Indien Und Pakistan Zwei Verfeindete Nationen Im Kalten Krieg
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Indien Und Pakistan Zwei Verfeindete Nationen Im Kalten Krieg
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Author : Ullrich Müller
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2011
Indien Und Pakistan Zwei Verfeindete Nationen Im Kalten Krieg written by Ullrich Müller and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with History categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Geschichte Deutschlands - Nachkriegszeit, Kalter Krieg, Note: 1,3, Universität Potsdam, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Nukleare Bewaffnung ist auch in der Welt nach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges eine Frage von größter internationaler Bedeutung. Neben der aktuellen Diskussion um den Iran steht auch Indien in diesem Zusammenhang wieder im Lichte der Öffentlichkeit: Die umstrittene Quasi-Anerkennung des indischen Arsenals durch die USA belebt die Erinnerung an das Jahr 1998, als unmittelbar nacheinander sowohl Indien als auch Pakistan durch Tests ihre Fähigkeit zum Einsatz von Nuklearwaffen nachwiesen. Diese Handlungsweise erinnerte sehr an das aus dem Kalten Krieg bekannte Tit for Tat. Ist hier also ein neues Gleichgewicht des Schreckens entstanden? Auch ohne solch dramatische Vergleiche lassen sich viele Entwicklungen zwischen den beiden Bruderstaaten nur aus der Realität der bipolaren Welt heraus verstehen, denn obwohl der Konflikt, der sich vor allem auch an der Kaschmirfrage entzündete, als indigene und regionale Auseinandersetzung begann, wurde er doch schnell in die Zusammenhänge des Kalten Krieges mit einbezogen. Nur so läßt sich erklären warum sich etwa der Krieg um die Teilung Pakistans, der 1971 zur Gründung Bangladeshs führte, zu einer Krise von globaler Tragweite entwickeln konnte oder warum ein Land wie Indien erst zum Führer der non-alignement-Bewegung avancieren, atomare Bewaffnung verurteilen und dann schließlich, befördert durch die Bedrohung durch China, trotzdem zur Nuklearmacht werden konnte. Nur so wird es auch verständlich wieso in Pakistan ausgebildete Glaubenskämpfer, nach dem Ende des Afghanistankrieges "arbeitslos" geworden, seit den 90er Jahren an verschiedensten Konflikten teilnehmen, warum die USA wegsahen als die islamische Bombe entstand und warum die Diktatur des Militärs in dem muslimischen Staaten so hartnäckig bestand hat. Nur so wird nachvollziehbar, wie ein territorial begrenzter regionale
Indien Und Pakistan Zwei Verfeindete Nationen Im Kalten Krieg
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Author : Ullrich Müller
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2011-04-18
Indien Und Pakistan Zwei Verfeindete Nationen Im Kalten Krieg written by Ullrich Müller and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-18 with History categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Geschichte Deutschlands - Nachkriegszeit, Kalter Krieg, Note: 1,3, Universität Potsdam, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Nukleare Bewaffnung ist auch in der Welt nach dem Ende des Kalten Krieges eine Frage von größter internationaler Bedeutung. Neben der aktuellen Diskussion um den Iran steht auch Indien in diesem Zusammenhang wieder im Lichte der Öffentlichkeit: Die umstrittene Quasi-Anerkennung des indischen Arsenals durch die USA belebt die Erinnerung an das Jahr 1998, als unmittelbar nacheinander sowohl Indien als auch Pakistan durch Tests ihre Fähigkeit zum Einsatz von Nuklearwaffen nachwiesen. Diese Handlungsweise erinnerte sehr an das aus dem Kalten Krieg bekannte Tit for Tat. Ist hier also ein neues Gleichgewicht des Schreckens entstanden? Auch ohne solch dramatische Vergleiche lassen sich viele Entwicklungen zwischen den beiden Bruderstaaten nur aus der Realität der bipolaren Welt heraus verstehen, denn obwohl der Konflikt, der sich vor allem auch an der Kaschmirfrage entzündete, als indigene und regionale Auseinandersetzung begann, wurde er doch schnell in die Zusammenhänge des Kalten Krieges mit einbezogen. Nur so läßt sich erklären warum sich etwa der Krieg um die Teilung Pakistans, der 1971 zur Gründung Bangladeshs führte, zu einer Krise von globaler Tragweite entwickeln konnte oder warum ein Land wie Indien erst zum Führer der non-alignement-Bewegung avancieren, atomare Bewaffnung verurteilen und dann schließlich, befördert durch die Bedrohung durch China, trotzdem zur Nuklearmacht werden konnte. Nur so wird es auch verständlich wieso in Pakistan ausgebildete Glaubenskämpfer, nach dem Ende des Afghanistankrieges „arbeitslos“ geworden, seit den 90er Jahren an verschiedensten Konflikten teilnehmen, warum die USA wegsahen als die islamische Bombe entstand und warum die Diktatur des Militärs in dem muslimischen Staaten so hartnäckig bestand hat. Nur so wird nachvollziehbar, wie ein territorial begrenzter regionaler Konflikt in mehreren Kriegen immer wieder aufflammen und bis hin zu nuklearer Bewaffnung geführt, trotz eines, mindestens für Pakistan, ruinösen Wettbewerbs auch bis heute noch in seinem Bestand bestätigt werden konnte. Ziel vorliegender Arbeit ist es, diesen Konflikt auf dem indischen Subkontinent, der, wie S. Mahmud Ali zu Recht bemerkt , bisher in der Historiographie des Kalten Krieges zu wenig Beachtung gefunden hat, anhand einschlägiger Literatur und ausgewählter Quellen von seinem Beginn an darzustellen und dabei besonderes Augenmerk auf jene Strukturen zu legen, die sich aus den besonderen Konstellationen des Kalten Krieges ergeben haben.
The New Wars
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Author : Herfried Münkler
language : en
Publisher: Polity
Release Date : 2005
The New Wars written by Herfried Münkler and has been published by Polity this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Political Science categories.
This important new book deals with the changing nature of war in the post-Cold War era and the emergence of new forms of warfare in which warlords, mercenaries and terrorists play an increasingly important role. In the modern era, warfare came to play a crucial role in the formation of states, whereas the new wars emerging at the beginning of the 21st century have mostly gone together with the failure or collapse of states. The author draws out the key shifts involved in this process: from symmetrical conflicts between states to asymmetrical global relationships of force; from national armies to increasingly private or commercial bands of warlords, child soldiers and mercenaries; from pitched battles to protracted conflicts in which there is often little fighting and most of the violence is directed against civilians. Changes in weapons technology have combined with complex economic factors to make the prospect of endlessly simmering wars a real danger in the years to come. Against this background, the author outlines the rise of a novel form of international terrorism, conceived more as a political method of communication than as an element in a military strategy. The resulting challenges faced by Western governments, and the costs and benefits associated with any response, are taken up in a concluding section that contrasts the characteristic European and American approaches and examines the implications for the future of international law. This book will be of important to students of political science, international relations, war and peace studies, conflict studies and peace studies. It will also appeal to the general reader with an interest in this topical subject.
Perpetual War For Perpetual Peace
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Author : Gore Vidal
language : en
Publisher: Bold Type Books
Release Date : 2002-04-10
Perpetual War For Perpetual Peace written by Gore Vidal and has been published by Bold Type Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-10 with Political Science categories.
The United States has been engaged in what the great historian Charles A. Beard called "perpetual war for perpetual peace." The Federation of American Scientists has cataloged nearly 200 military incursions since 1945 in which the United States has been the aggressor. In a series of penetrating and alarming essays, whose centerpiece is a commentary on the events of September 11, 2001 (deemed too controversial to publish in this country until now) Gore Vidal challenges the comforting consensus following September 11th and goes back and draws connections to Timothy McVeigh's bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City. He asks were these simply the acts of "evil-doers?" "Gore Vidal is the master essayist of our age." -- Washington Post "Our greatest living man of letters." -- Boston Globe "Vidal's imagination of American politics is so powerful as to compel awe." -- Harold Bloom, The New York Review of Books
Annual Report Of The United States Commission On International Religious Freedom
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Author : United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Annual Report Of The United States Commission On International Religious Freedom written by United States Commission on International Religious Freedom and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Freedom of religion categories.
Transcending The Cold War
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Author : Kristina Spohr
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
Transcending The Cold War written by Kristina Spohr and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with History categories.
In 1989 and 1990 the map of Europe was transformed peacefully, without the wars which caused the other great ruptures of the international order in 1815, 1870, 1918, and 1945. What role did international summitry play in the denouement of the Cold War? Scholars have tended to focus on long-term systemic factors, Gorbachev's reform agenda, or the impact in 1989 of 'people power'. This major multinational study, based on archives from both sides of the 'Iron Curtain', adopts a novel perspective by exploring the contribution of international statecraft to the dissolution of Europe's bipolar order. This is done through the examination of key summit meetings from 1970 to 1990 across three phases - 'Thawing the Cold War', 'Living with the Cold War', and 'Transcending the Cold War' - and in three main strands: the superpowers and arms control, their triangular relationship with China, and the German question. The threads are drawn together in a sweeping analytical conclusion. Transcending the Cold War includes fascinating insights into key statesman such as Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan, Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev, Willy Brandt and Helmut Kohl, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping - both as thinkers about the international system and also practitioners of summit bargaining. Particular attention is devoted to the cultural dimension of summitry, as performative acts for the media and as engagement with 'the Other' across ideological divides. Written in lively prose, this volume is essential reading for those interested in modern history, contemporary politics, and international relations - addressing issues that still shape the world today.
Understanding Human Rights
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Author : Wolfgang Benedek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Understanding Human Rights written by Wolfgang Benedek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Human rights categories.
This third edition of Understanding Human Rights has been elaborated by the European Training and Research Center for Human Rights and Democracy (ETC) in Graz, originally for the Human Security Network (HSN) at the initiative of the Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The objective is to assist human rights education efforts worldwide. The book's thematic modules on selected human rights issues cover topics such as: the prohibition of torture, freedom from poverty, human rights of women and children, human rights in armed conflict, freedom of expression, and democracy. New to this updated edition are chapters reflecting current trends in human rights, including new modules on privacy (such as challenges posed by Internet use), minority rights, and the right to asylum. Translations of the earlier editions already exist in 15 languages, among them all the official United Nations languages. Understanding Human Rights has become a basic text for human rights education and training in different countries, on different levels, and for different audiences, from university lectures in China to NGO training in Mali to police training in Kosovo.
Reconstruction And Cold War In Germany
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Author : Armin Grünbacher
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-28
Reconstruction And Cold War In Germany written by Armin Grünbacher and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-28 with History categories.
At the end of the Second World War Germany was devastated; her cities lay in ruins, industrial output was minimal, the economy was in tatters and her territories divided into four zones, each governed by one of the main Allied powers. Yet the rapid onset of the Cold War ensured that the western powers needed to re-establish a strong West German state to act as a bulwark against Soviet influence. In this study the critical role of the Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) in this process is closely examined. Established by the Anglo-American occupying powers in 1948, the main remit of the KfW was to provide investment for German industry, to help kick-start the economy. Its particular function was to provide loans to key industries that the commercial banks considered too risky or which offered unacceptably low returns. Yet as this study makes clear, its work was from the outset highly politicized, and its role in German reconstruction went much further than simply providing funds for capital investment. Bankrolled mainly by American Marshall Plan counterpart funds, the KfW was viewed in Washington as an essential tool in the wider Western response to the challenges of Soviet communism. As is shown throughout the book, this dual role inevitably caused some difficulties, as national interests could be overridden in favour of Cold War considerations. As Germany's post-war economy revived, this led to further tensions between an increasingly prosperous and self-confident West Germany and the continued interference of the Allied powers, particularly the USA, who had their own Cold War agenda. Utilizing archives in Germany, Britain and the United States, Dr Grünbacher has provided a clear synthesis of this multi-faceted and complex subject. By approaching the economic development of Federal Germany through the locus of the KfW, he offers a fascinating insight into the interactions of economics, politics and ideology that will be welcomed by all scholars with an inte
A History Of Bangladesh
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Author : Willem van Schendel
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-07-02
A History Of Bangladesh written by Willem van Schendel and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-02 with History categories.
A revised and updated edition of Willem van Schendel's state-of-the-art history, revealing the vibrant and colourful past of Bangladesh.
Das Ende Der Kolonialzeit Und Die Welt Von Morgen
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Author : Ludwig Alsdorf
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1961
Das Ende Der Kolonialzeit Und Die Welt Von Morgen written by Ludwig Alsdorf and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1961 with Colonies categories.