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Identifying The Urban Poor In Brazil

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Identifying The Urban Poor In Brazil

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Author : James F. Hicks
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983

Identifying The Urban Poor In Brazil written by James F. Hicks and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Social Science categories.

This paper investigates the degree to which the use of a single urban poverty threshold in Brazil leads to biased project identification, design, and evaluation. Analysis of the causes of proverty is beyond its scope. Absolute poverty lines are defined through the use of estimates of expenditures for mimimum cost, nutritionally adequate diets and food shares of total expenditures by families with incomes roughly equivalent to the Bank's relative poverty standard of three minimum salaries. The main findings are: (i) interpretation of data expressed in minimum salary units presents several difficulties; (ii) relative prices of each element of the food basket were not stable, but of a staple portion of five items were stable; (iii) the average per capita cost of the food basket was highest in the poorer regions; (iv) converting the national poverty line expressed in cruzeiros to minimum salaries expressed in regional values would decrease the risks of bias in urban project design and appraisal; and (v) the methodology presented could be reproduced in other middle-income countries.

Poverty And Shared Prosperity In Brazil S Metropolitan Regions

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Author : Weltbankgruppe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Poverty And Shared Prosperity In Brazil S Metropolitan Regions written by Weltbankgruppe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

In the 20th Century, Brazil rapidly urbanized and is now not only an urban nation but a metropolitan one. Brazils sprawling regioes metropolitanas (metropolitan regions, or RMs, which are municipal clusters) are now home to almost 50 million people and much of the countrys economic vitality. The RM spatial level and its supporting governmental institutions have thus become critical to Brazils future development. While challenges remain for tackling deprivation in rural areas, poverty in Brazil is now predominantly urban. More than six in 10 Brazilians in extreme poverty were living in urban settings as of 2012. Of these, over a fourth was concentrated in the 10 largest RMs.

Poverty And Politics

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Author : June Edith Hahner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986

Poverty And Politics written by June Edith Hahner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Political Science categories.

Access To Water Sanitation And Public Health Services Among Urban Poor In Maceio Brazil

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Author : Shannyn Snyder
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2010-02

Access To Water Sanitation And Public Health Services Among Urban Poor In Maceio Brazil written by Shannyn Snyder and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02 with Science categories.

Access to water, sanitation, and public health services is a key indicator of quality of life, and these resources are greatly limited for the urban poor in Maceio, Brazil. Maceio, the capital of Alagoas state, is an environment rich in natural resources and culture. A sharp rise in population, new construction, and globalized business have made a marked impact on the city, since its founding in 1815. Despite development, the urban poor struggle to advance, unable to afford the new standards of modern living, including finding the means of accumulating income, the challenges of retaining good health, and seeking quality access to basic needs. Never designed for its current population, Maceio's original infrastructure is limited, and its ability to provide services to the entire community is severely strained. This field study, based on field research in 2008 and 2009, examines the type of access impoverished citizens have to resources in urban areas of Maceio looking at three critical resources: water, sanitation and healthcare. The thesis investigates whether lack of access to clean water, sanitation, and efficient health care led to population vulnerabilities to, in particular, waterborne and hygiene-related diseases, and what level of care was available to those affected by disease Using data gathering, primarily through interviews and participant observation, I was able to determine the proximal access to resources and services to the poor, and through these indicators, make connections between that access and the occurrence of disease in the population. Although the study is meant to be anthropological rather than epidemiological, this observation of the "diseases of poverty" interprets various diseases as both widespread in the studied population, and a product of social inequality. The imbalance of access uncovered during my fieldwork illuminates the growing concern in public health that unnecessary suffering and premature death, typically among the poor, still exists in modern Brazil. Inequality among those who greatly need services is rampant, yet the developing nation concentrates its expenditures on alternate priorities.

Attacking Brazil S Poverty

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Author : Weltbank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Attacking Brazil S Poverty written by Weltbank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

The first central message of this report is that Brazil has over the last years achieved great progress in its social policies and indicators. The second central message is that poverty remains unacceptably high for a country with Brazil's average income levels. The worst remaining income poverty is mostly concentrated in the Northeast region, and in the smaller urban and rural areas. The third central message is that, with decisive action, Brazil can achieve ambitious targets for further improvements in social indicators, including the objective of reducing the rate of extreme income poverty by 50 percent by the year 2015. Poverty is a complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon. Recognizing the rich literature on poverty in Brazil, this report attempts a few specific contributions. First, it presents a new 1996 poverty profile with a breakdown by city size, incorporation of the imputed value of owned housing, and regional price deflators. Second, it provides analysis of the incidence of selected public social spending based on the 1996/7 "Pesquisa sobre Padroes da Vida (PPV)." Third, it selectively synthesizes other work on poverty in Brazil in order to present an overview of cross-sectoral comparisons of the effectiveness of policy interventions. Fourth, it provides suggestions and selective inputs for devloping a national poverty reduction strategy. The report updates a previous World Bank assessment (report no. 14323) and builds on earlier work on urban poverty strategy.

Opportunities And Deprivation In The Urban South

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Author : Eduardo Cesar Leão Marques
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-05-13

Opportunities And Deprivation In The Urban South written by Eduardo Cesar Leão Marques and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-13 with Social Science categories.

Contending that everyday sociability and social networks are central elements to an understanding of urban poverty, Opportunities and Deprivation in the Urban South draws on detailed research conducted in São Paulo in an examination of the social networks of individuals who identify as poor. The book uses a multi-methods approach not only to test the importance of networks, but also to disentangle the effects of networks and segregation and to specify the relational and spatial mechanisms associated with the production of poverty. It thus explores the different types of network that exist amongst the metropolitan poor, the conditions that shape and influence them, their consequences for the production of poverty and the mechanisms through which networks influence daily living conditions. A rigorous examination of poverty in a contemporary megacity, Opportunities and Deprivation in the Urban South will appeal to sociologists, political scientists and geographers with interests in urban studies, poverty and segregation and social networks.