Institutional Change In Turkey
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Institutional Change In Turkey
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Author : L. Piran
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-09-12
Institutional Change In Turkey written by L. Piran and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-12 with Political Science categories.
How do state institutions reform themselves in the face of outside pressures? This study undertakes an in-depth analysis of the institutional and human rights reform process within the Turkish National Police, which faces pressure from the EU as part of Turkey's EU membership process, and examines the challenges and consequences of the process.
Understanding The Process Of Economic Change In Turkey
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Author : Tamer Çetin
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2010
Understanding The Process Of Economic Change In Turkey written by Tamer Çetin and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Economics categories.
The institutional endowment of a country determines government's regulatory choices, the public policies, incentives, and the direction of economic activities in the country and the level of the economic efficiency. The authors use this conceptual framework introduced by Levy and Spiller (1996) to examine how institutional endowment in Turkey influence economic and political structure. In this context, most elements of institutional endowments in Turkey are common to all sectors and reforms, (namely, legislative and executive institutions, nature of the judicial system, bureaucratic structure). They also observe the political economy of the change in Turkey. For that reason, they observe similarities and differences in the contests among groups with divergent interests for the different policy changes and reforms processes. Thus, they introduce a crucial guide for scholars, researchers, and investors around the world about the political and economic structure in Turkey
Neoliberal Globalization And Institutional Reform
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Author : Sadik Ünay
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2006
Neoliberal Globalization And Institutional Reform written by Sadik Ünay and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Business & Economics categories.
This book represents the manifestation of a long-term effort to explore the multifaceted impact of neo-liberal globalisation on institutional reform in the developing world, with special reference to the transformation trajectory of State Planning Organisation in Turkey. Analytically, it strives to locate the in-depth analysis of Turkish development planning and the changing fortunes of the State Planning Organisation within the broader context of the 'states versus markets' debate in the political economy literature in order to assess the technical viability and institutional manifestations of development planning under the profound and ever increasing pressures of globalisation. To this end, a comparative institutional theoretical framework is adopted which engages critically with the neo-classical/neo-liberal approach to macroeconomic policy making, and gauges the potential influence of domestic institutional structures in generating effective responses to changes in global economy.
Understanding The Process Of Economic Change In Turkey
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Author : Tamer Cetin
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2014-05-14
Understanding The Process Of Economic Change In Turkey written by Tamer Cetin and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-14 with Economics categories.
State Institutions And Reform In Turkey After July 15
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Author : Bülent Aras
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
State Institutions And Reform In Turkey After July 15 written by Bülent Aras and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Public administration categories.
Institutional Change In The Turkish Energy Markets
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Author : Tamer Çetin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Institutional Change In The Turkish Energy Markets written by Tamer Çetin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
By enacting the Electricity Market Law in February 2001 and the Natural Gas Market Law in May 2001, respectively, Turkey began reforming the institutional environment of the Turkish energy industry. The aim was to unbundle the state-owned monopolistic structures of the markets by separating vertically. The new legal structure has de jure changed the pre-reform institutional structure of the energy markets. In other words, the legal change has aimed to introduce competition to the Turkish energy industry. In order to ensure this objective, as an independent regulatory agency with full regulatory discretions over both the electricity market and the natural gas market, Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) was established. In this context, the chapter aims to review the process of institutional change and to assess the current institutional issues in the energy markets of Turkey.
Examining Sources Of Conflicts Behind Institutional Change
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Author : Umit Sonmez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Examining Sources Of Conflicts Behind Institutional Change written by Umit Sonmez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
An observed tendency in the study of market and regulatory reforms in the developing countries is to reproduce a dichotomy between the economic rationality of the market and political irrationality of the policy-makers who constantly reverse the reform processes, which are likely to undermine their support base. Such perspectives do neglect diverse achievements of politicians apart from their failures and do not grasp how reform processes created new conflicts and unintended consequences, which cannot be evaluated by using a pre-determined, ideal typical concept of neoliberal reform. In fact, the source of reforms, their differential implementation and actual effects are very complex phenomena, which cannot be reduced to monocausal simplistic analysis. Three decades of neoliberal reforms enable a limited but still possible longitudinal analysis than it was the case before. Rather than deducing explanations from the essentialist assumptions about politicians' behaviours, research should focus on deeper historical inquiry into single cases towards comparative historical induction, before reaching new generalizations. This paper contributes to such an effort and proposes to examine the complex internal evolution and historical trajectory of neoliberal reforms in Turkey as a key to understand types of resistance and conflicts with respect to current regulatory reforms.yThe paper gives a brief overview of the political economy of market reforms since the beginning of the 1980s. It argues that the specific implementation of market reforms in Turkey created a set of vested interests in specific ad-hoc institutional configurations. Rather than eliminating the old structures, the government set up ad-hoc and parallel institutions, which created their own interests but did not attempt at drastic regulatory reform. Only in the aftermath of 1999 financial crisis the government had to establish, under the supervision of the World Bank and IMF, a set of politically insulated independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in different sectors to regulate the markets. However, the practical implementation and effects of those institutional changes became a conflict-ridden process between the government, private interests and international agencies so that the actual outcome of regulatory reform in different sectors became contingent on bargaining between those actors. Since it is difficult to assess the actual consequences of the regulatory reform, which is still an ongoing process, the paper focuses on the negotiations during the practical implementation of new laws and rules, which established those new institutions in the Turkish administrative structure. The main argument of the paper is that the conflicts between different actors and struggles over the form and content of regulatory reform have their roots in the earlier market reforms: The interests vested in the institutional structures of the 1980s and 1990s started blocking or re-shaping, if not fully reversing, the type of institutional change formulated by the World Bank and IMF. Therefore none of the reforms were implemented in their pure and ideal forms. In that sense, the paper can be also read as an attempt to answer the broader question of how a complex institutional configuration reacts to new organizations and rules, which aim at altering its initial coordinates.
Institutional Change In The Turkish Social Assistance System
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Author : Duygu Sonat
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021*
Institutional Change In The Turkish Social Assistance System written by Duygu Sonat and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021* with categories.
Turkey And The European Union Reforms
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Author : Leila Piran
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Turkey And The European Union Reforms written by Leila Piran and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with European Union countries categories.
This dissertation explores the underlying reasons for Turkish National Police's internal reform in the early 1980s. Since the EU granted Turkey candidacy status in 1999, Turkey has had to implement a wide array of political reforms including human rights and democratization. Within-case comparison, comparative historical analysis, and process tracing methods were utilized to evaluate the evolution of TNP from the Ottoman era until present, taking into account changes and continuities over a long period of time. Field research including interviews and questionnaire responses from academics, civil society actors, political party deputies, and police officers was conducted in 2007 and 2008. Research findings indicate that many of the reforms were domestically initiated and then enhanced by EU's demands in the aftermath of the 1999 Helsinki Summit. Moreover, order is a necessary and sufficient precondition to police reform. The TNP has transformed itself into a professional force under the watchful eye of the military at the time when Turkey-EU relations were most tumultuous. Security challenges to Turkish sovereignty such as the PKK insurgency and terrorism presented the TNP the opportunity to become an active player in the Turkish state system.
Insight Turkey Summer 2019 Turkey In A Changing World
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Author : SETA
language : de
Publisher: SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi
Release Date : 2019-09-01
Insight Turkey Summer 2019 Turkey In A Changing World written by SETA and has been published by SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-01 with Comics & Graphic Novels categories.
Since the end of the Cold War, the world system has been going through a comprehensive transformation. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States has remained the only superpower in the world, which began to behave as the only hegemon and accordingly pursued unilateral policies towards other international actors. The U.S. considers most global developments and international institutions established by the U.S. as detrimental for the continuation of its global hegemony; therefore, it started to undermine international norms, principles, and rules. The U.S. faces difficulties in maintaining order at both global and regional levels. Eventually, other global powers and regional actors began to follow different, if not conflictual, policy orientations and to play their own games. As a regional actor who wants to play a global role, similar to other global actors, Turkey has been undertaking foreign policy initiatives under the AK Party government over the past two decades. However, there are too many global challenges as well as regional crises for Turkey to overcome. One such instance being that Turkey was forced to redefine its relations with its Western allies. More importantly, the U.S. has decided to redefine its relations with all of its partners, including Turkey. Therefore, one of the first challenges for Turkey to overcome is the resistance against the American otherization. Russia and China have created alternatives to international institutions established with the American initiative and invite other countries to be a part of these alternative institutions. Turkey also, at least tactically, chose to be a part of some of these platforms, a move which is not welcomed by Western countries. On the other hand, there are many regional crises such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the Syrian crisis, and the state failures in the Middle East which have significant implications for the domestic and foreign policy of Turkey. Turkey has recently begun to establish different institutions and initiated different processes in order to be able to undertake international responsibilities. Besides traditional actors, new institutions such as the Yunus Emre Institute (YEE, established in 2007), the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD, established in 2009), and the Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities (YTB, established in 2010); had also restructured institutions such as the Turkish Crescent, Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TİKA, established in 1992), and the Diyanet Foundation (TDV, established in 1975), emerged as influential actors of Turkey’s soft power in its foreign policy implementation. Eventually Turkey became one of the leading countries in the world for providing developmental and humanitarian aid to the less developed countries. After years of high growth rates and rapid economic development, Turkey had reclaimed more of its independence within its foreign policy and began to act as a more autonomous actor. Throughout the long-term political stability of the AK Party government, Turkey redefined its bilateral relations with both global and regional players. As a member of some significant international platforms such as the NATO and the G20, Turkey positioned itself into a new global role and attempted to develop an alternative inclusive political discourse. Today, Turkey is taken into consideration within the global balance-of-power calculations as a regional power and as a game-changing actor. This new issue of Insight Turkey highlights some of the various regional developments around Turkey and discuss various movements of new actors and instruments, crises and progresses, from economy to culture, and how Turkey responds to these ever-changing regional dilemmas. This issue aims to enlighten readers about ongoing current events with three commentaries, five articles, and five off-topic pieces devoted to discussing these issues more in depth. As observed by careful voyeurs of the changing international system, Turkey positions itself advantageously as a pillar of strength with a global voice to be heard. Burhanettin Duran invites us into the discussion with a masterplan of President Erdogan’s foreign diplomacy and how a new chapter has emerged to further a practical, humanitarian-focused, but militarily strong Turkey through the various international challenges it continues to face. Faruk Kaymakcı enlightens us on how the European Parliamentary Elections were avidly followed by the Turkish public, who are eagerly hoping that this could be the beginning of much needed repairs for European-Turkish relations. The challenge of attaining EU membership being one of the ongoing unresolved topics was particularly focused upon, with the hope that European political changes can mean positive change for Turkey. Meanwhile Muharrem Kılıç highlights that it is not just Europe with ongoing political changes as Turkey itself has made a complete overhaul on their judicial system. Capturing a snapshot of a large judicial reform package highlights a shift to modernize and update the judicial progress of Turkey to one compatible with domestic and international affairs. This move had won praise from all parties within Turkey, and the result of which sees a legal aligning closer to Europe. Also calling for change but within the economic realm would be Mehmet Bulut and Cem Korkut who bring us back to how old Ottoman cash waqfs (foundations) can provide modern solutions for the difficult financial times the world faces. Bringing back an alternative to capitalism, and reintroducing an older system that had worked for over 500 years, cash waqfs provide protection to the individual ensuring equilibrium between the state, system, and the individual. This protection thus served better for humanity with its poverty reduction and partnership models, helped pioneer the microcredit mechanism the world has ever started to rely on. Federico Donelli focuses on a relatively new dimension of Turkish foreign policy and reminisces on how foreign policy is rather a cultural affair. National branding and the use of culture as a diplomatic tool are seen as successful outlets of an emerging soft power. Turkey, being a modern example of broadcasting its image globally, utilizing its own high-culture and pop-culture to try to shift its international position, despite external circumstances trying to paint another picture. As an example of a sub-governmental actor in Turkish foreign policy, Erman Akıllı and Bengü Çelenk emphasize the increasing effectiveness of TİKA and highlight that foreign aid can be a fine example of a nation branding tool. Turkey outstretching itself into the global realm allows us to examine TİKA as one of the largest successes that revitalizes the spirit of pre-war Turkey creating a peace-belt diplomatically among many diverse nations. Advocating truthfulness, global power, and generosity, TİKA is bustling with positive bilateral relations, proving an international success of Turkey’s charitable image. Abdurrahman Babacan focuses on the consolidation of democracy in Turkey during the AK Party period and takes us on a journey into the core of AK Party political maneuvers especially within its first two election periods. Detailing the ebbs and flows of democracy building in a world where priorities need to be met from the internal minorities, its military factor, and to the external expectations of the EU. Thus, ushering Turkey into a new positive course and pushing human rights to the forefront, while modernizing the legal system despite various domestic setbacks from terrorist groups ISIS, PKK, and FETÖ all within the same time span. There is no doubt the importance energy has played amongst Turkey’s highest priorities these days, and Remziye Yılmaz-Bozkuş explores this importance among Turkey’s relationship with the Black Sea Energy Cooperation (BSEC). Its framework stretching beyond energy into various political sectors has made for a diverse agenda of difficult decision-making. Though being the most active negotiator amongst its regional partners, Turkey lends hope that the BSEC can be a stability factor within this region of former rivals despite numerous limitations and economical shortcomings the organization faces. One of the two off-topic commentaries focusing on regional actors, Mohammed Nuruzzaman showcases a new regional challenger in the case of Saudi Arabia. Creating a new type of foreign policy, aggressive, and proactive in response to a growing Iran contrasts the pro-democratic leanings of the region. Critiquing what is called the “Salman Doctrine,” for its lack of success in diplomacy and military affairs, due mainly to its lack of strategy. While Saudi Arabia intends to diversify away from its reliance on oil and modernize through a grand strategy, regional stability will be the price that pays for it. In the other off-topic commentary, Shamkhal Abilov and Beyrak Hajiyev bring us to Azerbaijan and the importance neutrality can really play when in the middle of diverse great powers and how Azerbaijan neutrality can actually be an advantage for the EU. What threatens this balanced policy is the U.S. withdrawal in the region and the power vacuum that will persist in the region. Whether Azerbaijan is able to protect itself and remain neutral is a hard-hitting speculation offered. The remaining three articles focus on various issues in international politics. H. Sonmez Atesoglu develops a model calling attention as to how vital economic power is for international security and where that power comes from initially. The recipe for building international security goes in depth about the interplay of economics, trade, maximizing military power, population and technical capabilities. From the Black Sea region a success story brings us to Radka Havlova and Zbyněk Dubský who take us to Ukraine to discuss strategic culture and conflict resolution and how instrumental the OSCE was for de-escalating the East Ukrainian conflict. Resolving a lot of the nuances that anarchical international systems often create lead to a collaborative strategic culture of nations lead by commonality, inclusivity and interconnected security. Alper Çakmak and M. Ali Sevgi conclude our journal with a holistic Muslim migration analysis touching upon the importance of language and the ongoing struggle for identity among four Turkish migrants who had gone to Germany for varying reasons. Following them with an anthropological approach to discover the inner depth of hardship and experience that goes into being an outlander. We are confident that this issue of Insight Turkey entitled as “Turkey in a Changing World: Responses to Domestic and Regional Dynamics” will provide timely analyses about Turkey’s new instruments and actors of foreign policy, and about different issue areas of international politics.