc-dc converter with a Multi- Track power conversion architecture is also investigated. The MultiTrack architecture delivers power in multiple voltage domains and current tracks. It incorporates multiple distributed circuit cells, and benefits from the way they are merged together. By changing the use of multiple cells according to the system operating condition, the overall device utilization of the system is enhanced, leading to significantly improved power density as compared to conventional designs while maintaining high efficiency. The prototype 18 V-80 V input, 5 V output, 75 W isolated dc-dc converter achieves 453.7 W/inch3 power density, which is 3x higher than the best commercial product presently available. It maintains high efficiency across a wide (>4:1) input voltage range, and has a peak efficiency of 91.3%. Advanced magnetics structures are an enabling technique on the path to improved power conversion. This thesis developed a systematic approach to modeling impedances and current distribution in planar magnetics. It captures electromagnetic coupling relationships using an analytical lumped circuit model, and enables rapid evaluation of planar magnetics designs. The effectiveness of the model is verified by numerical methods and experimental measurements. A software package - M2Spice - that can rapidly convert design information into SPICE netlists has been developed and is being utilized in many real designs.
Emerging Power Converters For Renewable Energy And Electric Vehicles
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Author : Md Rabiul Islam
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-04-22
Emerging Power Converters For Renewable Energy And Electric Vehicles written by Md Rabiul Islam and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book covers advancements of power electronic converters and their control techniques for grid integration of large-scale renewable energy sources and electrical vehicles. Major emphasis are on transformer-less direct grid integration, bidirectional power transfer, compensation of grid power quality issues, DC system protection and grounding, interaction in mixed AC/DC system, AC and DC system stability, magnetic design for high-frequency high power density systems with advanced soft magnetic materials, modelling and simulation of mixed AC/DC system, switching strategies for enhanced efficiency, and protection and reliability for sustainable grid integration. This book is an invaluable resource for professionals active in the field of renewable energy and power conversion.
Hybrid Dc Dc Converters For Smart Integrated Power Delivery
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Author : Casey Hardy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Hybrid Dc Dc Converters For Smart Integrated Power Delivery written by Casey Hardy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
The continual increase in performance and feature densities of small form factor mobile products has driven the need for high-capacity batteries and thus battery charger solutions with higher power-delivery densities to meet the demand for reduced charging times. The USB- C power delivery specification was developed to meet these higher demands by providing a programmable VBUS voltage range of 5-20 V with up to 100 W of power delivery, which serves as the input voltage (VIN) for the battery charger. A DC-DC converter that efficiently takes advantage of this wide VIN range while providing an output voltage (VO) range suitable for battery charging (e.g. 2.8V-4.2V) is challenging but highly desirable for space constrained products. Hybrid converters provide a path to meet these challenges by leveraging the benefits of both switched-capacitor (SC) and switched-inductor (SI) techniques to reduce inductor size and efficiently provide high VIN/VO voltage conversion ratios (VCRs). The former is important since inductors have substantially lower energy storage densities compared to modern capacitor technologies. Therefore, inductors tend to be the largest occupiers of board space and bill-of-material cost out of all the converter passives. Additionally, die-level or package-level integration of high quality inductors can be challenging when compared to capacitors. This work intends to address these challenges by introducing new hybrid converter topologies that reduce the energy processing required by the inductor while still achieving the VCRs needed to take advantage of the benefits offered by higher VIN charging. This reduces the reliance on large, high quality inductors to maintain high power efficiency. The first part of this dissertation provides background regarding charge-based converter analysis. The next part presents a flying inductor hybrid topology that relocates the inductor from the high output current location to lower input current location while providing multiple outputs for 1-cell and 2-cell charging. The last part presents a single inductor multi-stage hybrid converter that utilizes an inductor to couple two SC stages to provide soft-charging benefits to each stage while leveraging reconfiguration to efficiently provide a wide range of VCRs.
Analysis And Design Of Hybrid Divided Power Converters
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Author : Timothy Gerard McRae
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Analysis And Design Of Hybrid Divided Power Converters written by Timothy Gerard McRae and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
In this thesis, we report a design methodology for the combination of switched-capacitor (SC) and conventional inductive switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) into new power converters, so-called Hybrid Divided-Power (HDP) converters. These converters present an opportunity to reduce volume while also increasing power processing efficiency by utilizing the increased power density of SC converters and parallelizing power processing to reduce both passive volume and switch blocking voltage. The thesis places these converters in the emerging field of hybrid power converters, a class of converters which combine SC converters and conventional inductive converters. The main results include a switched capacitor converter design methodology based on efficiency and ripple requirements and the principle of operation and design of HDP converters. Two novel converters based on the stacked HDP configuration for LED driving applications are shown. The design of a third novel converter based on the differential HDP configuration is also shown. This differential HDP converter is a multiple output LED driver for mobile applications. A current balancing technique based on charge matching is developed for the converter. Practical experimental results from these novel topologies confirm reduction in passive volume around 70% compared to conventional topologies while also increasing efficiency over the whole range. In particular light-load efficiency is improved up to 20%. The efficacy of the charge matching control presented in this thesis is confirmed through simulation results, achieving matching within 2% over the operating range. This work indicates that HDP converters are a promising new class of converters to investigate.
A Novel Control Mechanism For Hybrid 5 Level Dc Dc Converter For Higher Switching Frequency And Lower Voltage Ripple
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Author : Mohamed Samir Mazloum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
A Novel Control Mechanism For Hybrid 5 Level Dc Dc Converter For Higher Switching Frequency And Lower Voltage Ripple written by Mohamed Samir Mazloum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with DC-to-DC converters categories.
Abstract: The introduction and development of hybrid DC-DC converters present a valuable opportunity in on-chip power management, as they combine the advantages of buck and switched-capacitor converters while alleviating shortcomings such as conversion efficiency and sizing requirements. In this paper, a new control methodology is presented for the recently developed 5-level hybrid DC-DC converter, which utilizes the Virtex 5 LX50T FPGA to drive the converter. This control method allows for a higher switching frequency of 1MHz and an improved conversion efficiency while also allowing for dynamic voltage control based on the desired output voltage. Simulations as well as a test circuit are used to illustrate the proper control functionality, with tabulated results that showcase the efficiency advantage over prior control methods as well as the buck and 3-level hybrid converters.
Power Management Integrated Circuits
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Author : Mona M. Hella
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-19
Power Management Integrated Circuits written by Mona M. Hella and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Power Management Integrated Circuits and Technologies delivers a modern treatise on mixed-signal integrated circuit design for power management. Comprised of chapters authored by leading researchers from industry and academia, this definitive text: Describes circuit- and architectural-level innovations that meet advanced power and speed capabilities Explores hybrid inductive-capacitive converters for wide-range dynamic voltage scaling Presents innovative control techniques for single inductor dual output (SIDO) and single inductor multiple output (SIMO) converters Discusses cutting-edge design techniques including switching converters for analog/RF loads Compares the use of GaAs pHEMTs to CMOS devices for efficient high-frequency switching converters Thus, Power Management Integrated Circuits and Technologies provides comprehensive, state-of-the-art coverage of this exciting and emerging field of engineering.