Integrated Silicon Photonic Optical Phased Array For Free Space Optical Interconnect
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Integrated Silicon Photonic Optical Phased Array For Free Space Optical Interconnect
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Author : Francis A. Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Integrated Silicon Photonic Optical Phased Array For Free Space Optical Interconnect written by Francis A. Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
"Integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) are rapidly becoming one of the most promising technologies for future light detection and ranging (LIDAR) applications, thanks to their advantages in size, weight, and power consumption as compared to conventional solutions. Large-scale OPAs can leverage high integration densities of electronic-photonic integrated circuit technology to generate finer beamwidth, better beamsteering control, and higher optical power. Free-space optical interconnects (FSOI) are emerging as an attractive alternative to planar electrical interconnects for inter- and intra-chip data communications. By leveraging the third dimension above the chip surface, FSOI solutions can offer higher bandwidth density compared to on-chip, waveguide-based solutions. Through 3-D integration, low cost, CMOS-compatible, silicon photonic FSOI systems for high performance data center communications are within reach. The versatility of integrated OPAs can address the accurate alignment requirements of such systems to ensure robust link performance. At optical frequencies, the conventional design of phased arrays relies on the Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD method explicitly calculates the evolution of the array pattern from a finely discretized spatial representation of the entire array over a short time scale. Thus, computation accuracy is directly traded for simulation time. In addition, the modeling techniques to manage this tradeoff do not accommodate asymmetric arrays or allow array analysis at the system level. In this work, I present an OPA circuit design based on the synthesis method, which significantly relaxes the computational cost, time, and accuracy tradeoffs of OPA design at optical frequencies by using the radiation pattern of a single emitter element to synthesize that of the whole array. Instead of modeling an entire emitter array using the FDTD method, the synthesis approach requires only a single emitter to be simulated using 3-D FDTD. A design flow based on phased array synthesis allows accurate and robust modeling of arbitrary 1-D and 2-D OPAs, and enables optimization of device parameters and array coefficients across the device and system levels. OPAs serving FSOI and LIDAR applications require scalable architectures, and full phase control for 2-D, grating-lobe free beamsteering. 2-D phased array beamsteering can be efficiently achieved with 2-D apertures. However, significant design challenges emerge when 2-D apertures are scaled. The number of individually addressable emitters within a 2-D aperture is limited by the number of waveguides that can be interwoven between the emitters. As the emitter pitch is increased to accommodate the waveguides, the grating lobe pitch decreases, and the field-of-view of the array is reduced. Furthermore, independent phase control of each emitter is necessary to maximize beamsteering range. For each emitter, a corresponding phase shifter is required. Thus, power consumption scales with the number of emitters within the aperture. A non-uniform distribution of emitters in a sparse array configuration can relax the design tradeoffs of scaling a 2-D aperture. In an optimized sparse array, the beamforming performance of the uniform array is preserved with significantly fewer emitters. Thus, fewer phase shifters are required and beamsteering power consumption is reduced. However, there is no closed-form solution to guide the optimization of a 2-D sparse aperture. Conventional sparse aperture design relies on the genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm numerically emulates the evolutionary behaviors of DNA: mutation, crossover, and natural selection. For large apertures at optical frequencies, the genetic algorithm quickly becomes computationally prohibitive when compounded with hundreds to thousands of iterations. In addition, the optimized layout of emitters follows the uniform grid of the reference array. Arrays with a non-grid geometry may possess desirable pattern properties. However, these potential solutions lie outside the solution space and are treated as outliers by the genetic algorithm. The phased array synthesis design flow is used to develop a new technique for sparse OPA design by layout-constrained, array factor (LCAF) optimization. Instead of evaluating a large set of potential solutions, the LCAF method reduces the sparse optimization problem to three fundamental arrays, and leverages a triangular array geometry to achieve a scalable OPA aperture. The triangular array is distributed in a diagonally asymmetric configuration to increase waveguide routing area, and preserve the beamforming properties of an equivalent dense array. This diagonally asymmetric array geometry is designed to potentially increase orthogonal free-space optical beam steering range compared to conventional rectangular grid OPA geometries. The synthesis method is used to develop an OPA chip prototype in a standard silicon photonic technology. A technique is developed to leverage the natural static bias of the optical waveguide channels to reduce the power required for beamsteering control. Further, multi-function optical beam control is explored through subarray beam splitting. The fabricated chip prototype is packaged and tested in a custom free-space imaging test bench. A closed-loop, component-to-system optimization is used in both circuit design and testing. The measured beamwidth of the sparse OPA is 2.13 degrees in phi and 0.67 degrees in theta. The measured grating lobe free beamsteering range in phi is 20 degrees, and in theta is 24 degrees. The measurement results agree with the simulations and are successfully verified by the design"--Pages x-xii
Optical Interconnects For Data Centers
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Author : Tolga Tekin
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2016-11-01
Optical Interconnects For Data Centers written by Tolga Tekin and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-01 with Computers categories.
Current data centre networks, based on electronic packet switches, are experiencing an exponential increase in network traffic due to developments such as cloud computing. Optical interconnects have emerged as a promising alternative offering high throughput and reduced power consumption. Optical Interconnects for Data Centers reviews key developments in the use of optical interconnects in data centres and the current state of the art in transforming this technology into a reality. The book discusses developments in optical materials and components (such as single and multi-mode waveguides), circuit boards and ways the technology can be deployed in data centres. Optical Interconnects for Data Centers is a key reference text for electronics designers, optical engineers, communications engineers and R&D managers working in the communications and electronics industries as well as postgraduate researchers. Summarizes the state-of-the-art in this emerging field Presents a comprehensive review of all the key aspects of deploying optical interconnects in data centers, from materials and components, to circuit boards and methods for integration Contains contributions that are drawn from leading international experts on the topic
Special Topics In Information Technology
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Author : Luigi Piroddi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-01
Special Topics In Information Technology written by Luigi Piroddi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This open access book presents thirteen outstanding doctoral dissertations in Information Technology from the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy. Information Technology has always been highly interdisciplinary, as many aspects have to be considered in IT systems. The doctoral studies program in IT at Politecnico di Milano emphasizes this interdisciplinary nature, which is becoming more and more important in recent technological advances, in collaborative projects, and in the education of young researchers. Accordingly, the focus of advanced research is on pursuing a rigorous approach to specific research topics starting from a broad background in various areas of Information Technology, especially Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics, Systems and Control, and Telecommunications. Each year, more than 50 PhDs graduate from the program. This book gathers the outcomes of the thirteen best theses defended in 2020-21 and selected for the IT PhD Award. Each of the authors provides a chapter summarizing his/her findings, including an introduction, description of methods, main achievements and future work on the topic. Hence, the book provides a cutting-edge overview of the latest research trends in Information Technology at Politecnico di Milano, presented in an easy-to-read format that will also appeal to non-specialists.
Optical Interconnects
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Author : Ray T. Chen
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2007
Optical Interconnects written by Ray T. Chen and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Integrated circuits categories.
This book describes fully embedded board level optical interconnect in detail including the fabrication of the thin-film VCSEL array, its characterization, thermal management, the fabrication of optical interconnection layer, and the integration of devices on a flexible waveguide film. All the optical components are buried within electrical PCB layers in a fully embedded board level optical interconnect. Therefore, we can save foot prints on the top real estate of the PCB and relieve packaging difficulty reduced by separating fabrication processes. To realize fully embedded board level optical interconnects, many stumbling blocks need to be addressed such as thin-film transmitter and detector, thermal management, process compatibility, reliability, cost effective fabrication process, and easy integration. The material presented eventually will relieve such concerns and make the integration of optical interconnection highly feasible. The hybrid integration of the optical interconnection layer and electrical layers is ongoing.
Microoptics
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Author : Karl-Heinz Brenner
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-03-20
Microoptics written by Karl-Heinz Brenner and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-20 with Science categories.
Microoptics is still an emerging field with a huge potential for a large number of applications. This monograph brings together the most recent developments in order to give a broad overview.
Integrated Nanophotonic Devices
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Author : Zeev Zalevsky
language : en
Publisher: William Andrew
Release Date : 2010-10-08
Integrated Nanophotonic Devices written by Zeev Zalevsky and has been published by William Andrew this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nanophotonics is a field of science and technology based on the manipulation of light with equally miniscule structures, in the same way that computer chips are used to route and switch electrical signals. By enabling new high bandwidth, high speed optoelectronic components, nanophotonics has the potential to revolutionize the fields of telecommunications, computation and sensing. In this book, Zalevsky and Abdulhalim explore one of the key technologies emerging within nanophotonics, that of nano-integrated photonic modulation devices and sensors. The attempt to integrate photonic dynamic devices with microelectronic circuits is becoming a major scientific as well as industrial trend due to the fact that currently processing is mainly achieved using microelectronic chips but transmission, especially for long distances, takes place via optical links. Unlocks the technologies that will turn the rapidly growing research area of nanophotonics into a major area of commercial development, with applications in telecommunications, computing, security and sensing Nano-integrated photonic modulation devices and sensors are the components that will see nanophotonics moving out of the lab into a new generation of products and services By covering the scientific fundamentals alongside technological applications, the authors open up this important multidisciplinary subject to readers from a range of scientific backgrounds
Neuromorphic Photonics
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Author : Paul R. Prucnal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-05-08
Neuromorphic Photonics written by Paul R. Prucnal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-08 with Science categories.
This book sets out to build bridges between the domains of photonic device physics and neural networks, providing a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of "neuromorphic photonics." It includes a thorough discussion of evolution of neuromorphic photonics from the advent of fiber-optic neurons to today’s state-of-the-art integrated laser neurons, which are a current focus of international research. Neuromorphic Photonics explores candidate interconnection architectures and devices for integrated neuromorphic networks, along with key functionality such as learning. It is written at a level accessible to graduate students, while also intending to serve as a comprehensive reference for experts in the field.
Programmable Integrated Photonics
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Author : José Capmany
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-02-21
Programmable Integrated Photonics written by José Capmany and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-21 with categories.
This book provides the first comprehensive, up-to-date and self-contained introduction to the emergent field of Programmable Integrated Photonics (PIP). It covers both theoretical and practical aspects, ranging from basic technologies and the building of photonic component blocks, to designalternatives and principles of complex programmable photonic circuits, their limiting factors, techniques for characterization and performance monitoring/control, and their salient applications both in the classical as well as in the quantum information fields. The book concentrates and focusesmainly on the distinctive features of programmable photonics, as compared to more traditional ASPIC approaches.After some years during which the Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit (ASPIC) paradigm completely dominated the field of integrated optics, there has been an increasing interest in PIP. The rising interest in PIP is justified by the surge in a number of emerging applications that callfor true flexibility and reconfigurability, as well as low-cost, compact, and low-power consuming devices.Programmable Integrated Photonics is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming, can implement a variety of functionalities. These in turn can be exploited as basic operations in many application fields. Programmabilityenables, by means of external control signals, both chip reconfiguration for multifunction operation, as well as chip stabilization against non-ideal operations due to fluctuations in environmental conditions and fabrication errors. Programming also allows for the activation of parts of the chip,which are not essential for the implementation of a given functionality, but can be of help in reducing noise levels through the diversion of undesired reflections.
Micro Optics Vcsels And Photonic Interconnects
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Micro Optics Vcsels And Photonic Interconnects written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Integrated optics categories.
Silicon Photonics Ii
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Author : David J. Lockwood
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-10-13
Silicon Photonics Ii written by David J. Lockwood and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-13 with Science categories.
This book is volume II of a series of books on silicon photonics. It gives a fascinating picture of the state-of-the-art in silicon photonics from a component perspective. It presents a perspective on what can be expected in the near future. It is formed from a selected number of reviews authored by world leaders in the field, and is written from both academic and industrial viewpoints. An in-depth discussion of the route towards fully integrated silicon photonics is presented. This book will be useful not only to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers but also to graduate students who are interested in the fields of micro- and nanophotonics and optoelectronics.