Impacts Of Urbanization And Climate Change On The Hydrological Cycle
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Impacts Of Urbanization And Climate Change On The Hydrological Cycle
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Author : Lele Shu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Impacts Of Urbanization And Climate Change On The Hydrological Cycle written by Lele Shu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The past one hundred years have seen a tremendous migration to towns and cities worldwide. This population movement exerts serious impacts on surface and ground- water supplies, soil health, and the sustainability of ecosystems. At the same time, climate change has become a decisive influence on water systems as land conversion continues. Historically, urbanization and climate change were two important determinants in the sustainability of water, food and energy supplies, as well as the increasing risk of environmental hazards.At the watershed scale the evolving land use change in urban areas does not only change the flood risk because of increasing impervious areas or by directly reducing the consumption of water by trees and plants, but also fundamentally alters the local water balance and the partitioning of water within the land-atmosphere- ecological system. Both land use change and climate change may influence the urban watershed in ways that reinforce or compensate sustainable management.In this study we applied two spatially explicit models to the problem. One is the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM), a hydrologic model that partitions the water balance in space and time over the urban catchment. The other is the Cellular Automata Land Use Change Model (CALUC), a land use change model, which simulates the evolution of land use classes based on physical measures associated with population change and land use demand factors.We selected two study sites, one modern and one ancient, to highlight the capability of coupling catchment hydrology with land use change models. The goal is to assess the role of hydrologic change in urbanizing watersheds and to evaluate the contemporaneous impacts of climate change. The modern sites are the Conestoga watershed and the Lancaster PA urban center; the historical site is the ancient Maya city of Tikal in Peten region of Guatemala. In each setting, the essential data was developed and the models were used to evaluate how urbanization and land use change gradually altered the entire water balance often in unexpected ways.Chapter 1 introduces the overall problem and carries out a comprehensive literature review for each of the following chapters. Chapter 2 discusses the relevant models used in the study, and the role of model parameterization, particularly the important role that macropores have on maintaining a healthy soil and supporting soil moisture and recharge to groundwater. Chapter 2 also describes the Cellular Automata Land Use Change model, which is adopted here to simulate land use conditions. Chapter 3 then evaluates the past, present and future land use conditions in the Conestoga watershed and develops quantitative metrics of evaluation. Chapter 4 extends the Conestoga case study to evaluate hydrologic performance when dynamic land use and future climate change scenarios from IPCC are the drivers. An evaluation of the relative importance of land use and climate to hydrologic change is presented. Chapter 5 implements the models in a retrospective scenario of the water history of the ancient Maya city of Tikal and discusses the problem of urbanization-deforestation-agriculture land conversion, and the likely sensitivity of their water supply to extreme climate events. Chapter 6 summarizes the two case studies and makes inferences on the resilience and elasticity of the two study sites to climate and land use change.
Urbanization Under A Changing Climate
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Author : Jianxun He
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-06-18
Urbanization Under A Changing Climate written by Jianxun He and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In response to the increasing urbanization, advances in the science of urban hydrology have improved urban water system management, creating more livable cities in which public safety and health, as well as the environment, are protected. The ultimate goal of urban water management is to mimic the hydrological cycle prior to urbanization. On top of urbanization, climate change, which has been demonstrated to alter the hydrological cycle in all respects, has introduced additional challenges to managing urban water systems. To mitigate and adapt to urbanization under a changing climate, understanding key hydrologic components should expand to include complex issues brought forth by climate change. Thus, effective and efficient measures can be formulated. This Special Issue of Water presents a variety of research papers that span a range of spatial and temporal scales of relevance in different societies’ efforts in adapting to the eminent changes in climate and the continuous changes in the landscape. From mitigating water quality in permeable pavements and bioretention swales to understanding changes in groundwater recharge in large regions, this Special Issue examines the state-of-the-art in sustainable urban design for adaptation and resiliency.
Urban Water Cycle Processes And Interactions
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Author : Jiri Marsalek
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-04-21
Urban Water Cycle Processes And Interactions written by Jiri Marsalek and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-21 with Nature categories.
Effective management of urban water should be based on a scientific understanding of the impact of human activity on both the urban hydrological cycle - including its processes and interactions - and the environment itself. Such anthropogenic impacts, which vary broadly in time and space, need to be quantified with respect to local climate, urban d
Urbanization Under A Changing Climate
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Author : Caterina Valeo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Urbanization Under A Changing Climate written by Caterina Valeo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
In response to the increasing urbanization, advances in the science of urban hydrology have improved urban water system management, creating more livable cities in which public safety and health, as well as the environment, are protected. The ultimate goal of urban water management is to mimic the hydrological cycle prior to urbanization. On top of urbanization, climate change, which has been demonstrated to alter the hydrological cycle in all respects, has introduced additional challenges to managing urban water systems. To mitigate and adapt to urbanization under a changing climate, understanding key hydrologic components should expand to include complex issues brought forth by climate change. Thus, effective and efficient measures can be formulated. This Special Issue of Water presents a variety of research papers that span a range of spatial and temporal scales of relevance in different societies' efforts in adapting to the eminent changes in climate and the continuous changes in the landscape. From mitigating water quality in permeable pavements and bioretention swales to understanding changes in groundwater recharge in large regions, this Special Issue examines the state-of-the-art in sustainable urban design for adaptation and resiliency.
Impact Of Climate Change On Water And Health
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Author : Velma I. Grover
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-12-18
Impact Of Climate Change On Water And Health written by Velma I. Grover and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-18 with Science categories.
Since the hydrological cycle is so intricately linked to the climate system, any change in climate impacts the water cycle in terms of change in precipitation patterns, melting of snow and ice, increased evaporation, increased atmospheric water vapor and changes in soil moisture and run off. Consequently, climate change could result in floods in some areas and droughts in others resulting in varying availability and the quality of water affects the quality of life, food security and also health security. This book examines the impact of climate change on water as well as health.
Managing Water Resources Under Climate Uncertainty
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Author : Sangam Shrestha
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-11-03
Managing Water Resources Under Climate Uncertainty written by Sangam Shrestha and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-03 with Science categories.
This book aims to come up with views to address the queries of planners, policymakers, and general people for water resources management under uncertainty of climate change, including examples from Asia and Europe with successful adaptive measures to change the challenge of climate change into opportunities. The availability of clean water is a major global challenge for the future due to a rapidly growing population and urbanization where further stress in water resources is expected due to the impact of climate change. The wide range of impacts includes for example changes in hydrology, moisture availability, spatial and temporal variations in magnitude of stream flow, and dwindling of water levels with adverse effect on wetlands and ecosystem. As a consequence, water management has become a serious issue and was identified as a global societal challenge, and climate change forecasting has become one of the key issues in recent research on sustainable water resources management.
Hydrological Effects Of Urbanization
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Author : Co-ordinating Council of the International Hydrological Decade. Sub-group on the Effects of Urbanization on the Hydrological Environment
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Hydrological Effects Of Urbanization written by Co-ordinating Council of the International Hydrological Decade. Sub-group on the Effects of Urbanization on the Hydrological Environment and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Science categories.
Impact Of Climate Change On Hydrological Cycle Ecosystem Fisheries And Food Security
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Author : B.Madhusoodana Kurup
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-06-01
Impact Of Climate Change On Hydrological Cycle Ecosystem Fisheries And Food Security written by B.Madhusoodana Kurup and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Climate change has emerged as the most pressing global challenge of the 21st century and it has a dramatic effect on natural ecosystems and environment. Intelligent mitigation strategies to minimise climate change impacts can result in advanced, novel technologies; healthier aquatic ecosystems and higher food security and well-being for humans. The book includes 45 Chapters by expert authors, covering (i) Hydrometeorology and hydrology, (ii) Natural hazards and disaster risk management, (iii) Aquaculture, (iv) Changing biodiversity scenarios, (v) Capture fisheries, (vi) Food and nutritional insecurity, (vii) Climate change and socio-economic scenarios, and allied areas. It is hoped that this volume will further our understanding and research achievements in the field of climate change and its consequences and facilitate the synthesis of information on how climate-related changes will influence oceans, marine and inland ecosystems, hydrological cycles, fisheries and aquaculture and coastal communities and will be immensely useful to planners, scientists, conservationists, environmentalists, academicians, students and all those who are directly or indirectly involved in the study of impact of climate change and mitigation measures Note: T& F does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
Urban Water Security Managing Risks
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Author : Blanca Jimenez Cisneros
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-03-24
Urban Water Security Managing Risks written by Blanca Jimenez Cisneros and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-24 with Science categories.
Understanding the impacts of urbanization on the urban water cycle and managing the associated health risks demand adequate strategies and measures. Health risks associated with urban water systems and services include the microbiological and chemical contamination of urban waters and outbreak of water-borne diseases, mainly due to poor water and s
Impacts Of Climate Change And Climate Variability On Hydrological Regimes
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Author : Jan C. van Dam
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-10-16
Impacts Of Climate Change And Climate Variability On Hydrological Regimes written by Jan C. van Dam and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-16 with Science categories.
Examines the implications of possible climate changes and variability on both global and regional water resources.