Impact Of Multiple Credit In Rural Areas
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Impact Of Multiple Credit In Rural Areas
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Author : Provash Chandra Pramanik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Impact Of Multiple Credit In Rural Areas written by Provash Chandra Pramanik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Small business categories.
Revitalising Rural Communities
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Author : Deborah Ralston
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Revitalising Rural Communities written by Deborah Ralston and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Credit unions categories.
The Extent Of Farm Credit In The Libyan Agricultural Sector
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Author : Abdeljalil Ahmed
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2010-07-27
The Extent Of Farm Credit In The Libyan Agricultural Sector written by Abdeljalil Ahmed and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-27 with Science categories.
Rural households in Libya are credit constrained, in terms of access and the amount of credit received. Formal banks are the main players in credit market. Despite 44 branches of agricultural banks distributed countrywide, these branches offer a limited number of credit for different purposes every year. The shares of these branches in rural credit market are quite small: agricultural banks provide only 24 % of loans and the other banks, mainly the commercial banks, provide 76 % of loans. However, agricultural credits provided by agricultural banks offer the most favorable terms for those households that have a positive demand on agricultural credit. Households that have no access to agricultural credits on the other hand face the problem of paying a higher interest rate when applying for credit from non-agricultural banks. This study is an investigation on ‘the importance of large credits in Libyan rural-areas, and the main players in the rural-credit market’. This study determines factors affecting access and credit applications in three different locations. In addition, the affect of households, land, and socio-economic characteristics are analyzed using econometric analysis based on primary data collected during field research in the years 2006 and 2007. Empirical results from the data collected from three different regions in Libya confirm that more than half of rural households have no access to credit and around 42% of rural households do not want to participate in loan borrowing or take loans from any financial institutions that charge high interest rate. This is mostly due to religious considerations that prohibit ‘unethical’ interest rates charged by banks. The results clearly indicate that more than 51.85% of the loans taken by households are used to build houses, 33.3% of the loans are used in production inputs, and 9.8% of loans are used for family needs and the remaining 4.9% of loans are used for social events respectively. Research findings indicate that ‘socio-economic characteristics’ of heads of households are important factors increasing the probability of access to credit. Households headed by married men have a higher probability of access to credit compared to households headed by females or bachelors and unmarried women. Heads of households with some years in schooling and a permanent monthly income from off-farm activity have a higher probability of access to credits than other heads who have less education or have no permanent income. Different forms of credit constraints are discussed and comparisons between selected samples are drawn in order to classify constrained and unconstrained households.
Impact Of The Credit Card In A Rural Area
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Author : Wenona Doris Carman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Impact Of The Credit Card In A Rural Area written by Wenona Doris Carman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with categories.
The Impact And Accessibility Of Agricultural Credit
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Author : Kojo Spio
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Impact And Accessibility Of Agricultural Credit written by Kojo Spio and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This study is an exploratory analysis of the impact and accessibility of formal agricultural credit to small-scale farmers, based on data collected from a sample of farmers in two regions of South Africa's Limpopo Province. The main aims of the research were to: -- Determine the impact of credit and its shadow price. -- Investigate the efficiency of the rural financial market. -- Determine the characteristics and factors that influence the accessibility of credit in the small-scale farming sector, as well as the differential access to credit within the sector. The results of the study indicate that productivity differs between borrowers and non-borrowers. The difference of 40% in favour of borrowers is caused both by credit use (21%) and the farmers' inherent characteristics. Thus, credit can increase a randomly selected farmer's output b 21 per cent. The marginal credit return rate is 2.10 at zero loan, implying a 110 per cent shadow price of capital. The hypothesis that non-borrowers are credit constrained is empirically supported. The marginal credit effect at mean loan size is 1.35, indicating that the average loan size is below income-maximising size. This implies that loan-quantity rationing is still prevalent among borrowers, and that it is possible that borrowers may still be liquidity constrained but to a lesser degree than non-borrowers. The estimated shadow-price of credit (35%) exceeds the average interest rate (18%) also suggesting that the rural credit markets in the survey areas are not o9perating in the most efficient manner. It also indicates that the farmers in the study area can afford to pay the prevailing market interest rate. About 29.4% of the farmers sampled for the study had access to formal credit. More than 57% of the credit used by small farmers comes from informal credit. Access to formal credit is also highly skewed, and shows greater ease of access for large farm size than smaller groups. Factors such as area cultivated, family labour, title deed, non-farm income, remittances and pensions (social benefits), awareness of the availability of credit, and repayment records are found to be important variables in predicting accessibility of credit to small scale farmers in the study area. The main findings are: -- Small-scale farmers have limited and differential access to credit: those with holdings approaching commercial size are better-off. -- Rural agricultural financial markets are inefficient. Borrowers and non-borrowers alike are credit constrained. -- Credit is not too expensive to be used profitably: it effects on productivity can improve the welfare of small-scale farmers. In view of these findings, the following policy proposals are suggested. Firstly, the policy of not providing interest rate subsidies for loans is justified. Credit subsidisation, with its unfortunate history, should be avoided. Secondly, there is the need to restructure costly and poorly performing rural financial institutions to effectively and efficiently provide the needed services to its clientele. To ensure rapid credit delivery, it is also imperative that agricultural institutions are encouraged to decentralise their activities. Expansion of banking outlets is one of the most important surge factors affecting financial services. In addition, policy makers should also focus on critical elements of the financial infrastructure, such as the information system and training facilities, which are necessary for the development of the rural financial system in South Africa. Finally, the threshold for entry into the financial market is simply too high for many. Hence, creating a conducive environment in rural areas is one of the areas that will require more attention. Investment in rural infrastructure will also act as catalyst for the establishment of some of the missing institutions that cause market failures in rural financial markets.
The Impact Of Farm Credit In Pakistan
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Author : Shahidur R. Khandker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Impact Of Farm Credit In Pakistan written by Shahidur R. Khandker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Both formal, and informal loans matter in agriculture. But formal lenders provide much more in production lending, than do informal lenders, often at a higher cost than what they can recover. The Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP), for example, providing about 90 percent of formal loans in rural areas, incurs high costs on loan defaults. Like other governments, the Government of Pakistan subsidized the formal scheme on the grounds that lending to agriculture is a high-risk activity, because of covariate risk. Because farm credit schemes are subsidized, policymakers must know if these schemes are worth supporting. Using recent data from a large household survey from rural Pakistan, the authors estimate the cost-effectiveness of the ADBP loans. To estimate credit's impact, they use a two-stage method, which takes into account the endogeneity of borrowing. Clearly, formal lenders are biased toward larger farmers with collateral. Large landowners, who tend to represent only four percent of rural households, get 42 percent of formal loans. Landless, and subsistence farmers, who represent more than 69 percent of rural households, receive only 23 percent of formal loans. ADBP loans improve household welfare but, although large farmers receive most of ADBP finance, the impact of credit is greater for small farmers than for large farmers. Large landowners use formal loans unproductively. Because the ADBP scheme is subsidized, it is not cost-effective for delivering rural credit. It would be more cost-effective is small farmers were better targeted instead.
Oecd Reviews Of Innovation Policy Sweden 2016
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2016-03-22
Oecd Reviews Of Innovation Policy Sweden 2016 written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-22 with categories.
The 2016 Sweden Review of Innovation Policy deepens the 2012 Review by focusing on six policy initiatives central to the 2008 and 2012 Swedish Research and Innovation Bills.
Growth Disparities And Inclusive Development In India
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Author : Rajendra P. Mamgain
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2020-08-14
Growth Disparities And Inclusive Development In India written by Rajendra P. Mamgain and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The book critically examines the high growth trajectory in India, particularly since the late 1980s, a period which is characterized by increasing inequality. Through various studies from the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh -- a state more populous than Brazil and with a GDP comparable to Bangladesh -- it sheds light on the link between growth and inequality in emerging economies. The slow pace of any upward movement in terms of various development indicators in low-income Indian states is due to a number of factors, including their historical disadvantages. Over a period of time, this has resulted in widening disparities, both between different regions of these states, and between these states and other more prosperous Indian states. The book provides a holistic, yet critical, region-wise analysis of the achievements of Uttar Pradesh compared to other states and to India as a whole, in the context of indicators of inclusive development, namely, growth, employment, poverty, infrastructure, agriculture, industry, education and health. Based on the latest data and sophisticated analysis methods, it assesses inequality and development disparities, clearly identifying three major challenges that poorer states face in redressing poverty and expanding inclusive growth – increasing economic opportunities, empowering poor and marginalised groups to avail new opportunities in a rapidly changing world, and ensuring an effective safety net to reduce vulnerability. The book suggests strategies for promoting high and sustained economic growth, and highlights the significance of broadening social inclusiveness through greater and more rapid access to economic and social opportunities, and building strong social safety nets to protect the chronically poor and mitigate their risks and vulnerabilities with the help of good governance and institutions. With contributions from leading scholars from the region, it is a valuable resource for researchers working in the area of growth and inequality, as well as for policy makers from developing economies around the globe.
Effect Of Federal Programs On Rural America
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Rural Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Effect Of Federal Programs On Rural America written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Rural Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Economic assistance, Domestic categories.
White Gold The Commercialisation Of Rice Farming In The Lower Mekong Basin
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Author : Rob Cramb
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-03
White Gold The Commercialisation Of Rice Farming In The Lower Mekong Basin written by Rob Cramb and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-03 with Business & Economics categories.
This open access book is about understanding the processes involved in the transformation of smallholder rice farming in the Lower Mekong Basin from a low-yielding subsistence activity to one producing the surpluses needed for national self-sufficiency and a high-value export industry. For centuries, farmers in the Basin have regarded rice as “white gold”, reflecting its centrality to their food security and well-being. In the past four decades, rice has also become a commercial crop of great importance to Mekong farmers, augmenting but not replacing its role in securing their subsistence. This book is based on collaborative research to (a) compare the current situation and trajectories of rice farmers within and between different regions of the Lower Mekong, (b) explore the value chains linking rice farmers with new technologies and input and output markets within and across national borders, and (c) understand the changing role of government policies in facilitating the on-going evolution of commercial rice farming. An introductory section places the research in geographical and historical context. Four major sections deal in turn with studies of rice farming, value chains, and policies in Northeast Thailand, Central Laos, Southeastern Cambodia, and the Mekong Delta. The final section examines the implications for rice policy in the region as a whole.