Influence Of Marine Derived Nutrients From Spawning Salmon On Aquatic Insect Communities In South East Alaskan Streams
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Influence Of Marine Derived Nutrients From Spawning Salmon On Aquatic Insect Communities In South East Alaskan Streams
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Author : JoAnna Lynn Lessard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Influence Of Marine Derived Nutrients From Spawning Salmon On Aquatic Insect Communities In South East Alaskan Streams written by JoAnna Lynn Lessard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Aquatic insects categories.
Canadian Journal Of Fisheries And Aquatic Sciences
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Canadian Journal Of Fisheries And Aquatic Sciences written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Aquatic sciences categories.
Death And Decomposition In Aquatic Ecosystems
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Author : M. Eric Benbow
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-12-31
Death And Decomposition In Aquatic Ecosystems written by M. Eric Benbow and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-31 with Science categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Carrion Ecology Evolution And Their Applications
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Author : M. Eric Benbow
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-08-18
Carrion Ecology Evolution And Their Applications written by M. Eric Benbow and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-18 with Science categories.
Shortlisted for the 2018 TWS Wildlife Publication Awards in the edited book categoryDecomposition and recycling of vertebrate remains have been understudied, hampered largely due to these processes being aesthetically challenging (e.g., smell and sight). Technological innovations have provided the means to explore new and historically understo
Salmon And Marine Derived Nutrient Effects On Primary And Secondary Trophic Levels
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Author : Shannon M. Claeson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Salmon And Marine Derived Nutrient Effects On Primary And Secondary Trophic Levels written by Shannon M. Claeson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Nutrient cycles categories.
The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of organic material and nutrients from spawning salmon and supplemented salmon carcasses on stream food webs. My study objectives were to examine 1) assimilation of salmon-derived nutrients (SDN) by producers and consumers in the food web, 2) epilithic biofilm productivity, 3) leaf-litter decomposition rates, and 4) benthic insect density and biomass, in areas with and without spawning salmon and also compare these responses downstream and upstream of salmon carcasses. My hypothesis was that production-related measures of organisms that assimilate SDN would increase in response to spawning salmon or added carcasses. Biofilm, leaf-litter, and macroinvertebrate responses to salmon were evaluated during two field studies in the Wind River basin of southwest Washington. The first study (July - November 2002) was observational and compared responses from a reach with spawning Chinook (Onchorhychus tshawytscha) to two reaches upstream of spawning salmon. In the second experiment (July - October 2003), Chinook carcasses were added and retained within three streams in which responses were measured at increasing distances downstream of the salmon (10m, 50m, 150m, and 250m) and compared to responses measured upstream of salmon. Analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes demonstrated that SDN from both naturally spawned salmon and manually added carcasses were incorporated into the stream food webs by epilithic biofilm, most benthic insects (scrapers, collectors, and predators), and juvenile steelhead. However, I was unable to detect changes in primary and secondary production-related measures in response to naturally spawned salmon. This observational study was limited in its design and the carcass-addition experiment in the second year provided greater resolution about secondary consumers and spatially explicit responses. Results from the carcass-addition study showed a non-significant increase in epilithic biofilm chlorophyll a levels in October, but no effect on biofilm ash-free-dry-mass. Leaf decomposition rates in September were significantly faster at one site downstream of added carcasses, but shredding insects did not increase in density or biomass, and shredders did not assimilate SDN. Of the nutrients measured (NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, DON, SRP, DOC), only ammonium increased significantly downstream of added carcasses. Total benthic insect density significantly increased in September whereas total insect biomass was highly variable and no changes were detected. Densities and/or biomass of some scraping (Heptageniidae) and collecting (Chironomidae and Elmidae) benthic insects increased in September and/or October. Predatory insects did not increase in density or biomass, though they did assimilate SDN. These results suggest a potential bottom-up cascade in which increased primary production was reduced by an increase in secondary consumers. In general, benthic responses were highest within 50 m downstream of added carcasses. Salmon-derived nitrogen was observed in epilithic biofilm and some benthic insects collected 150 m downstream of carcasses. The timing of responses varied depending on the mode of consumption. In limnephiled caddis larvae colonizing carcasses, the SDN signal peaked just 2 weeks after carcasses were added. Among insects that indirectly consumed SDN, the signal peaked 2 months post-carcass addition. Benthic insect production peaked 1.5 months after carcasses were added, with most measures returning to background levels one month later. Augmenting streams with salmon carcasses may influence several ecosystem components, but responses may be spatially localized around carcasses and persist for only a short time after carcasses are added.
The Biology Of Disturbed Habitats
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Author : Lawrence R. Walker
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012
The Biology Of Disturbed Habitats written by Lawrence R. Walker and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Science categories.
Providing a global summary of the biology of disturbance ecology, this text offers both the conceptual underpinnings and practical advice required to comprehend and address the unprecedented environmental challenges facing humans. It examines both natural and anthropogenic disturbances in aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
The Influence Of Salmon Derived Nutrients In Coastal Plant Communities
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Author : Allison Dennert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
The Influence Of Salmon Derived Nutrients In Coastal Plant Communities written by Allison Dennert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Ecosystem connectivity, facilitated by resource subsidies and organismal movement, is a significant driver of ecological processes. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) deposit marine-derived nutrient subsidies during spawning events, which can have significant ecological effects on terrestrial species. In this thesis, I study the effects of marine and salmon-derived nutrients on the ecology of coastal plants on the central coast of British Columbia, Canada. In Chapter 2, I investigate the effects of marine subsidies on terrestrial plant growth and reproduction. I conducted a large-scale field experiment involving the addition of pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) carcasses and rockweed (Fucus distichus) to a wildflower meadow. I found that salmon carcass deposition had species and context-dependent effects on estuary plants, with observed increases in foliar nitrogen-15, leaf area, floral display size, and seed set. This suggests that marine nutrients can affect terrestrial plant growth and reproduction. In Chapter 3, I test for the effects of nutrient subsides on plant-pollinator mutualisms by examining floral availability and visits by beneficial insects. Using the field experiment outlined in Chapter 2, I found that salmon carcass deposition has a direct positive effect on floral availability, and an indirect positive effect on the floral visits by insects to those flowers. This work is among the first evidence describing the effects of marine subsidies on plant-pollinator mutualisms. In Chapter 4, I investigate the effects of variation in salmon spawning density in 14 watersheds on the leaf traits of riparian plant species. I found that nutrients from spawning salmon affected the morphology and physiology of these plants, with stronger effects observed in nitrophilic plant species. These results included higher foliar nitrogen-15, larger leaf area, and--in one species--an increase in leaf mass per area on streams with higher spawning density. These findings lend support to a mechanism by which certain plant species are more common on productive salmon streams. Taken together, this work demonstrates that Pacific salmon can have significant impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. These findings highlight the importance of considering the connectivity between ecosystems and the role of marine nutrient subsidies in driving terrestrial ecological processes.
British Columbia S Inland Rainforest
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Author : Susan K. Stevenson
language : en
Publisher: UBC Press
Release Date : 2011-09-01
British Columbia S Inland Rainforest written by Susan K. Stevenson and has been published by UBC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-01 with Nature categories.
The vast temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia are world renowned, but much less is known about the other rainforest located 500 kilometres inland along the western slopes of the interior mountains. The unique integration of continentality and humidity in this region favours the development of lush rainforest communities that incorporate both coastal and boreal elements. This book brings together, for the first time, a broad spectrum of information about the ecology, management, and conservation of this distinctive ecosystem. Accessibly written and generously illustrated, the chapters examine the physical, social, economic, and ecological dimensions of the rainforest. They also look at how the delicate balance of this ecosystem has been threatened by human use and climate change. In the past, governments encouraged the forest industry to clearcut the “decadent” old stands and replace them with rapidly growing young trees of other species. More recently, out of concern for the ecological consequences of such practices, researchers have begun to examine alternative management strategies. This book offers a vision that combines various strategies in order to balance the conservation of the inland rainforest as a fully functioning ecosystem with human use of its diverse resources.
Marine Derived Nutrients In Riverine Ecosystems
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Author : Daniel J. Rinella
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Marine Derived Nutrients In Riverine Ecosystems written by Daniel J. Rinella and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Biological productivity categories.
"Marine-derived nutrients (MDN) delivered by spawning Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) contribute to the productivity of riverine ecosystems. Optimizing methods for measuring MDN assimilation in food webs will foster the development of ecologically based resource management approaches. This dissertation aims to better understand relationships among spawning salmon abundance, biochemical measures of MDN assimilation, and the fitness of stream-dwelling fishes. The goals of my first research chapter were (1) to understand the factors that influence stable isotope ([delta]13C, [delta]15N, and [delta]34S) and fatty acid measures of MDN assimilation in stream and riparian biota, and (2) to examine the ability of these measures to differentiate among sites that vary in spawning salmon biomass. For all biota studied, stable isotopes and fatty acids indicated that MDN assimilation increased with spawner abundance. Among Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), larger individuals assimilated proportionately more MDN. Seasonal effects were detected for aquatic macroinvertebrates and riparian horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile), but not for Dolly Varden. Of all dependent variables, Dolly Varden [delta]15N had the clearest relationship with spawner abundance, making this a good measure for monitoring MDN assimilation. Expanding on these results, two chapters examined potential fisheries management applications. The first sought to identify spawner levels above which stream-dwelling Dolly Varden and coho salmon (O. kisutch) parr cease to gain physiological benefits associated with MDN. RNA-DNA ratios (an index of recent growth rate) and energy density indicated saturation responses where values increased rapidly with spawner abundance up to approximately 1 kg/m2 and then leveled off. In coho salmon parr, energy density and RNA-DNA ratios correlated significantly with [delta]15N. These results show strong linkages between MDN and fish fitness responses, while the saturation points may indicate spawner densities that balance salmon harvest with the ecological benefits of MDN. The second application tested a quick and inexpensive method for estimating, spawning salmon abundance based on [delta]15N in stream-dwelling fishes. Estimates made with coho salmon pair were unbiased, tightly correlated with observed values, and had a mean absolute deviation of 1.4 MT spawner biomass/km. Application of this method would allow estimates of annual escapement to be made on a potentially large number of streams"--Leaves iii-iv.
Benthic Invertebrate Community Measures Among Stream Channel Types Of The Copper River Delta Southcentral Alaska
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Author : Todd C. White
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Benthic Invertebrate Community Measures Among Stream Channel Types Of The Copper River Delta Southcentral Alaska written by Todd C. White and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Benthic animals categories.
The Copper River Delta of Southcentral Alaska is the largest contiguous wetland on the North American Pacific coast, and supports economically important commercial and recreational fisheries for all five species of pacific salmon. Some biological factors influencing salmon populations in the Copper River Delta have been previously investigated, but little effort has been made to establish baseline information on freshwater aquatic communities in the region. In an effort to provide area managers with aquatic community measures for future comparisons, benthic invertebrate community structure was contrasted among twelve streams representing six stream channel types common to the area and important to salmonid development. In general, invertebrate density, taxa richness, and diversity were greatest in channel types designated as high potential for salmonids. Taxonomic and functional feeding group measures show that macroinvertebrate communities of Copper River Delta streams sampled are representative of early (