Innovation In General Purpose Technologies

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Economic Transformations

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Author : Richard G. Lipsey
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2005-11-03

Economic Transformations written by Richard G. Lipsey and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-11-03 with Business & Economics categories.

This book examines the long term economic growth that has raised the West's material living standards to levels undreamed of by counterparts in any previous time or place. The authors argue that this growth has been driven by technological revolutions that have periodically transformed the West's economic, social and political landscape over the last 10,000 years and allowed the West to become, until recently, the world's only dominant technological force. Unique in the diversity of the analytical techniques used, the book begins with a discussion of the causes and consequences of economic growth and technological change. The authors argue that long term economic growth is largely driven by pervasive technologies now known as General Purpose (GPTs). They establish an alternative to the standard growth models that use an aggregate production function and then introduce the concept of GPTs, complete with a study of how these technologies have transformed the West since the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution. Early modern science is given more importance than in most other treatments and the 19th century demographic revolution is studied with a combination of formal models of population dynamics and historical analysis. The authors argue that once sustained growth was established in the West, formal models can shed much light on its subsequent behaviour. They build non-conventional, dynamic, non-stationary equilibrium models of GPT-driven growth that incorporate a range of phenomena that their historical studies show to be important but which are excluded from other GPT models in the interests of analytical tractability. The book concludes with a study of the policy implications that follow from their unique approach.

Handbook Of The Economics Of Innovation

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Author : Bronwyn H. Hall
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2010-05-14

Handbook Of The Economics Of Innovation written by Bronwyn H. Hall and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-14 with Business & Economics categories.

Economists examine the genesis of technological change and the ways we commercialize and diffuse it. The economics of property rights and patents, in addition to industry applications, are also surveyed through literature reviews and predictions about fruitful research directions. Two volumes, available as a set or sold separately - Expert articles consider the best ways to establish optimal incentives in technological progress - Science and innovation, both their theories and applications, are examined at the intersections of the marketplace, policy, and social welfare - Economists are only part of an audience that includes attorneys, educators, and anyone involved in new technologies

The Economics Of Artificial Intelligence

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Author : Ajay Agrawal
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2024-03-14

The Economics Of Artificial Intelligence written by Ajay Agrawal and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-14 with Business & Economics categories.

A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.

Markets For Technology

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Author : Ashish Arora
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2004-01-30

Markets For Technology written by Ashish Arora and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-30 with Business & Economics categories.

The past two decades have seen a gradual but noticeable change in the economic organization of innovative activity. Most firms used to integrate research and development with activities such as production, marketing, and distribution. Today firms are forming joint ventures, research and development alliances, licensing deals, and a variety of other outsourcing arrangements with universities, technology-based start-ups, and other established firms. In many industries, a division of innovative labor is emerging, with a substantial increase in the licensing of existing and prospective technologies. In short, technology and knowledge are becoming definable and tradable commodities. Although researchers have made significant advances in understanding the determinants and consequences of innovation, until recently they have paid little attention to how innovation functions as an economic process. This book examines the nature and workings of markets for intermediate technological inputs. It looks first at how industry structure, the nature of knowledge, and intellectual property rights facilitate the development of technology markets. It then examines the impacts of these markets on firm boundaries, the division of labor within the economy, industry structure, and economic growth. Finally, it examines the implications of this framework for public policy and corporate strategy. Combining theoretical perspectives from economics and management with empirical analysis, the book also draws on historical evidence and case studies to flesh out its research results.

Innovation In General Purpose Technologies How Knowledge Gains When It Is Shared

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Author : Nina Teichert
language : en
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Release Date : 2013

Innovation In General Purpose Technologies How Knowledge Gains When It Is Shared written by Nina Teichert and has been published by KIT Scientific Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business categories.

This book tackles the different aspects of the creation and transmission of knowledge in the context of the characteristics of a general purpose technology. Nanotechnology is investigated as showcase example. Particular emphasis is put on the role of the composition of knowledge as well as the corresponding knowledge spillovers on the one hand and on the concrete impact of collaboration and knowledge sharing in innovator networks on the other hand.

Wired For Innovation

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Author : Erik Brynjolfsson
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2013-02-08

Wired For Innovation written by Erik Brynjolfsson and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-08 with Business & Economics categories.

Two experts on the information economy explore the true economic value of technology and innovation. A wave of business innovation is driving the productivity resurgence in the U.S. economy. In Wired for Innovation, Erik Brynjolfsson and Adam Saunders describe how information technology directly or indirectly created this productivity explosion, reversing decades of slow growth. They argue that the companies with the highest level of returns to their technology investment are doing more than just buying technology; they are inventing new forms of organizational capital to become digital organizations. These innovations include a cluster of organizational and business-process changes, including broader sharing of information, decentralized decision-making, linking pay and promotions to performance, pruning of non-core products and processes, and greater investments in training and education. Innovation continues through booms and busts. This book provides an essential guide for policy makers and economists who need to understand how information technology is transforming the economy and how it will create value in the coming decade.

Inside The Black Box

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Author : Nathan Rosenberg
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1982

Inside The Black Box written by Nathan Rosenberg and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Business & Economics categories.

The purpose of Professor Rosenberg's work is to break open and examine the contents of the black box.

Public Technology Procurement And Innovation

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Author : Charles Edquist
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2000

Public Technology Procurement And Innovation written by Charles Edquist and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.

Public Technology Procurement and Innovation studies public technology procurement as an instrument of innovation policy. In the past few years, public technology procurement has been a relatively neglected topic in the theoretical and research literature on the economics of innovation. Similarly, preoccupation with `supply-side' measures has led policy-makers to avoid making very extensive use of this important `demand-side' instrument. These trends have been especially pronounced in the European Union. There, as this book will argue, existing legislation governing public procurement presents obstacles to the use of public technology procurement as a means of stimulating and supporting technological innovation. Recently, however, there has been a gradual re-awakening of practical interest in such measures among policy-makers in the EU and elsewhere. For these and other related measures, this volume aims to contribute to a serious reconsideration of public technology procurement from the complementary standpoints of innovation theory and innovation policy.

Studies On Science And The Innovation Process

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Author : Nathan Rosenberg
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated
Release Date : 2010

Studies On Science And The Innovation Process written by Nathan Rosenberg and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.

Science and technology have become increasingly intertwined in the twentieth century. However, little attention has been paid to the forces that have brought about this phenomena. Indeed, many writers have taken it for granted that causality always runs from science to technology. In this ground-breaking book, Rosenberg's research suggests that history and empirical evidence lead to a reality that is far more complex and interesting. Here, Rosenberg's papers cover a wide range of topics, especially those connected with the innovative process, including electric power, electronics, medicine, chemistry, engineering disciplines, scientific instrumentation, industrial research, and universities considered as economic institutions.

General Purpose Technologies And Economic Growth

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Author : Elhanan Helpman
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1998

General Purpose Technologies And Economic Growth written by Elhanan Helpman and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Business & Economics categories.

Traditionally, economists have considered the accumulation of conventional inputs such as labour and capital to be the primary force behind economic growth. In the late-1990s however, many economists place technological progress at the centre of the growth process. This shift is due to theoretical developments that allow researchers to link microeconomic outcomes.