Interleukin 2
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Interleukin 2
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Author : Kendall A Smith
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Interleukin 2 written by Kendall A Smith and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Medical categories.
Interleukin 2 focuses on interleukin 2 (IL-2) and its impact on immunology. Topics covered include IL-2's mechanism of action, the structure of the IL-2 receptor, the characteristics of natural and recombinant human IL-2, regulation of IL-2 production by the T cell antigen receptor, how IL-2 binding induces the transcription of a novel set of genes, and the pathological roles of IL-2 receptor inducers in adult T cell leukemia. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with a historical overview of IL-2, from the discovery of soluble mitogenic factors in culture media of stimulated lymphocytes to the discovery of IL-2 as the molecule responsible for stimulating T cell proliferation. The physicochemical and biological properties of purified recombinant IL-2 are then described, paying particular attention to natural IL-2 derived from human peripheral blood leukocytes. The chapters that follow discuss the different techniques used to gain insight into the functionally important regions of IL-2, the role of the T cell antigen receptor in regulating the production of IL-2, and the structure of the human high-affinity IL-2 receptor. The book also describes transmembrane signaling by IL-2, IL-2-inducible gene expression in T lymphocytes, abnormal IL-2 receptor expression in adult T cell leukemia, the use of IL-2 receptors in immunosuppressive therapy, and the use of IL-2 as a pharmacologic reagent. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in immunology and biochemistry.
The Role Of Interleukin 2 In The Treatment Of Cancer Patients
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Author : J. Wagstaff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Role Of Interleukin 2 In The Treatment Of Cancer Patients written by J. Wagstaff and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Recombinant human interleukin-2 became available for clinical use in the mid 1980s. Recent years have seen an enormous amount of clinical research with this cytokine and interleukin-2 has now been registered for use in a number of European countries for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This book is designed to provide the clinical oncologist wishing to use interleukin-2 with a basic background concerning the biology of the agent, a discussion concerning practical aspects, of its clinical use including management of toxicity and an overview of the clinical results together with a description of how this internesting cytokine might be developed in the future.
Interleukin 2 And Killer Cells In Cancer
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Author : Eva Lotzova
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-02-01
Interleukin 2 And Killer Cells In Cancer written by Eva Lotzova and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-01 with Science categories.
This is the first-and only-publication available which provides the most recent information in this particular field of biomedicine. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-2 activated killer cells have been shown to have a potential in the treatment of a variety of human malignant diseases. This work comprehensively summarizes basic aspects of IL-2 as well as its clinical application, therefore making all these aspects easily accessible to the readers. Because of the clinical significance of this molecule in the treatment of cancer, the basic and clinical investigations in the IL-2 field are rapidly expanding, together with the interest of the scientific and medical community. This book is an excellent educational and teaching tool for scientists, clinicians, and students. Those who already have expertise in research in the IL-2 area will find this reference indispensible.
Dynamics Of The Il 2 Cytokine Network And T Cell Proliferation
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Author : Dorothea Busse
language : en
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
Release Date : 2010
Dynamics Of The Il 2 Cytokine Network And T Cell Proliferation written by Dorothea Busse and has been published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Science categories.
This book adds to a intensively investigated question of immunological research. How do regulatory T cells mediate their function to ensure tolerance against self-antigen? The author analyzes the interaction via the cytokine interleukin 2 between T helper cells, which mediate immune responses, and regulatory T cells. Since both cell types depend on interleukin 2 to mediate their functions, competition for interleukin 2 is likely. A mathematical model is developed to describe the interaction. This model focuses on the interleukin 2 receptor dynamics on helper and regulatory T cells and the extracellular interleukin 2 diffusion. The interleukin 2 receptor dynamics is governed mainly by an autocrine positive feedback loop on both cell types. However, its differential regulation results in a switch-like up-regulation of the receptors on T helper cells and a gradual adaptation of the receptor levels to extracellular interleukin 2 supply on regulatory T cells. This difference enables regulatory T cells to efficiently compete for interleukin 2 and deprive T helper cells of their growth factor. Cell culture experiments verify these findings. It can be shown that the antigen stimulus and the intercellular distance are relevant control parameters for competition. Other mechanisms are described for suppression of T helper cell action by regulatory T cells; competition for interleukin 2 may act in concert with them.
Interleukin 2 In The In Vitro Generation And In Vivo Effectiveness Of Tumor Specific T Lymphocytes Microform
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Author : Gordon B. Mills
language : en
Publisher: National Library of Canada
Release Date : 1984
Interleukin 2 In The In Vitro Generation And In Vivo Effectiveness Of Tumor Specific T Lymphocytes Microform written by Gordon B. Mills and has been published by National Library of Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Interleukin-2 categories.
In order to respond to a foreign challenge, cells of the immune system must recognize the pathogen as foreign and must also receive a "second signal'. Both signals are required to induce the proliferation and differentiation of effector cells. Malignant disease in the otherwise immunocompetent host could escape immune control through failure to recognize tumor cells as foreign or through lack of the required "second signal". Previous work suggested that Interleukin 2 may be one of the second signals stimulating immune cells. Failure of Interleukin 2 production or action may allow malignant cells to escape the immune system. Therefore, an attractive method of immunotherapy would be to increase the positive immunoregulatory action of IL2 in vivo. Unfortunately, methods for modulating Interleukin action in vivo are not available. Therefore, removing lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice, culturing them with exogenous Interleukin 2 and, subsequently, reinfusing the programed cells into tumor-bearing mice was explored as a model of a possible immunotherapeutic technique. Spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice contain populations of precursor cells reactive to autologous tumor. Culture of these cells with exogenous Interleukin 2 generated a population of helper lymphocytes able to recruit host anti-tumor activity. Culture with IL2 also generated two populations of lymphocytes directly cytotoxic to tumor cells. One of the populations of cytotoxic lymphocytes, generated by culture with Interleukin 2 and autologous tumor, was relatively specific to the sensitizing tumor. These are probably "classical" cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The second population of cytotoxic cells, generated by culture with Interleukin 2 alone, demonstrated a broader spectrum of anti-tumor reactivity. Identifying the origin of the cell responsible for this non-specific activity has proven to be difficult. The broad spectrum of activity, the lack of requirement for antigen sensitization, and the lack of H2 restriction are appropriate for "natural killer" cells; whereas, the time course of activation and the surface marker phenotype are appropriate for "classical" cytotoxic lymphocytes. The precursors of both cytolytic cell populations, described above, are significantly increased in tumor-bearing animals. This suggests that tumor recognition occurs in tumor-bearing animals but that the "second signal" required for proliferation and differentiation is not present or not received. Interleukin 2 can provide this signal at least in vitro. Culture of peripheral blood cells from ovarian cancer patients with either human IL2 or murine IL2 generated cytotoxic lymphocytes which were active against autologous tumor. In the immunotherapy of murine tumors, the cytotoxic lymphocyte containing populations were most effective if given shortly after injection of the tumor. The response was dose related. Repeated injections were more effective than single injections. The cultured cells homed poorly to the tumor, therefore injection directly into the tumor site was more effective than intravenous administration. Therapy with cytotoxic lymphocytes was synergistic with surgical therapy of CaD2 tumors. Therapy with cytotoxic lymphocyte containing populations consistently improved the survival of mice with intraperitoneal P815 tumors. Despite the improved survival of mice following therapy, there were few long term survivors. Therapy with cytotoxic lymphocyte containing populations cured some mice with subcutaneous P815 tumors. The mice that died of the tumor did not demonstrate an improvement in survival times compared to untreated mice. Mice cured of the P8 15 tumor by treatment with cytotoxic lymphocyte containing preparations remain tumor-immune. There were no significant detrimental side effects of therapy with cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Interleukin 2
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Author : Jonathan Waxman
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Release Date : 1992-11-16
Interleukin 2 written by Jonathan Waxman and has been published by Wiley-Blackwell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-11-16 with Medical categories.
Interleukin-2 "supercharges" the immune system by promoting the growth of activated T-lymphocytes and augmenting their cell-killing activities. It, therefore, has a role in cancer and infection and has been licensed for use in the former. The book will focus on the areas of molecular biology, immunoregulation and the generation of specific or non-specific cytotoxic effector cells and their role in tumour immunotherapy. Dr Balkwill is one of the UK's leading experts in cytokine research and Dr Waxman is an experienced oncologist working with cytokines in a clinical setting. The book will therefore be balanced between a scientific and a clinical angle
The Role Of Interleukin 2 In The Treatment Of Cancer Patients
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Author : J. Wagstaff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-01-15
The Role Of Interleukin 2 In The Treatment Of Cancer Patients written by J. Wagstaff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-15 with categories.
The Interleukins
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Author : Steven Gillis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
The Interleukins written by Steven Gillis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Medical categories.
Investigations of the activation, proliferation, and, in some cases, differentia tion of mononuclear cells involved in the immune response are proceeding rapidly. These studies have resulted in the discovery of several factors that promote these cellular events, some of which have been characterized biochemically to various extents. Because of the considerable interest in understanding these cellular changes at the molecular level, we chose to produce the first thematic volume for Contemporary Topics in Molecular Immunology; the theme deals with certain regulatory factors that promote proliferation and differentiation. We have com piled contributions from numerous scientists well known for their work with several regulatory factors. In the following paragraphs, the reader will find an overview of the contents of this volume. Greene and Robb review data they have generated over the past 2-3 years with respect to characterization of hormone-specific Interleukin-2 (IL-2) recep tors on the surface of activated T cells. Their chapter traces the development of a quantitative assay for assessment of IL-2 receptors based on the preparation and use of radiolabeled IL-2 prepared biosynthetically with the aid of IL-2-pro ducer leukemic cells. The authors then describe an alternate approach, the prep aration of a monoclonal antibody previously determined to be directed against a T -cell-activation antigen. This so-called anti-Tac antibody was later found to recognize a determinant on or near the IL-2 receptor.
The Biology And Clinical Applications Of Interleukin 2
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Author : Robert C. Rees
language : en
Publisher: IRL Press
Release Date : 1990
The Biology And Clinical Applications Of Interleukin 2 written by Robert C. Rees and has been published by IRL Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Medical categories.
The molecular structure of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and that of its receptor subunits provide a basis for understanding lymphocyte activation by IL-2 and the generation of effector cells capable of mediating cytotoxicity towards tumors. This book provides an up-to-date account of IL-2, its effect on lymphocyte function, and clinical applications. Internationally know experts review the molecular aspects of cell signalling, giving insight on the in vivo pathways of activation likely to be important in determining clinical responses. They also examine the use of cytokines, particularly IL-2, in the treatment of cancer, and describe the results of recent clinical trials using IL-2, as well as of adoptive cell therapy. Providing a clear account of recent progress, the book also reviews the problems involved in attempting to improve the therapeutic benefit of IL-2, along with the importance of mechanisms which subverse IL-2 responses. This is the most up-to-date account of molecular research and clinical trials in this area, and will be of great benefit to students and researchers in immunology, pharmacology, biochemistry, and oncology who are interested in this vitally important topic.
Between Bench And Bedside
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Author : Ilana Löwy
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1996
Between Bench And Bedside written by Ilana Löwy and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Cancer categories.
Between Bench and Bedside is a compelling account of the clinical trials of interleukin-2 at a major French cancer hospital. Löwy's book offers a remarkable insider's view of the culture of clinical experimentation in oncology.