Identification Of Genetic Susceptibility Factors To Osteoporosis In The Irish Population
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Identification Of Genetic Susceptibility Factors To Osteoporosis In The Irish Population
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Author : Freda Maria Wynne
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Identification Of Genetic Susceptibility Factors To Osteoporosis In The Irish Population written by Freda Maria Wynne and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Osteoporosis categories.
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased susceptibility to fractures. There is strong evidence to suggest that the procurement and preservation of peak bone mineral density is genetically determined. Peak bone density is achieved by the third decade of life after which bone is maintained by a careful balance between bone resorption and bone formation. Bone loss occurs with ageing when bone resorption occurs at a greater rate than bone formation. Heritability accounts for up to 90% of the variability in BMD. A two stranded approach was taken to identify genetic factors responsible for susceptibility to low BMD: population-based association studies using candidate genes and a sib-pair linkage study investigating candidate loci in the genome for linkage to a low BMD phenotype. Population-based association studies involved polymorphisms in the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene, type 1 collagen alpha 1 (COLIAI) Sp1 binding site and vitamin D receptor (VDR) start codon. Following a systematic screening of the regulatory and coding regions of the OPG gene, we identified a novel G1181C polymorphism in exon 1 and a T950C polymorphism in the promoter region of the OPG gene were identified. 381 postmenopausal women aged 61.26+/-8.50 (mean+/-SD) and 130 premenopausal women aged 46.30+/6.50 (mean+/-SD) were analysed. It was found that postmenopausal women carrying one or more C alleles of the G1181C polymorphism had 14.8% lower BMD (p=0.05) at the lumbar spine (LS) and 14.4% lower BMD (p=0.04) at the femoral neck (FN). However, both were non-significant when the Bonferroni correction factor (0.01 significance level) was applied to correct for multiple hypothesis testing. No association was found between alleles of the OPG T950C, the VDR FokI or COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism and BMD in either postmenopausal or premenopausal women in this population. The second stage in mapping susceptibility genes to low BMD involved a sib-pair linkage study to investigate the role of seventeen microsatellite markers at five chromosomal loci, in 175 families of probands with primary low BMD (T-score
Bone Health And Osteoporosis
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Author : United States Public Health Service
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004-12
Bone Health And Osteoporosis written by United States Public Health Service and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12 with Health & Fitness categories.
This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.
Nutritional Aspects Of Bone Health
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Author : Susan A Lanham-New
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2007-10-31
Nutritional Aspects Of Bone Health written by Susan A Lanham-New and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-31 with Medical categories.
Nutritional Aspects of Bone Health provides an in-depth review of the role of diet in the development and maintenance of bone health throughout the lifecycle, and prevention of osteoporosis in later life. The book is multi-authored by the world's leading researchers in this area, who have come together to formulate the first ever textbook on nutritional aspects of bone health, and includes the current and cutting edge science underpinning the prevention of bone disease. The book is structured such that, in the first section, an overview is provided on what is meant by the terms bone health and osteoporosis and includes key areas such as epidemiology, genetics and the impact of non-nutritional exogenous factors influencing the skeleton. The second section details the established nutritional factors affecting bone health, namely calcium and vitamin D. Section three focuses on the role of macronutrients and macrominerals in bone health, namely protein, phosphorus, sodium and potassium, including the criticality of acid-base homeostasis to skeletal integrity. Section four addresses the effects of microminerals, trace elements, vitamin K, vitamin A and isoflavones on bone. Section five focuses attention on key issues connected with the influence of diet and anorexia and bulimia on bone health including nutrition and bone growth; nutrient: gene interactions; nutrient: drug interactions; and the final section discusses the effect of diet on reduction of fracture risk; the cost-effectiveness of nutritional supplements; and nutritional strategies for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The book is targeted at a number of key audiences. Whilst there is a focus on the academic research world and those principally involved in education, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, the book will also be of considerable interest to those participating in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, namely those working in the medical and health promotion fields. Furthermore, Nutritional Aspects of Bone Health will be of particular interest to the food industry as the popularity of foods designed to target specific health issues increases, and nutritional therapy has a critical role to play in this major public health problem.
Diet And Health
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1989-01-01
Diet And Health written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-01-01 with Medical categories.
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Index To Theses With Abstracts Accepted For Higher Degrees By The Universities Of Great Britain And Ireland And The Council For National Academic Awards
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Index To Theses With Abstracts Accepted For Higher Degrees By The Universities Of Great Britain And Ireland And The Council For National Academic Awards written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Critical Perspectives On Racial And Ethnic Differences In Health In Late Life
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2004-10-16
Critical Perspectives On Racial And Ethnic Differences In Health In Late Life written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-10-16 with Social Science categories.
In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
Concepts Of Epidemiology
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Author : Raj S. Bhopal
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
Concepts Of Epidemiology written by Raj S. Bhopal and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical categories.
First edition published in 2002. Second edition published in 2008.
Osteoporosis
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Author : Gavin Clunie
language : en
Publisher: Oxford Rheumatology Library
Release Date : 2014
Osteoporosis written by Gavin Clunie and has been published by Oxford Rheumatology Library this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Medical categories.
This work on osteoporosis serves as a concise guide covering all aspects of the condition, including its causes, diagnosis and current up-to-date therapies. It also includes specific sections covering osteoporosis in certain at-risk patient groups.
Osteoporosis In Older Persons
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Author : Gustavo Duque
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-10-13
Osteoporosis In Older Persons written by Gustavo Duque and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-13 with Medical categories.
The book summarizes recent advances in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in senile osteoporosis as well as its potential treatment, bringing an integrated approach from the bench to the clinical practice. A unique aspect of this book is its emphasis on the application of translational research in the field of osteoporosis and falls. The book provides a complete review on the prevention as well as current and future treatments of osteoporosis.
Genomics And Clinical Medicine
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Author : Dhavendra Kumar
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2008-02-15
Genomics And Clinical Medicine written by Dhavendra Kumar and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-15 with Medical categories.
An important milestone in medicine has been the recent completion of the Human Genome Project. The identification of 30,000 genes and their regulatory proteins provides the framework for understanding the metabolic basis of disease. This advance has also laid the foundation for a broad range of genomic tools that have opened the way for targeted genetic testing in a number of medical disorders. This book is designed to be the first major text to discuss genomics-based advances in disease susceptibility, diagnosis, prognostication,and prediction of treatment outcomes in various areas of medicine. After building a strong underpinning in the basic concepts of genomics, the authors of this book, all leaders in the field, proceed to discuss a wide range of clinical areas and the applications now afforded by genomic analysis.