Impact Of Government On Growth And Trade
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Impact Of Government On Growth And Trade
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Author : Anne O. Krueger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Impact Of Government On Growth And Trade written by Anne O. Krueger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Economic development categories.
In this paper we attempt to test the development economist's perceptions of the negative contributions of governmental activities, as well as the positive contributions of other activities, to growth. This paper provides evidence on the importance of government behavior for economic growth and, in so doing, attempts to start building a bridge between the development economics literature and the new growth theory. The focal point is the recognition that governments do more than spend and tax in manners that maximize social welfare functions: they influence incentives and regulate in ways that affect private behavior, and their spending, even on infrastructure, is not always optimal.
Government Size And Implications For Economic Growth
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Author : Andreas Bergh
language : en
Publisher: AEI Press
Release Date : 2010-07-16
Government Size And Implications For Economic Growth written by Andreas Bergh and has been published by AEI Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-16 with Business & Economics categories.
Government Size and Economic Growth concludes that, in every case, economic freedom is a crucial determinant of economic growth_suggesting that government intervention in the marketplace may be the wrong approach to solving the economic crisis.
The Causes Of Government And The Consequences For Growth And Well Being
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Author : Simon Commander
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
The Causes Of Government And The Consequences For Growth And Well Being written by Simon Commander and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
June 1997 A range of factors drive size of government: relative prices, the age-dependency ratio, how long a country has been independent, relative political freedom, and openness in trade. Larger governments tend to limit growth, but that tendency can be offset by well-functioning institutions and high-quality bureaucracy. Size of government is not the only issue that matters. Using a large cross-country data set, Commander, Davoodi, and Lee examine the factors that cause governments to grow and analyze how the size of government affects growth, whether measured as income growth or other measures of well-being, such as infant mortality and life expectancy. They find no robust link between government size and per capita income. The factors they find to be important in explaining government size are relative prices, the age-dependency ratio, how long a country has been independent, relative political freedom, and openness in trade. Their results also partially support the view that governments use consumption to buffer external risk, especially in low-income countries. As for how government size affects growth, they find a robust and significant negative relationship between growth and government size, as measured by consumption. Policy distortions, predictably, also have a negative effect on growth. But the positive effects of well-functioning institutions and high quality in government bureaucracies can offset the negative influence of large government size alone. Finally, they find that social-sector spending can exert a positive influence by reducing infant mortality and raising life expectancy. Better income distribution, higher per capita income, higher per capita income growth, and more political freedom have the same positive effect on those two measures of well-being. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Senior Vice President, Development Economics and Chief Economist, and New Products and Outreach Division, Economic Development Institute - was prepared as a background paper for World Development Report 1997 on the role of the state in a changing world.
Measuring Services Trade Liberalization And Its Impact On Economic Growth
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Author : Aaditya Mattoo
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Measuring Services Trade Liberalization And Its Impact On Economic Growth written by Aaditya Mattoo and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Desarrollo economico categories.
Countries that fully liberalize their telecommunications and financial services sectors may be able to expect economic growth rates up to 1.5 percentage point higher than rates in other countries.
Government Policy And Program Impacts On Technology Development Transfer And Commercialization
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Author : Kimball Marshall
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-02-01
Government Policy And Program Impacts On Technology Development Transfer And Commercialization written by Kimball Marshall and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.
In recent decades, government-funded technologies have produced radar, microwave ovens, modern cell phone systems, the Internet, new materials for aircraft and motor vehicles, and new medical instrumentation. This first-of-its-kind book examines how access to technology is affected by government policies and government-sponsored programs. Government Policy and Program Impacts on Technology Development, Transfer, and Commercialization: International Perspectives provides an easy-to-read overview of the field and several studies serving as examples to guide government policymakers and private sector decision makers. This forward-looking book also forecasts the potential impacts of government regulation upon the field and presents provocative discussions of the ethical implications of the cross-cultural and cross-national challenges facing technologically developed nations in the global economy. This book reviews this broad field by first providing an overview of the goals of government technology policies and programs as well as of generic types of government technology programs. Next, it presents carefully selected studies that illustrate the potential impacts of government decisions upon marketing constraints, industry acceptance of regulatory requirements, economic development, gross domestic product, and the choices firms make when it comes to location, competitiveness, product development, and other factors. The final chapters explore ethical considerations from a global perspective. These chapters also explore the implications of these considerations in relation to the success of governmental and private sector technology transfer and commercialization programs. The macromarketing perspective taken by the contributors serves to ground the impacts of government technology policies and programs in practical implications for economic development, business productivity, and quality of life. The contributors to this unique collection share their expertise on government sponsorship of technology research, the impact of government regulation upon technology marketing and economic development, the effects of government policies on business practices, intellectual property rights, and much more. Government Policy and Program Impacts on Technology Development, Transfer, and Commercialization shows how evolving technology and government policy changes have affected: the commercialization of musicnew media, piracy problems, consumer choices and costs, and changes in the radio and concert promotion industries the adoption of new household technology licensure requirements for telemedicinewith an essential overview of telemedicine plus examinations of relevant governmental regulations and potential applications patents, copyrights, trademarks, licensing, and proprietary information scrap tire disposalnew alternatives for a chronic waste disposal problem food product development state-owned enterpriseswith a case study illustrating how a stagnant state-owned company quickly evolved into China’s leading firm in the textile machinery field
The Rise Of China And India
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Author : A. Santos-Paulino
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-10-13
The Rise Of China And India written by A. Santos-Paulino and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-13 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume is a timely addition to the emerging literature on the rise of China and India, focusing on how rapid economic growth and geopolitical changes in these countries are reshaping the world economy and global governance. It covers issues such as productivity, labor market, trade competition, and energy.
Development Growth Economic Impacts Of Globalization
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Author : Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya
language : en
Publisher: IJOPEC Publication
Release Date : 2017-04-14
Development Growth Economic Impacts Of Globalization written by Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya and has been published by IJOPEC Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The growth paradigm or the economic growth generally been presented as a positive, limitless and good for social problems. The term was hardly touched in pre-capitalism by any academic research. With the rise of capitalism and industrial revolution it became an important tool to measure production quantitatively and qualitatively. Industrialisation also encouraged the expansion of trade and gradual breakdown of the pre-capitalist order in 18th century in Britain. The spread of market had facilitated the specialisation, encouraging division of labour. Whilst for The Classical Political Economists; Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus; economic growth is self-reinforcing. Marx pointed out importance of forces and relations of production and significance of social classes within it (Marx, 1863). Smith, Ricardo and Malthus were writing at a time when capitalist development was expanding fast and growth was a central in the process. The gradual impact of the West on the rest of world became part of a wider process of change in the World Economy. European capital increased its domination of the world trade through expansionist commercial policies (Wallerstein, 1979). The economic growth encouraged commerce. The necessity to export, and other technological changes formed part of the reason for the decline of feudalism. This transition from feudalism to capitalism began in the West and soon made an impact on the rest of the World. T Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya (Development & Growth: Economic Impacts of Globalization) 12 In 1932 Simon Kuznets, the US economist identified Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to measure the national output of a country within a period. It has continued to be an important indicator to measure economic growth, but it has also been under considerable criticisms. For example; GDP treats resources as income without excluding depletion or depression of the resources. Moreover, GDP has been criticised for disregarding income distribution. Despite all the criticism, GDP has been the most significant indicator of growth and development. With the Post War-II reconstruction of devastated countries and in order to kick-start the World Economy, the state in both developed and developing counties became the important agency to facilitate economic growth. The establishment of the Bretton Woods institutions, the Keynesian model of government intervention and the US implementation of “New Deal” facilitated growth. This was deliberate strategy to reconstruct and create networks of international cooperation. This was pointed out by President Truman in 1949: A program of development based on the concepts of democratic fair-dealing. All countries, including our own, will greatly benefit from a constructive program for the better use of the World's human and natural resources (Truman, 1949). This meant the reinforcement and need to distribute the 'Benefits' of capitalist form of development, more widely, against the planned economy sustained by the Soviet Union. The economist such as Joseph Schumpeter pointed to the possibility that capitalist growth, if it is sustained, could abolish poverty (Schumpeter, 1954, pp66-68). Whilst development meant rapid industrialisation, GDP became a key policy objective for the policy makers and governments around the world, not just in the Soviet Union but the Western Capitalist World, to set targets for their Growth Rate. The end of the Cold War in the 1980s, for some, meant triumph of Neoliberal Capitalism. The others talked of trade liberalization; free movement of capital and the development of information technology, facilitating the relocation of businesses across the world. (Ohmae, 1995). Friedman suggested that globalization is the Inevitable; Integration of markets, nation-states and technologies ... enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states, to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before (Friedman, 1999). Development & Growth: Economic Impact of Globalization (Edited by: Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya) 13 Francis Fukuyama (1992) suggested the new era as ‘The End of History’ through which the ‘Liberal Idea’ triumphed, leading to a new global hegemony. For Fukuyama the only route to modernity, growth and development is the Neo-liberal Democratic path under Global Capitalism. This optimism was not shared by all academics, as Globalization produced poor growth and polarization of wealth: what Collier terms the ‘Bottom one Billion’ (2008). As a result, there has been major criticism of the World Bank and the International Monetary Funds in the second half of the 1990s, especially with the Asian financial and economic crises. The response from these institutions has been vigorous. They continued to believe that liberalization, deregulation, and privatization represent the best way forward for growth and development. With 2008 world recession the World Economy has faced a new challenge. The emergence of powerful economies such as; China, India and Brazil; helped the world economy to grow, at least for now. However, the unevenness of the world economy continues to cause difficulties especially the US as they feeling the threat of their competitors such as China, Germany and even India. The victory of Donald Trump as the S President has represented an ideological shift from free trade advocator of global capitalism to a mixture of right-wing populism. Before and after the presidential election, he called for the revival of the American economy, which has been under considerable pressure since 2008 World Recession. In order to prove growth rate Trump has a huge challenge ahead, not least to deal with the competition from South East Asian economies, especially China. It remains to be seen whether the new US administration will continue with their populist rhetoric In this book, “Economic Impacts of Globalization: Growth & Development”, several academicians provide different analysis of economic growth and economic development. The scientific ethics and responsibility of the works in the book belong to the authors / writers. The book compromises of 15 chapters focusing on economic growth and economic development in the era of globalisation. By taking different angles, they demonstrate different problems and solutions.
Trade Agreements
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Author : James K. Jackson
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-08
Trade Agreements written by James K. Jackson and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Contents: (1) Background; (2) An Overview of the Major Agreements: Multilateral Agreements; Regional Trade Agreements; Completed Bilateral Trade Agreements; Signed Bilateral Trade Agreements Requiring Congressional Approval; Pending Bilateral Trade Agreements; (3) Trade Liberalization and the Gains From Trade: Production Gains; Adjustment Costs; Consumption Gains; Economic Growth; (4) Estimating the Economic Impact of Trade Agreements: Overview; The Michigan Model and Estimates; Investment and Capital Flows; Data on Barriers to Trade in Services; (5) Implications for Congress. Charts and tables.
Impact Of Foreign Trade And Government Policies On Economic Growth And Development Of Thailand 1955 1967
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Author : Warin Wongchanchao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Impact Of Foreign Trade And Government Policies On Economic Growth And Development Of Thailand 1955 1967 written by Warin Wongchanchao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Thailand categories.
Growth Trade And Systemic Leadership
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Author : Rafael Reuveny
language : en
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Release Date : 2009-12-21
Growth Trade And Systemic Leadership written by Rafael Reuveny and has been published by University of Michigan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-21 with Political Science categories.
Using a "lead economy" approach, Reuveny and Thompson link question about the global trade system to debates about hegemonic stability and the balance of power in world politics. By focusing on economic growth, protectionism, and trade, they surpass hegemonic stability interpretations of international politics to explain not only how hegemons maintain political order, but also the source of hegemonic/systemic leadership, the rise and decline of leadership over time, and the role of system leaders in generating worldwide economic growth and international political economic order. Rafael Reuveny is Associate Professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University. William R. Thompson is Professor of Political Science at Indiana University.