Immunity And Immunopathogenesis To Herpesviruses

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Immunity And Immunopathogenesis To Herpesviruses

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Author : Susmit Suvas
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-01-20

Immunity And Immunopathogenesis To Herpesviruses written by Susmit Suvas and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-20 with categories.

Herpesviruses are a large group of double-stranded DNA viruses, which have evolved strategies to persist and disseminate widely throughout the human population. Unlike RNA viruses which have the ability to alter their antigenic expression profile to evade host immune responses, herpesviruses can establish life-long latency in the infected host. Herpesviruses are divided into alpha, beta and gamma herpesviruses sub-families. The human members of the alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily is comprised of herpes simplex virus-1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). These viruses are considered neurotropic, as they can (i) infect nerve endings; (ii) traffic via neuronal axons and (iii) establish latency in neuronal nuclei. On the other hand, the members of the beta-herpesvirinae subfamily such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7) are known to establish latent infections in immune cell types such as monocytes and T cells. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a member of gamma-herpesvirinae subfamily that establishes latency in B lymphocytes. Additionally, HHV-8 also known as Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpes virus (KSHV) is a γ-herpes virus which establishes latency in monocytes, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes and endothelial cells of the host.

Herpesviruses And Immunity

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Author : Peter G. Medveczky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-04-11

Herpesviruses And Immunity written by Peter G. Medveczky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-11 with Science categories.

Although virology and immunology are now considered separate disciplines, history shows that these areas ofinvestigation always overlapped and one cannot really exist without the other. This trend has become particularly significant and fruitful in the past few years in the area of herpesvirus research. The genomes of the most important herpesviruses have been sequenced, a significant portion of their genes have been identified, and many secrets of regulation of gene expr- sion have been unraveled. Now this progress sets the stage for a true revolution in herpesvirus research: analysis of interactions between the host and the virus. Because herpesviruses can induce, suppress, and fool the immune system, the most productive herpesvirologists are also expert immunologists, and the current results ofthis interdisciplinary effort are truly remarkable. Because herpesviruses cause many important human diseases, the devel- ment of vaccines against these agents is a very significant goal. This effort is also very challenging because of the complexity of herpesviruses and the lack of sufficient information about immune responses. The remarkable ability of herpesviruses to escape immune responses is - other feature that brings immunology and virology together. Herpesviruses - code many proteins that interact with and down-regulate some key elements of the immune system. Thisproperty of herpesviruses represents amajor challenge in developing strategies against these viruses. On the positive side, these viral proteins also provide novel tools for analyzing specific immune reactions and molecular mechanisms.

Herpesviruses The Immune System And Aids

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Author : Yechiel Becker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Herpesviruses The Immune System And Aids written by Yechiel Becker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Herpes Simplex Virus

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Author : Barry T. Rouse
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Herpes Simplex Virus written by Barry T. Rouse and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Although upstaged by the tragic appearance of the human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex viruses (HSV) types 1 and 2 continue to be major human pathogens against which we lack acceptable vaccines or other means of immunological control. The virus is large and complex, coding for 70 or more proteins. Although many mysteries remain to be unraveled, our knowledge base regarding genomic organization, gene expression and regulation, pathogenesis, and immune recog nition of component parts is quite considerable. Indeed, meet ings devoted entirely to herpesviruses are conspicuous by their frequency and excellent, yet sometimes exclusive, attendance. The purpose of this volume is to compile in a single book a series of reviews by leading investigators that deal with various aspects of virus-host interactions and which hopefully will pro vide clues as to how to best manage HSV from an immunobio logical perspective. Ultimately, one anticipates that a full under standing of virus-host interaction will lead to strategies useful for the prevention and control of HSV. The state of current progress with conventional vaccines is presented, as is a chapter on intracellular immunization. This latter novel approach to virus infections comes at approximately the bicentenary of Jenner's introduction of a successful conventional immunization strategy.

The Interplay Between Innate Immunity And Herpesviruses

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Author : Santo Landolfo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-12-03

The Interplay Between Innate Immunity And Herpesviruses written by Santo Landolfo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-03 with Medical categories.

Varicella Zoster Virus

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Author : Ann M. Arvin
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2023-11-03

Varicella Zoster Virus written by Ann M. Arvin and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-03 with Medical categories.

This edited volume provides insights about the molecular virology, pathoenesis of infection and host responses to varicella-zoster virus, which is a medically important human herpesvirus. The chapters not only discuss genetics and molecular evolution of the virus, but also new structure-based knowledge on the functions of viral glycoproteins. Further, the authors illustrate how mechanisms from the virus are used to take over and remodel host cells during pathogeneis. These mechanisms also enable viral modulation of host cells and evasion of the host immune response. Part of these evasion and survival strategies, is the reaction to triggered host cell responses like autophagy, the stress response, modulation of apoptosis and other cell death pathways. This hands-on knowledge is crucial for students and clinicians in Virology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases. Chapter "Common features between stroke following varicella in children and stroke following herpes zoster in adults" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via Springerlink.com.

Immunity To And Prevention Of Herpes Zoster

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Author : A.A. Gershon
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Immunity To And Prevention Of Herpes Zoster written by A.A. Gershon and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Under sponsorship of the National Institutes of Health of Japan, an international conference entitled "Immunity and Prevention of Herpes Zoster" was held in 1 Osaka, Japan, March 8-10, 1999. Attendees included basic and clinical investi gators from Asia, Europe, and North America. The meeting was organized to explore progress made in basic virology and molecular understanding of varicella zoster (VZV), and to provide information on current knowledge of latency of VZV in humans. Updates on the immunology responses of humans to VZV, and a description of the current status of varicella vaccine worldwide were also included. In addition, the possibility of prevent ing zoster in people latently infected with wild-type VZV by immunizing them with varicella vaccine was presented. The papers in this volume include written summaries of most of the presentations given at that conference. Coincidentally but appropriately, the conference marked the twenty-fifth or "silver anniversary" of the first publication of the development and use of live varicella vaccine to prevent varicella, by Takahashi and his colleagues. Because varicella vaccine is the first herpesvirus vaccine licensed in use for humans, it is of special interest to all individuals who studied these pathogens. In view of the interest in developing vaccines against other herpes viruses, there was also a presentation on the current status of vaccines against cytomegaloviruses (CMV) at the conference.

Immunity To Herpesvirus Infections Of Domestic Animals

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Author : P. P. Pastoret
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985

Immunity To Herpesvirus Infections Of Domestic Animals written by P. P. Pastoret and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Domestic animals categories.

Cellular Immune Responses In Hsv And Cmv Infections

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Author : Rekha Singh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003

Cellular Immune Responses In Hsv And Cmv Infections written by Rekha Singh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are the prominent members of the Herpesviridae family collectively responsible for the majority of herpes-related morbidity and mortality in humans. These viruses are therefore the subjects of this study that was undertaken to improve our understanding of the nature of immune response and the mechanism of viral modulation leading to suppression of viral replication or evasion of the host immune response in vivo. The present study has examined the T helper responses to HSV-2 and murine CMV (MCMV) and provides new insights into the nature and the modulation of the T helper responses by these viruses in vivo. B7-1/B7-2 costimulation of T cells by antigen-presenting cells is essential for T cell activation by antigen. HSV-2 infection affects the expression of both B7-1 and B7-2 on monocytes, the key antigen presenting cells in vivo, potentially in two ways with opposing outcomes. It abrogates or diminishes the IFN-gamma-upregulation of B7-1 (in 8 out of 9 patients) and B7-2 (in 6 out of 9 patients) on monocytes. However, the infection also augments the expression of B7-1 and B7-2 on monocytes through an IFN-gamma-independent mechanism (in 9 out of 9 patients). Although the clinical significance of these opposing effects is presently unclear, these may be related to the immunological mechanism or strategy leading to recurrent disease in immunocompetent hosts. Like HSV-2, infections with MCMV in mice also led to a predominant Thl type immune response characterized by high levels of IFN-gamma and low IL-4 production. Studies with specific MCMV mutants, containing Tn3 transposon in the open reading frame of M25, M27, M43, or m09 gene, led to the identification of M43 gene that specifically suppresses IL-4 response. The Tn3 disruption of M43, but not M25, M27 or m09, gene of MCMV led to a strong IL-4 response (p = 0.0002) despite the presence of a dominant IFN-gamma response. These results provide insight into the possible role of a herpesvirus gene that can profoundly modulate the nature of T helper response in vivo. The presence of a homologous genetic element in other herpesvirus genomes may explain the dominant Th1 immune response triggered by HSV-2 and possibly other herpesviruses. The obvious importance of this finding, beyond herpesvirus immunopathogenesis, lies in the ability of M43 and homologous genes to globally modulate the nature of cytokine response in vivo and suppress Th2 cytokine-mediated diseases. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Immunobiology Of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

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Author : Rouse
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1984-02-14

Immunobiology Of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection written by Rouse and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984-02-14 with Health & Fitness categories.