Improving Irrigated Agriculture In The Fergana Valley
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Improving Irrigated Agriculture In The Fergana Valley Uzbekistan
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Author : Heidi Ann Webber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Improving Irrigated Agriculture In The Fergana Valley Uzbekistan written by Heidi Ann Webber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Beans categories.
Improving Irrigated Agriculture In The Fergana Valley
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Author : Heidi Ann Webber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Improving Irrigated Agriculture In The Fergana Valley written by Heidi Ann Webber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Water scarcity and severe environmental degradation are causing water managers in Central Asia to reevaluate irrigation water use. The objective of this research was to investigate cropping systems that could improve food security in rural areas of the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan given the constraints of limited water, increasing salinization of land resources and a rigid state order system which requires farmers to produce cotton and wheat. Growing short season food legumes after winter wheat harvest using alternate furrow and regulated deficit irrigation is proposed. The WUE of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and green gram (vigna radiata) irrigated with deficit and alternate furrow irrigation was evaluated in a field experiment in the Fergana Valley. The results indicate the WUE for both commercial yield and biomass were approximately twice as high for green gram as common bean. Conversely, the water use efficiency for root biomass in common bean (0.15 kg m-3) was slightly higher than green gram (0.13 kg m-3). WUE increased in green gram when deficit irrigation or alternate furrow irrigation were practiced, whereas it remained constant in common bean for all treatment combinations. The different response of the two legumes is explained by examining components of the plant-soil-water system. Both strategies resulted in water savings and reduced crop evaporative consumption, with larger reductions in green gram than common bean. Severely stressed common bean extracted more water at 60 cm than non-stressed plants, whereas severely stressed green gram used less water at all depths. Collectively, the results suggest alternate furrow irrigation and deficit irrigation are appropriate methods to increase WUE, allowing application of less irrigation water, particularly, for green gram production. Use of the FAO's water stress coefficient in predicting evapotranspiration under water limiting conditions appears to over-predict water use for green gram and co.
Improving Irrigation In Asia
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Author : Elinor Ostrom
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2011-01-01
Improving Irrigation In Asia written by Elinor Ostrom and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
'A unique and significant longitudinal study of irrigation intervention in FMIS in Nepal that revives important debates on how irrigation management evolves and how this can be investigated. This concise and accessible book can inform and challenge agencies and donors to reflect on policies and researchers to argue further the study of collective action and political theory in irrigation management.' – Linden Vincent, Wageningen University, The Netherlands 'Improving Irrigation in Asia by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues is grounded in intimate detail on water management experience in Nepal while being informed by broadly-applicable concepts and behavioral theories. It greatly advances our understanding of management options and effects. As the water resources available for agriculture become more limited and unreliable, the efficiency and productivity with which irrigation water is used must be increased. While better technology can assist in this quest, the greatest potential gains lie in the social and organizational domains.' – Norman Uphoff, Cornell University, US 'Governance of irrigation systems is complex, needing social, technical and financial actions that support farming. Few people have as much knowledge of self-governing irrigation systems as these authors, and few countries have as many of these systems as Nepal. Lessons from these small irrigation systems can be adapted to much larger units, and to other kinds of activity. External assistance on a modest scale could generate practical benefit, by encouraging self-reliance in communities.' – Charles Abernethy, International Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo (1987–94) and Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand (1996–99) Improving Irrigation in Asia is based on a longitudinal study over two decades on innovative intervention for sustained performance of irrigation systems. The work identifies key factors that can help explain the performance of interventions, and explicates lessons for resource management and the management of development assistance. In 1985, the Water and Energy Commission Secretariat of Nepal and the International Irrigation Management Institute developed an ingenious intervention program for nineteen irrigation systems located in the middle hills of Nepal in an attempt to overcome the prevailing 'best-practices' traps, in regard to assisting irrigation systems. This book highlights the innovativeness of the project lay in its provision of ample opportunities for farmers to make decisions regarding the operation of the irrigation system based on their local knowledge and creativity. The authors of this work, Elinor Ostrom, Wai Fung Lam, Prachanda Pradhan and Ganesh P. Shivakoti provide detailed analysis of these interventions and support the conclusion that farmers can build on an innovative intervention that not only provides physical improvements but also enhances farmers' problem-solving capacity. They argue that to achieve sustainable improvements in performance, the farmers themselves need to engage in collective action over time and support local entrepreneurs who provide leadership and stimulate adjustments to change. Providing practical policy solutions, this study will prove a fascinating and invaluable read for academics and scholars of development studies, resource management, and irrigation studies, as well as development specialists in international agencies, policymakers in governments and international donor agencies.
Rural And Agricultural Development In Uzbekistan
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Author : Peter Craumer
language : en
Publisher: Chatham House (Formerly Riia)
Release Date : 1995
Rural And Agricultural Development In Uzbekistan written by Peter Craumer and has been published by Chatham House (Formerly Riia) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Political Science categories.
A study of the economic, social and environmental factors in contemporary Uzbekistan's rural development and their effects on the economy and society of the country as a whole. Special attention is given to problems of water resources and irrigation, agricultural problems and reforms, population growth and migration, and food supply, all in the context of Uzbekistan's diverse regions.
Arid Land Irrigation In Developing Countries
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Author : E. Barton Worthington
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Arid Land Irrigation In Developing Countries written by E. Barton Worthington and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Arid Land Irrigation in Developing Countries: Environmental Problems and Effects covers the proceedings of the International Symposium on Arid Land Irrigation, held in Alexandria, Egypt on February 16-21 1976. This book is organized into eight sections encompassing 46 chapters. The opening section deals first with the benefits of arid land irrigation and the effective use of water in irrigated agriculture. This section also tackles the public health and socio-economic impacts of irrigation, as well as the planning and managing of irrigation and drainage systems. The next section discusses the results of some case studies on arid land irrigation, such as in districts in Mexico, Iran, and Egypt. Other sections explore the influence of irrigation on changes in hydrological processes and cycle, soil fertility, water quality, and biological balances. The closing sections consider the human problems in irrigation areas, with an emphasis on the problem of schistosomiasis and malaria. These sections also look into the viewpoints of specialist agencies of the United Nations on arid land irrigation. This book will be of value to agriculturists, economists, and researchers.
Water And Food Security In Central Asia
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Author : Chandra Madramootoo
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-12-14
Water And Food Security In Central Asia written by Chandra Madramootoo and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Central Asia is vulnerable to water scarcity because it is located in semiarid and arid vegetation zones and large parts of its economy depend on water for irrigation and energy. Climate-change scenarios predict temperature increases and a rising number of extreme weather events, which will exacerbate water shortages in the future. In addition, the population of Central Asia is growing more rapidly than the rate of food production which is resulting in food insecurity in many parts of the region too. This volume reports the deliberations of politicians, scientists and representatives of water management organizations from throughout Central Asia. Their contributions not only highlight areas of concern, but also propose numerous ideas for improving the long-term water- and food security in the region.
Society Water Technology
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Author : Reinhard F. Hüttl
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-02
Society Water Technology written by Reinhard F. Hüttl and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents the results of the Interdisciplinary Research Group "Society – Water – Technology" of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. It describes interdisciplinary evaluation criteria for major water engineering projects (MWEPs) and portrays an application to the Lower Jordan Valley (Middle East) and the Fergana Valley (Central Asia). Both areas are characterised by transboundary conflicts, by challenges due to demographic and climate change and by political and societal pressures. Based on the findings, the book provides recommendations for science and political decisions makers as well as for international financing institutions. In addition, it outlines research gaps from an interdisciplinary perspective. In the past, MWEPs have been used as an instrument to cope with the demands of growing populations and to enhance development progress. Experiences with MWEPs have shown that a purely technical approach has not always brought about the desired results. In many cases, MWEPs have even resulted in negative implications for society and environment. Therefore, improved management strategies and enhanced technologies for a sustainable water resource management system are a prerequisite to meet present and future challenges. And, moreover, the continuous evaluation and optimisation of these measures is, likewise, a must.
Irrigated Agriculture And Economic Development In The Ferghana Valley Under The Qoqand Khanate
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Author : Michael Thurman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Irrigated Agriculture And Economic Development In The Ferghana Valley Under The Qoqand Khanate written by Michael Thurman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Estimation Of Evapotranspiration Rates In Irrigated Lands Of The Fergana Valley Using Stable Isotopes
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Author : Gulomjon Umirzakov
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2016-03-30
Estimation Of Evapotranspiration Rates In Irrigated Lands Of The Fergana Valley Using Stable Isotopes written by Gulomjon Umirzakov and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-30 with Science categories.
Agriculture in Uzbekistan critically depends on water resources availability, therefore crop production, especially of cotton and winter wheat, is restricted mainly to irrigated areas. As a result of water shortage under climate change, land degradation issues in the region worsened and water use efficiency has considerably decreased over the decades. Hence, it is essential to investigate water balance parameters in irrigated lands. Environmental isotopes have been widely applied in hydrological investigations, particularly estimation of evapotranspiration rate, one of the main components of the water balance in irrigated lands. This study aims to estimate evapotranspiration rates in cotton fields by applying water stable isotopes (2H and 18O). The study is based on the field experiments conducted during the vegetation periods 2010 and 2011 in the Fergana Region of Uzbekistan. Soil for isotope analysis were sampled in a sandy field, sandy loam #1 field (rich with gypsum) and sandy loam #2 field (without gypsum). The soil water from the samples was extracted by the cryogenic extraction method. δ2H and δ18O ratios of extracted water were determined using the laser spectroscopy method. Evapotranspiration rates were estimated with the isotope mass balance model. Besides evapotranspiration estimation, this study examines the variability and characteristics of stable isotope signatures of different water sources in the study region and analyzes water extraction processes from different soil types and temporal changes of isotope signatures through the depth in irrigated cotton fields.
Water Management The Key To Improving Irrigated Agriculture
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Author : K. Pohjakas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Water Management The Key To Improving Irrigated Agriculture written by K. Pohjakas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Irrigation categories.