Integrated Liquid Cooling With Heat Reuse
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Integrated Liquid Cooling With Heat Reuse
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Author : Severin Zimmermann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Integrated Liquid Cooling With Heat Reuse written by Severin Zimmermann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Thermosyphon Cooler Hybrid System For Water Savings In An Energy Efficient Hpc Data Center Results From 24 Months And The Impact On Water Usage Effectiveness
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Thermosyphon Cooler Hybrid System For Water Savings In An Energy Efficient Hpc Data Center Results From 24 Months And The Impact On Water Usage Effectiveness written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
In August 2016, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) installed a thermosyphon hybrid cooling system to reduce water usage in its already extremely energy-efficient High-Performance Computing (HPC) Data Center. In its first year of use, the system saved 4,400 m3 (1.16 million gal) of water, and 7,950 m3 (2.10 million gal) during a 2-year period, cutting the use of water in the data center by about one-half. NREL's 930-m2 (10,000-ft2) HPC Data Center is often called the most energy-efficient data center in the world: it has achieved a trailing 12-month average power usage effectiveness of 1.034, and it features a chiller-less design, component-level warm-water liquid cooling, and waste heat capture and reuse. NREL considered the amount of water used by the cooling towers to be counter to the laboratory's sustainability mission, so a team of researchers from NREL, Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia), and Johnson Controls integrated the BlueStream thermosyphon cooler (TSC) - an advanced dry cooler that uses refrigerant in a passive cycle to dissipate heat - on the roof of NREL's Energy Systems Integration Facility, the building that houses the HPC Data Center. In combination with the existing cooling towers, the TSC forms an extremely water- and cost-efficient cooling system. In its first year of operation, on-site water usage effectiveness (WUE) was 0.70 L/kWh. In comparison, the WUE would be 1.27 L/kWh if NREL had continued using only heat-recovery and cooling towers. This on-site water savings was accomplished without negatively impacting the energy-efficient operation of the HPC Data Center. The TSC system technology has the potential for application in data centers around the world, and it is currently being implemented by Sandia. center by about one-half. NREL's 930-m2 (10,000-ft2) HPC Data Center is often called the most energy-efficient data center in the world: it has achieved a trailing 12-month average power usage effectiveness of 1.034, and it features a chiller-less design, component-level warm-water liquid cooling, and waste heat capture and reuse. NREL considered the amount of water used by the cooling towers to be counter to the laboratory's sustainability mission, so a team of researchers from NREL, Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia), and Johnson Controls integrated the BlueStream thermosyphon cooler (TSC) - an advanced dry cooler that uses refrigerant in a passive cycle to dissipate heat - on the roof of NREL's Energy Systems Integration Facility, the building that houses the HPC Data Center. In combination with the existing cooling towers, the TSC forms an extremely water- and cost-efficient cooling system. In its first year of operation, on-site water usage effectiveness (WUE) was 0.70 L/kWh. In comparison, the WUE would be 1.27 L/kWh if NREL had continued using only heat-recovery and cooling towers. This on-site water savings was accomplished without negatively impacting the energy-efficient operation of the HPC Data Center. The TSC system technology has the potential for application in data centers around the world, and it is currently being implemented by Sandia.
Integrated Industrial Wastewater Reuse By Heat Recovery
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Author : Yaroslav Chudnovsky
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Integrated Industrial Wastewater Reuse By Heat Recovery written by Yaroslav Chudnovsky and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Energy consumption categories.
Thermosyphon Cooler Hybrid System For Water Savings In An Energy Efficient Hpc Data Center Modeling And Installation Preprint
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Thermosyphon Cooler Hybrid System For Water Savings In An Energy Efficient Hpc Data Center Modeling And Installation Preprint written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The Thermosyphon Cooler Hybrid System (TCHS) integrates the control of a dry heat rejection device, the thermosyphon cooler (TSC), with an open cooling tower. A combination of equipment and controls, this new heat rejection system embraces the 'smart use of water,' using evaporative cooling when it is most advantageous and then saving water and modulating toward increased dry sensible cooling as system operations and ambient weather conditions permit. Innovative fan control strategies ensure the most economical balance between water savings and parasitic fan energy. The unique low-pressure-drop design of the TSC allows water to be cooled directly by the TSC evaporator without risk of bursting tubes in subfreezing ambient conditions. Johnson Controls partnered with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Sandia National Laboratories to deploy the TSC as a test bed at NREL's high-performance computing (HPC) data center in the first half of 2016. Located in NREL's Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF), this HPC data center has achieved an annualized average power usage effectiveness rating of 1.06 or better since 2012. Warm-water liquid cooling is used to capture heat generated by computer systems direct to water; that waste heat is either reused as the primary heat source in the ESIF building or rejected using evaporative cooling. This data center is the single largest source of water and power demand on the NREL campus, using about 7,600 m3 (2.0 million gal) of water during the past year with an hourly average IT load of nearly 1 MW (3.4 million Btu/h) -- so dramatically reducing water use while continuing efficient data center operations is of significant interest. Because Sandia's climate is similar to NREL's, this new heat rejection system being deployed at NREL has gained interest at Sandia. Sandia's data centers utilize an hourly average of 8.5 MW (29 million Btu/h) and are also one of the largest consumers of water on Sandia's site. In addition to describing the installation of the TSC and its integration into the ESIF, this paper focuses on the full heat rejection system simulation program used for hourly analysis of the energy and water consumption of the complete system under varying operating scenarios. A follow-up paper will detail the test results. The evaluation of the TSC's performance at NREL will also determine a path forward at Sandia for possible deployment in a large-scale system not only for data center use but also possibly site wide.
Liquid Cooling Guidelines For Datacom Equipment Centers
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Ashrae
Release Date : 2006
Liquid Cooling Guidelines For Datacom Equipment Centers written by and has been published by Ashrae this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Buildings categories.
Dual unitsData center IT equipment today is predominantly air cooled. However, with rack heat loads steadily climbing, the ability for many data centers to deliver either adequate airflow rates or sufficient chilled air is now being stretched to the limit. These trends in the heat load generated from IT equipment can have detrimental side effects, such as decresed equipment availability, wasted floor space, and inefficient cooling system operation. This situation is creating a need for implementing liquid cooling solutions. The overall goals of the liquid implementations include aspects such as trasferring as much waste heat to the facility liquid cooling loop as possible, reducing the overall volume of airflow needed by the racks, and reducing processor temperatures such that increased compute performance can be achieved.This book on liquid cooling is divided into six chapters and includes definitions for liquid and air cooling as it applies to the IT equipment, describing the various liquid loops that can exist in a building that houses a data center. It also provides the reader an overview of the chilled-water and condenser water systems and an overview of datacom equipment cooling options. The book also bridges the liquid cooling systems by providing guidelines on the interface requirements between the chilled-water system and the technology cooling system and outlines the requirements of those liquid-cooled systems that attach to a datacom electronics rack and are implemented to aid in data center thermal management.This book is the fourth in a series of datacom books published by ASHRAE and authored by TC 9.9, Mission Critical Facilities, Technology Spaces, and Electronic Equipment. The other books, listed in order of publication, are Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments, Datacom Equipment Power Data center IT equipment today is predominantly air cooled. However, with rack heat loads steadily climbing, the ability for many data centers to deliver either adequate airflow rates or sufficient chilled air is now being stretched to the limit. These trends in the heat load generated from IT equipment can have detrimental side effects, such as decresed equipment availability, wasted floor space, and inefficient cooling system operation. This situation is creating a need for implementing liquid cooling solutions. The overall goals of the liquid implementations include aspects such as trasferring as much waste heat to the facility liquid cooling loop as possible, reducing the overall volume of airflow needed by the racks, and reducing processor temperatures such that increased compute performance can be achieved.This book on liquid cooling is divided into six chapters and includes definitions for liquid and air cooling as it applies to the IT equipment, describing the various liquid loops that can exist in a building that houses a data center. It also provides the reader an overview of the chilled-water and condenser water systems and an overview of datacom equipment cooling options. The book also bridges the liquid cooling systems by providing guidelines on the interface requirements between the chilled-water system and the technology cooling system and outlines the requirements of those liquid-cooled systems that attach to a datacom electronics rack and are implemented to aid in data center thermal management.This book is the fourth in a series of datacom books published by ASHRAE and authored by TC 9.9, Mission Critical Facilities, Technology Spaces, and Electronic Equipment. The other books, listed in order of publication, are Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments, Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling Applications, and Design Considerations for Datacom Equipment Centers.
Integrated And Hybrid Process Technology For Water And Wastewater Treatment
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Author : Abdul Wahab Mohammad
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-08-25
Integrated And Hybrid Process Technology For Water And Wastewater Treatment written by Abdul Wahab Mohammad and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-25 with Science categories.
Tackling the issue of water and wastewater treatment nowadays requires novel approaches to ensure that sustainable development can be achieved. Water and wastewater treatment should not be seen only as an end-of-pipe solution but instead the approach should be more holistic and lead to a more sustainable process. This requires the integration of various methods/processes to obtain the most optimized design. Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses the state-of-the-art development in integrated and hybrid treatment processes and their applications to the treatment of a vast variety of water and wastewater sources. The approaches taken in this book are categorized as (i) resources recovery and consumption, (ii) optimal performance, (iii) physical and environmental footprints, (iv) zero liquid discharge concept and are (v) regulation-driven. Through these categories, readers will see how such an approach could benefit the water and wastewater industry. Each chapter discusses challenges and prospects of an integrated treatment process in achieving sustainable development. This book serves as a platform to provide ideas and to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale research and practical industry application. Includes comprehensive coverage on integrated and hybrid technology for water and wastewater treatment Takes a new approach in looking at how water and wastewater treatment contributes to sustainable development Provides future direction of research in sustainable water and wastewater treatment
Process Integration Of Complex Cooling Water Systems
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Author : Khunedi Vincent Gololo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Process Integration Of Complex Cooling Water Systems written by Khunedi Vincent Gololo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Cooling water systems are generally designed with a set of heat exchangers arranged in parallel. This arrangement results in higher cooling water flowrate and low cooling water return temperature thus reducing cooling tower efficiency. Previous research on cooling water systems has focused mainly on heat exchanger network thus excluding the interaction between heat exchanger network and the cooling towers. The studies completed on cooling water system in which the interaction between the cooling tower and the heat exchanger network was taken into consideration were limited to systems with single cooling tower. The main aim of this study was to develop a design methodology for synthesis and optimization of cooling water systems with multiple cooling towers. The design intends to debottleneck the cooling towers by reducing the circulating water flowrate. The study focuses mainly on cooling systems consisting of multiple cooling towers that supply a common set of heat exchangers. In this work the mathematical optimization technique was developed for optimization and synthesis of cooling water system. The heat exchanger network was synthesized using the mathematical optimization technique. This technique is based on superstructure in which all opportunities for cooling water reuse are explored. The cooling tower model was used to predict the thermal performance of the cooling towers while taking the thermal conditions of the associated heat exchanger network into account. The propose technique debotlleneck the cooling towers by decreasing the circulating water flowrate. This implies that a given set of cooling towers can manage an increased heat load. From the case studies, 22% decrease in circulating water flowrate was realized. The blowdown and makeup were also decreased by 7%. Furthermore, the cooling tower effectiveness was also improved by 4%. A decrease in the overall circulation water has an added benefit of decreasing the overall power consumption of the circulating pumps. There is also a potential for the reduction of makeup and blowdown water flowrate.
Microchannel Liquid Cooling System For High Heat Flux Integrated Circuits
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Author : Shahi Riaz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Microchannel Liquid Cooling System For High Heat Flux Integrated Circuits written by Shahi Riaz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Liquid Cooling For Data Centers
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Author : Charles Nehme
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2023-01-20
Liquid Cooling For Data Centers written by Charles Nehme and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-20 with categories.
Liquid cooling for data centers is a technological solution that helps keep computer hardware and other electronic devices running at optimal temperatures. It helps reduce costs associated with energy consumption by cooling the data center's internal environment without the need for traditional air conditioning systems. Liquid cooling systems are built with a variety of components, including heat exchangers, pumps, hoses, and cooling towers. These components work together to exchange the heat generated from the components in the data center with a coolant, such as water or a refrigerant. The coolant is then cycled through the system and released into the environment, cooling the system and providing a more consistent temperature for the data center. Liquid cooling solutions provide an efficient and cost-effective means for data centers to maintain their optimal temperature and reduce the amount of energy required to run the system.
Analysis Synthesis And Optimization Of Complex Cooling Water Systems
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Author : Khunedi Vincent Gololo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Analysis Synthesis And Optimization Of Complex Cooling Water Systems written by Khunedi Vincent Gololo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Cooling towers categories.
Cooling water systems are used to remove excess heat from a chemical process to the atmosphere. The primary components of these systems are the cooling tower and the heat exchanger network. There is a strong interaction between these individual components, thus their performances are interrelated. Most published research in this area has focused mainly on optimization of the individual components i.e. optimization of heat exchanger network or optimization of the cooling towers. This approach does not optimize the cooling water system as a whole. Previous research work in which a holistic approach was used is limited to cooling water systems with single cooling water source. This work presents a technique for integrated optimization of complex cooling water systems. The system under consideration consists of multiple cooling towers each supplying a set of heat exchangers. A superstructural approach is employed to explore all possible combinations between the heat exchangers and the cooling towers. The cooling water reuse opportunities within the heat exchanger networks are also explored. A detailed mathematical model consisting of the cooling towers and the heat exchanger networks model is developed. Two practical scenarios are considered and the mathematical formulations for Case I and II yield nonlinear programing (NLP) and mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) structure respectively. Although the reuse/recycle philosophy offers a good debottlenecking opportunity, the topology of the associated cooling water network is more complex, hence prone to higher pressure drop than the conventional parallel design. This is due to an increased network pressure drop associated with additional reuse/recycle streams. Therefore, it is essential to consider pressure drop during the synthesis of cooling water networks where the reuse/recycle philosophy is employed. The on-going research in this area is only limited to cooling water networks consisting of a single cooling water source. The common technique used is mathematical optimization using either superstructural or non superstructural approach. This work further presents a mathematical technique for pressure drop optimization in cooling water systems consisting of multiple cooling towers. The proposed technique is based on the Critical Path Algorithm and the superstructural approach. The Critical Path Algorithm is used to select the cooling water network with minimum pressure drop whilst the superstructural approach allows for cooling water reuse. The technique which was previously used in a cooling water network with single source is modified and applied in a cooling water network with multiple sources. The mathematical formulation is developed considering two cases. Both cases yield mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) models. The cooling tower model is also used to predict the exit condition of the cooling tower given the inlet conditions from the cooling water network model. The results show up to 29% decrease in total circulating cooling water flowrate when the cooling water system is debottlenecked without considering pressure drop. Consequently, the overall cooling towers effectiveness was improved by up to 5%. When considering pressure drop the results showed up to 26% decrease in total circulating water flowrate.