Imaging Volcanic Systems Using The Ambient Seismic Field
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Imaging Volcanic Systems Using The Ambient Seismic Field
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Author : Kevin Joseph Seats
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Imaging Volcanic Systems Using The Ambient Seismic Field written by Kevin Joseph Seats and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
With recent scientific advances, and bettering of computers, seismic imaging has taken monumental steps forward. Cross-correlating ambient seismic noise, for instance, is now capable of providing as much, if not more, reliable information about the subsurface than traditional tomographic imaging, which required large, easily observable signals to measure seismic wavespeeds through regions of interest. This traditional technique typically suffers from an inherent bias in places that can be imaged (due to local seismicity), and places that cannot be imaged (due to a lack of seismicity). In this thesis, I advance the processing used to extract coherent energy, and therefore information, from the ambient seismic field, rather than known large signals. Doing this provides a novel way to image a region of the crust without waiting for large signals. In bettering this methodology, I seek to provide more stable Noise Correlation Functions (NCFs) than had ever been obtained before, using as little seismic data as possible. I then use this advancement to seismically image two volcanic settings: the Yellowstone Volcanic Field, and the Sierra Negra shield volcano in the Galapagos Islands. Through this three-dimensional ambient noise tomography, I provide highresolution images of the subsurface structure at these regions. Then, to further improve depth resolution of my imaging at Yellowstone, I jointly invert the ambient noise tomographic results with teleseismic receiver function analysis. Finally, due to the temporal stability of the NCFs, I analyze and observe time-lapsed ambient noise tomographic images at Yellowstone.
Back Projection Imaging Of Volcanic And Hydrothermal Seismicity Using The Ambient Seismic Field
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Author : Cynthia Logan Kelly
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Back Projection Imaging Of Volcanic And Hydrothermal Seismicity Using The Ambient Seismic Field written by Cynthia Logan Kelly and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Seismic signals generated by volcano-tectonic and hydrothermal processes typically have low signal-to-noise ratios (snrs) that make it difficult to locate their subsurface sources using established seismic imaging methods (e.g., phase-picking, waveform or spectral template-matching). High-amplitude bursts easily identifiable on otherwise "noisy" seismograms from these systems (i.e., eruptions) can be suitable for traditional seismic imaging, but these events tend to occur infrequently relative to the duration of a systems total eruption cycle. Studies that utilize only these types of observations are therefore inherently limited to analyses of individual eruptions or high-magnitude seismic events and offer less insight into subsurface processes that occur as a system builds up to and recovers from an eruption. Improving our understanding of significantly more common inter-eruption periods is critical to (1) answer fundamental geologic questions about volcano-tectonic and geyser system processes, (2) make accurate assessments of volcanic and geothermal hazards, and (3) improve our understanding of how magmatic and geothermal reservoirs evolve. Fortunately, the apparent "noise" recorded by seismic stations in volcanic and hydrothermal systems in reality represents a compilation of many overlapping, low-magnitude pressure perturbations at depth. These "micro-events" have also been shown to be directly linked to fluid (magma or brine) and volatile movement in the subsurface. The low snr signals these events generate therefore likely contain valuable information about subsurface processes that occur between volcanic and geyser eruptions. In this thesis I present a new computationally efficient back-projection imaging technique to comprehensively study temporal and spatial variations in extended, diffuse, low-magnitude volcanic and hydrothermal seismicity using low snr seismic array data. I use observations of coherent seismic energy arriving at pairs of receivers in the array to back-project low snr seismic signals to their most likely subsurface source locations. Applying this technique to active volcanic and geothermal systems can help to provide new insights into the fundamental physical processes that occur before, during and after potentially hazardous eruptions.
Seismic Ambient Noise
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Author : Nori Nakata
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-03-21
Seismic Ambient Noise written by Nori Nakata and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-21 with Nature categories.
A comprehensive overview of seismic ambient noise, covering observations, physical origins, modelling, processing methods and applications in imaging and monitoring.
Encyclopedia Of Earthquake Engineering
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Author : Michael Beer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-01-30
Encyclopedia Of Earthquake Engineering written by Michael Beer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering is designed to be the authoritative and comprehensive reference covering all major aspects of the science of earthquake engineering, specifically focusing on the interaction between earthquakes and infrastructure. The encyclopedia comprises approximately 300 contributions. Since earthquake engineering deals with the interaction between earthquake disturbances and the built infrastructure, the emphasis is on basic design processes important to both non-specialists and engineers so that readers become suitably well informed without needing to deal with the details of specialist understanding. The encyclopedia’s content provides technically-inclined and informed readers about the ways in which earthquakes can affect our infrastructure and how engineers would go about designing against, mitigating and remediating these effects. The coverage ranges from buildings, foundations, underground construction, lifelines and bridges, roads, embankments and slopes. The encyclopedia also aims to provide cross-disciplinary and cross-domain information to domain-experts. This is the first single reference encyclopedia of this breadth and scope that brings together the science, engineering and technological aspects of earthquakes and structures.
Insar Imaging Of Aleutian Volcanoes
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Author : Zhong Lu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-03-31
Insar Imaging Of Aleutian Volcanoes written by Zhong Lu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-31 with Science categories.
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a relatively new remote sensing tool that is capable of measuring ground-surface deformation with centimeter-to-subcentimeter precision at a spatial resolution of tens of meters over an area of hundreds to thousands of square kilometers. With its global coverage and all-weather imaging capability, InSAR has become an increasingly important technique for studying volcanoes in remote regions such as the Aleutian Islands. The spatial distribution of surface deformation data derived from InSAR images enables the construction of detailed mechanical models to enhance the study of magmatic processes. InSAR Imaging of Aleutian Volcanoes: • Provides a theoretical framework for InSAR observations and capabilities • Discusses state-of-the-art InSAR analysis techniques • Describes the structure, eruptive history, and magma composition of volcanoes along the entire Aleutian arc • Presents conceptual models for the magma plumbing systems of Aleutian volcanoes based on InSAR results combined with geophysical, geological and geochemical observations. • Synthesizes observations of deformation along the Aleutian arc and compares those results to other active arcs around the world. • Is illustrated throughout with high-resolution color satellite radar images
Multi Component Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography Of The Auckland Volcanic Field
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Author : Josiah Ensing
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Multi Component Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography Of The Auckland Volcanic Field written by Josiah Ensing and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Geodynamics categories.
Auckland, New Zealand's most populous region (1.6 million), is situated over an active volcanic field of at least 53 volcanoes. The mechanism driving volcanism in the Auckland Volcanic Field is not well understood. We aim to increase knowledge of the structure of the crust across the Auckland Volcanic Field through multicomponent ambient noise tomography. We hope this will contribute toward understanding possible structural controls on volcanism. We first estimated the orientation of borehole seismometers by polarization analysis of estimates of the Rayleigh wave Green's function, retrieved from ambient noise cross-correlation. Knowing the orientations, we then computed multi-component estimates of Rayleigh wave Green's functions. We performed frequency-time analysis on the Green's functions to extract Rayleigh wave dispersion information. We then used Rayleigh wave group arrival times to perform a reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion for Rayleigh wave speed maps. We took dispersion curves from the Rayleigh wave speed maps, and performed a damped inversion of each dispersion curve for a 60-layer 1D shear speed model. Lastly, we then stitched the 1D models together, creating a pseudo-3D shear speed model. The 3D model is a considerable improvement compared to previous tomographic models, being more robust and having improved resolution. The model best resolved the upper-most crust but has also been able to resolve some features as deep as 25 km. One of the main features in the model is a NNW-SSE boundary slightly east of the Junction Magnetic Anomaly and the volcanic centres of the AVF. This boundary more clearly defines an eastern high speed region and a western low speed region in the upper 5 km divided. We interpret the high speed region as the Waipapa Terrane, and the low speed region as the Murihiku Terrane. Deeper we see a reversal, with a high speed region west of the boundary and a low speed region in the east. We interpret the high speed region to be the continuation of the Dun Mountain-Maitai Terrane, and the low speed region in the east an effect of metamorphic weakening of lower parts of the Waipapa Terrane. We identify a long low speed zone along the NNW-SSE boundary, and other features indicating possible connections to faults and the Takapuna gravity anomaly.
Encyclopedia Of Solid Earth Geophysics
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Author : Harsh Gupta
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-29
Encyclopedia Of Solid Earth Geophysics written by Harsh Gupta and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-29 with Science categories.
The past few decades have witnessed the growth of the Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the planet that we live on. This development addresses the challenging endeavor to enrich human lives with the bounties of Nature as well as to preserve the planet for the generations to come. Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations. The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics was published in 1989 by Van Nostrand Reinhold publishing company. More than two decades later, this new volume, edited by Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, represents a thoroughly revised and expanded reference work. It brings together more than 200 articles covering established and new concepts of Geophysics across the various sub-disciplines such as Gravity, Geodesy, Geomagnetism, Seismology, Seismics, Deep Earth Processes, Plate Tectonics, Thermal Domains, Computational Methods, etc. in a systematic and consistent format and standard. It is an authoritative and current reference source with extraordinary width of scope. It draws its unique strength from the expert contributions of editors and authors across the globe. It is designed to serve as a valuable and cherished source of information for current and future generations of professionals.
Volcanic Eruptions And Their Repose Unrest Precursors And Timing
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-07-24
Volcanic Eruptions And Their Repose Unrest Precursors And Timing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-24 with Science categories.
Volcanic eruptions are common, with more than 50 volcanic eruptions in the United States alone in the past 31 years. These eruptions can have devastating economic and social consequences, even at great distances from the volcano. Fortunately many eruptions are preceded by unrest that can be detected using ground, airborne, and spaceborne instruments. Data from these instruments, combined with basic understanding of how volcanoes work, form the basis for forecasting eruptionsâ€"where, when, how big, how long, and the consequences. Accurate forecasts of the likelihood and magnitude of an eruption in a specified timeframe are rooted in a scientific understanding of the processes that govern the storage, ascent, and eruption of magma. Yet our understanding of volcanic systems is incomplete and biased by the limited number of volcanoes and eruption styles observed with advanced instrumentation. Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing identifies key science questions, research and observation priorities, and approaches for building a volcano science community capable of tackling them. This report presents goals for making major advances in volcano science.
The Seismic Wavefield Volume 1 Introduction And Theoretical Development
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Author : B. L. N. Kennett
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2001-11-12
The Seismic Wavefield Volume 1 Introduction And Theoretical Development written by B. L. N. Kennett and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-11-12 with Science categories.
The Seismic Wavefield provides a guide to the understanding of seismograms in terms of physical propagation processes within the Earth. The focus is on the observation of earthquakes and man-made sources on all scales, for both body waves and surface waves. Volume I begins with a survey of the structure of the Earth and the nature of seismic wave propagation using examples of observed seismograms. The second part provides a full development of the theoretical background for seismic waves. Volume II (to be published later) will cover local and regional seismic events, global wave propagation, and the three-dimensional earth.
Forecasting And Planning For Volcanic Hazards Risks And Disasters
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Author : Paolo Papale
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-09-29
Forecasting And Planning For Volcanic Hazards Risks And Disasters written by Paolo Papale and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-29 with Science categories.
Forecasting and Planning for Volcanic Hazards, Risks, and Disasters expands and complements the subject and themes in Volcanic Hazards, Risks and Disasters. Together, the two volumes represent an exhaustive compendium on volcanic hazards, risks, and disasters. Volume two presents a comprehensive picture of the volcano dynamics relevant for volcanic hazard forecasts. It also includes case studies of the associated risks and aspects like operational volcano observatory responses, communication before and across volcanic crises, emergency planning, social science aspects, and resilience from volcanic disasters. Forecasting and Planning for Volcanic Hazards, Risks, and Disasters takes a geoscientific approach to the topic while integrating the social and economic issues related to volcanoes and volcanic hazards and disasters. Features the expertise of top volcanologists, seismologists, geologists, and geophysicists Presents the latest research - including case studies of prominent volcanoes and volcanic hazards and disasters - on causality, economic and social impacts, and preparedness and mitigation Includes numerous tables, maps, diagrams, illustrations, and photographs to aid in grasping key concept