Integrating Expenditure And Tax Decisions
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Integrating Expenditure And Tax Decisions
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Author : Joel Slemrod
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Integrating Expenditure And Tax Decisions written by Joel Slemrod and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Economics categories.
This paper seeks to clarify the extent to which the rule for providing public goods ought to correct for the distortionary cost of raising funds. We argue that, in evaluating public projects, the marginal cost of funds (MCF) concept must be supplemented by a symmetrical concept, which we label the marginal benefit of public projects, or MBP, which indicates the value to individuals of the dollars spent. Each of these concepts can be decomposed into two separate components, one reflecting efficiency and the other characterizing the distributional impact of the project itself or its financing. We conclude that efficiency of the financing cannot be ignored, that distributional considerations are also relevant, and that the availability and optimality of tax instruments is critical for evaluating the appropriateness of proceeding with a public good-cum financing project. However, one can construct special cases, as in Kaplow (1996), where the simple cost-benefit criterion applies
Integration Expenditure And Tax Decisions
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Author : Joel Slemrod
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Integration Expenditure And Tax Decisions written by Joel Slemrod and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Tax Expenditures In Oecd Countries
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2010-01-05
Tax Expenditures In Oecd Countries written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-05 with categories.
This book sheds light on the use of tax expenditures, mainly through a study of ten OECD countries: Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. It highlights key trends and successful practices.
Tax Administration 2021 Comparative Information On Oecd And Other Advanced And Emerging Economies
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2021-09-15
Tax Administration 2021 Comparative Information On Oecd And Other Advanced And Emerging Economies written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-15 with categories.
This report is the ninth edition of the OECD's Tax Administration Series. It provides internationally comparative data on aspects of tax systems and their administration in 59 advanced and emerging economies.
Brazil Tax Expenditure Rationalization Within Broader Tax Reform
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Author : Maria Delgado Coelho
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-09-24
Brazil Tax Expenditure Rationalization Within Broader Tax Reform written by Maria Delgado Coelho and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-24 with Business & Economics categories.
The excessive complexity and burden of the Brazilian tax system, riddled by cumulative indirect taxes and heavy payroll contributions, have led to an accumulation of fiscal incentives aimed at reducing its burden on taxpayers and productive activities. Federal and subnational tax expenditures currently stand at over 5 percent of GDP. Rationalizing them can only be comprehensively feasible in the context of a broader sequenced tax reform, and could reduce resource misallocation and income inequality, as well as provide new revenues.
Fiscal Policy Taxation And The Financial System In An Increasingly Integrated Europe
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Author : D.E. Fair
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Fiscal Policy Taxation And The Financial System In An Increasingly Integrated Europe written by D.E. Fair and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
The papers collected in this volume are those presented at the sixteenth Colloquium arranged by the Societe Universitaire Europeenne de Re cherches Financieres (SUERF), which took place in Lisbon in May 1991. The Society is supported by a large number of central banks and commer cial banks, by other financial and business institutions, and by personal subscriptions from academics and others interested in monetary and financial problems. Since its establishment in 1963, it has developed as a forum for the exchange of information, research results and ideas among academics and practitioners in these fields, including central bank officials and civil servants responsible for formulating and applying monetary and financial policies, national and international. A major activity of SUERF is to organise and conduct Colloquia on subjects of topical interest to its members. The titles, places and dates of previous Colloquia for which volumes of the collected papers were published are noted on the last page of this volume. Volumes were not produced for Colloquia held at Tarragona, Spain in October 1970 under the title 'Monetary Policy and New Developments in Banking' and at Strasbourg, France in January 1972 under the title 'Aspects of European Monetary Union'.
Public Expenditure And Growth
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Author : Santiago Herrera
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007
Public Expenditure And Growth written by Santiago Herrera and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Access to Finance categories.
Abstract: Given that public spending will have a positive impact on GDP if the benefits exceed the marginal cost of public funds, the present paper deals with measuring costs and benefits of public spending. The paper discusses one cost seldom considered in the literature and in policy debates, namely, the volatility derived from additional public spending. The paper identifies a relationship between public spending volatility and consumption volatility, which implies a direct welfare loss to society. This loss is substantial in developing countries, estimated at 8 percent of consumption. If welfare losses due to volatility are this sizeable, then measuring the benefits of public spending is critical. Gauging benefits based on macro aggregate data requires three caveats: a) considering of the impact of the funding (taxation) required for the additional public spending; b) differentiating between investment and capital formation; c) allowing for heterogeneous response of output to different types of capital and differences in network development. It is essential to go beyond country-specificity to project-level evaluation of the benefits and costs of public projects. From the micro viewpoint, the rate of return of a project must exceed the marginal cost of public funds, determined by tax levels and structure. Credible evaluations require microeconomic evidence and careful specification of counterfactuals. On this, the impact evaluation literature and methods play a critical role. From individual project evaluation, the analyst must contemplate the general equilibrium impacts. In general, the paper advocates for project evaluation as a central piece of any development platform. By increasing the efficiency of public spending, the government can permanently increase the rate of productivity growth and, hence, affect the growth rate of GDP.
The Other Side Of The Coin
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Author : Christopher G. Faricy
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2021-02-25
The Other Side Of The Coin written by Christopher G. Faricy and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-25 with Political Science categories.
Despite high levels of inequality and wage stagnation over several decades, the United States has done relatively little to address these problems—at least in part due to public opinion, which remains highly influential in determining the size and scope of social welfare programs that provide direct benefits to retirees, unemployed workers or poor families. On the other hand, social tax expenditures—or tax subsidies that help citizens pay for expenses such as health insurance or the cost of college and invest in retirement plans—have been widely and successfully implemented, and they now comprise nearly 40 percent of the spending of the American social welfare state. In The Other Side of the Coin, political scientists Christopher Ellis and Christopher Faricy examine public opinion towards social tax expenditures—the other side of the American social welfare state—and their potential to expand support for such social investment. Tax expenditures seek to accomplish many of the goals of direct government expenditures, but they distribute money indirectly, through tax refunds or reductions in taxable income, rather than direct payments on goods and services or benefits. They tend to privilege market-based solutions to social problems such as employer-based tax subsidies for purchasing health insurance versus government-provided health insurance. Drawing on nationally representative surveys and survey experiments, Ellis and Faricy show that social welfare policies designed as tax expenditures, as opposed to direct spending on social welfare programs, are widely popular with the general public. Contrary to previous research suggesting that recipients of these subsidies are often unaware of indirect government aid—sometimes called “the hidden welfare state”—Ellis and Faricy find that citizens are well aware of them and act in their economic self-interest in supporting tax breaks for social welfare purposes. The authors find that many people view the beneficiaries of social tax expenditures to be more deserving of government aid than recipients of direct public social programs, indicating that how government benefits are delivered affects people’s views of recipients’ worthiness. Importantly, tax expenditures are more likely to appeal to citizens with anti-government attitudes, low levels of trust in government, or racial prejudices. As a result, social spending conducted through the tax code is likely to be far more popular than direct government spending on public programs that have the same goals. The first empirical examination of the broad popularity of tax expenditures, The Other Side of the Coin provides compelling insights into constructing a politically feasible—and potentially bipartisan—way to expand the scope of the American welfare state.
A Study In Public Finance
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Author : A. C. Pigou
language : en
Publisher: Read Books Ltd
Release Date : 2013-03-06
A Study In Public Finance written by A. C. Pigou and has been published by Read Books Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-06 with History categories.
This antiquarian book contains a comprehensive treatise on the topic of public finance, with information on taxation, employment, wages, and much more. This is a text that will be of considerable utility to those with an interest in the history and development of modern economical practices, and will make for a valuable addition to collections of allied literature. The chapters of this book include: 'Principles of Compensation', 'Non-transfer and Transfer Expenditures by Government Authorities', 'The Finance of Business Undertakings Operated by Public Authorities', 'The Range Of Government Expenditure', 'The Place of Loans Other than War Loans in Public Finance', and more. We are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern edition complete with a specially commissioned biography of Arthur Cecil Pigou.
The Gini Methodology
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Author : Shlomo Yitzhaki
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-13
The Gini Methodology written by Shlomo Yitzhaki and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-13 with Mathematics categories.
Gini's mean difference (GMD) was first introduced by Corrado Gini in 1912 as an alternative measure of variability. GMD and the parameters which are derived from it (such as the Gini coefficient or the concentration ratio) have been in use in the area of income distribution for almost a century. In practice, the use of GMD as a measure of variability is justified whenever the investigator is not ready to impose, without questioning, the convenient world of normality. This makes the GMD of critical importance in the complex research of statisticians, economists, econometricians, and policy makers. This book focuses on imitating analyses that are based on variance by replacing variance with the GMD and its variants. In this way, the text showcases how almost everything that can be done with the variance as a measure of variability, can be replicated by using Gini. Beyond this, there are marked benefits to utilizing Gini as opposed to other methods. One of the advantages of using Gini methodology is that it provides a unified system that enables the user to learn about various aspects of the underlying distribution. It also provides a systematic method and a unified terminology. Using Gini methodology can reduce the risk of imposing assumptions that are not supported by the data on the model. With these benefits in mind the text uses the covariance-based approach, though applications to other approaches are mentioned as well.