In What Ways Does The Market Fail Where Science And Technology Are Concerned And Can The Government Usefully Address Such Failure
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In What Ways Does The Market Fail Where Science And Technology Are Concerned And Can The Government Usefully Address Such Failure
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Author : Henning Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2007-02-05
In What Ways Does The Market Fail Where Science And Technology Are Concerned And Can The Government Usefully Address Such Failure written by Henning Schmidt and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Essay from the year 2004 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 70%, University of Hertfordshire (Business School), course: Economic Policy, language: English, abstract: This assignment will deal with the question in what ways markets for science and technology fail and how a government can address to these failures. As approach there will be first the defining of the terms used, followed by a theoretical explanation of market failure and its causes in general. The major consideration will be towards the appropriability of the returns on an innovation. From here on, the possibilities of the state to intervene and its reasons for and against it will be looked at. Then it will be concluded which measures are considered a useful addressing towards this specific kind of market failure and which not. The question behind all considerations on intervention will be how either sufficient property rights are created or lacking property rights are compensated. Regarding “science and technology” this essay will take any activity inside of a national economy that is aimed to create knowledge of any kind as part of the consideration. It is acknowledged, that “technology” produces private goods with profit as driving incentive, whereas “science” is producing a public good, driven by the evaluation of other scientists (see Stoneman 1995 p. 4). A further distinction of both is not undertaken in this concern, as the question involves both terms and the differences are not considered to be crucial for the further considerations. The Schumpeterian approach that before an innovation as the development of an idea into a marketable product there needs to be the invention, the scientific generation of new ideas, and that an innovation ends with its diffusion is acknowledged as well (see Stoneman, 1987, pp. 8 - 9 ). In the following considerations these processes are considered given as part of the general economic activity. On markets, “property rights” are exchanged, deducted from the surrounding legal institutions, by which an economic agent controls an economic good to a certain extent (See Fritsch et al p.19, p.6). It will be shown that the basis for market failure lies within inadequate property rights for technology and also that to a certain extent, this is economically desirable. The theoretical concept of “market failure” founds on violations of the conditions necessary for a socially optimal and efficient result in perfect competition, i.e. uncertainty, externalities and indivisibilities (See Acocella, p. 89).
Technology And Market Failure
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Author : Fred E. Foldvary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Technology And Market Failure written by Fred E. Foldvary and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
When government intervenes in the marketplace, if often justifies the intervention as an effort to correct a "market failure" - an inability of the market to achieve potential gains from trade. Government attempts to correct market failure through regulation, taxation, and command-and-control policies. But the rationales for those policies may be waning with the emergence in various industries of new technologies that are diminishing such market failures as natural monopoly, externalities, public goods, and asymetric information.
Science And Technology Policy
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Author : Clement Allan Tisdell
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1981-09-03
Science And Technology Policy written by Clement Allan Tisdell and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981-09-03 with Business & Economics categories.
I was asked recently to prepare an independent background report on the subject of priority assessment in science and technology policy for the Australian Science and Technology Council. The Council (while not necessarily endorsing this book) suggested that a wider audience could be interested in the type of material contained in my report and kindly gave me permission to publish the material in my own right. The present book contains this and other material, some of which was presented at a seminar on National Science Policy: Implications for Government Departments arranged by the Department of Science and the Environment. Additional ideas were developed in response to comments on the manuscript by referees, as a result of discussions with Professor John Metcalfe and Dr Peter Stubbs of Manchester University, a conversation with Dr Keith Hartley of the University of York and in the wake of a communication from Dr Ken Tucker, Assistant Director, Bureau of Industry Economics, Australia. Science and technology policy affects and concerns everyone of us if for no other reason than we cannot escape in this interdependent world from the economic, social and environmental overs pills generated by science and technology. We must face the problems and promises inherent in new and existing science and technology whether we like it or not. Not surprisingly this book finds that all industrialized countries seem to be facing similar economic and social problems.
Advisory Committee On Industrial Innovation
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Author : United States. Advisory Committee on Industrial Innovation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Advisory Committee On Industrial Innovation written by United States. Advisory Committee on Industrial Innovation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Industrial policy categories.
Global Environmental Change
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1991-02-01
Global Environmental Change written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-02-01 with Science categories.
Global environmental change often seems to be the most carefully examined issue of our time. Yet understanding the human sideâ€"human causes of and responses to environmental changeâ€"has not yet received sustained attention. Global Environmental Change offers a strategy for combining the efforts of natural and social scientists to better understand how our actions influence global change and how global change influences us. The volume is accessible to the nonscientist and provides a wide range of examples and case studies. It explores how the attitudes and actions of individuals, governments, and organizations intertwine to leave their mark on the health of the planet. The book focuses on establishing a framework for this new field of study, identifying problems that must be overcome if we are to deepen our understanding of the human dimensions of global change, presenting conclusions and recommendations.
Ensuring Quality To Gain Access To Global Markets
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Author : Martin Kellermann
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2019-04-09
Ensuring Quality To Gain Access To Global Markets written by Martin Kellermann and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-09 with Business & Economics categories.
In a modern world with rapidly growing international trade, countries compete less based on the availability of natural resources, geographical advantages, and lower labor costs and more on factors related to firms' ability to enter and compete in new markets. One such factor is the ability to demonstrate the quality and safety of goods and services expected by consumers and confirm compliance with international standards. To assure such compliance, a sound quality infrastructure (QI) ecosystem is essential. Jointly developed by the World Bank Group and the National Metrology Institute of Germany, this guide is designed to help development partners and governments analyze a country's quality infrastructure ecosystems and provide recommendations to design and implement reforms and enhance the capacity of their QI institutions.
Science The Endless Frontier
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Author : Vannevar Bush
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2021-02-02
Science The Endless Frontier written by Vannevar Bush and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-02 with Science categories.
The classic case for why government must support science—with a new essay by physicist and former congressman Rush Holt on what democracy needs from science today Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government’s responsibility to support scientific endeavors. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nation’s health, security, and prosperity. Bush’s vision set the course for US science policy for more than half a century, building the world’s most productive scientific enterprise. Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to science’s very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government. This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. Reflecting on the report’s legacy and relevance along with its limitations, Holt contends that the public’s ability to cope with today’s issues—such as public health, the changing climate and environment, and challenging technologies in modern society—requires a more capacious understanding of what science can contribute. Holt considers how scientists should think of their obligation to society and what the public should demand from science, and he calls for a renewed understanding of science’s value for democracy and society at large. A touchstone for concerned citizens, scientists, and policymakers, Science, the Endless Frontier endures as a passionate articulation of the power and potential of science.
Impacts Of National Technology Programmes
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Author : Martin Brown
language : en
Publisher: OECD
Release Date : 1995
Impacts Of National Technology Programmes written by Martin Brown and has been published by OECD this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Political Science categories.
Governments are increasingly constrained to examine the economic impacts of all the programmes they finance, but assessment methodologies pose problems. This publication examines these methodological problems and analyses the results of existing evaluation studies.
Technology And U S Competitiveness
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Author : W. Henry Lambright
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1992-06-17
Technology And U S Competitiveness written by W. Henry Lambright and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-06-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Technology and U.S. global competitiveness is a major concern today, and yet there is no study that surveys the key issues describing federal and state policies in the United States. What new technologies are likely to increase our national productivity and international competitiveness in the future? Editors Lambright and Rahm have gathered together a group of experts to provide varying perspectives and recommendations for students, scholars, experts, and policymakers to consider. The edited collection describes federal and state programs, institutions, and changing policy issues given the new world order of technology and competitiveness. Part I analyzes federal competitiveness policy, the decontrolling of technology transfer, the role of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the emerging role of the Department of Defense in Technology Transfer. Part II covers turbulent state programs in the 1990s, state space technology programs, and basic research and development. Part III deals with recent theoretical and organizational approaches to U.S. technology policy, changing international relations and U.S.-Japanese competitiveness, and corporate culture in small high tech firms.
Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977-01
Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977-01 with categories.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.