International Comparison And Evaluation Of Agricultural Productivity Growth
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International Comparison And Evaluation Of Agricultural Productivity Growth
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Author : Nicholas E. Rada
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
International Comparison And Evaluation Of Agricultural Productivity Growth written by Nicholas E. Rada and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Agricultural productivity categories.
Long-run food price changes respond to long-run changes in food demand, quasi-fixed and variable production factors, and agricultural productivity. Recent global food-price volatility puts a renewed spotlight on the trends and sources of any agricultural productivity growth. Because food prices' most critical effects are on human hunger, it is especially important to examine productivity conditions in newly emerging economies. Two such economies evaluated in this dissertation are Indonesia and Brazil. As agriculture's share of the Indonesian economy declines in the post-Green Revolution era, government attention increasingly has shifted to the industrial sector and away from agriculture. In light of these trends, we use province-level data and a multi-output frontier distance function approach to estimate product-specific productivity change on Indonesian farms, decomposing it into its technical-change and efficiency-change components. We find, at a 1.4% annual growth rate, that technical change has been modest and that little of this growth can be ascribed to government research efforts. Furthermore, average farm efficiency relative to the best-practice frontier has declined 0.4% per annum, so that mean productivity has risen by only 1% per year. Over-centralization of the agricultural research system may partly account for this poor performance. Brazil now is the largest coffee, sugar, and fruit juice producer, second-largest soybean and beef producer, and third-largest corn and broiler producer. It has overtaken the U.S. in poultry exports, nearly matches the U.S. in soybean exports, and dominates global trade in frozen orange juice. To test and better understand these advances, we draw on decennial farm censuses to examine technical change and efficiency in Brazilian agriculture. Our approach is to estimate a stochastic, multi-product, output distance frontier, using a translog functional form and data disaggregated to the micro-region (sub-state) level. Using two consecutive decennial farm censuses, we combine state-level Fisher productivity-change indexes with state-level translog distance function estimates of growth technical efficiency to impute state-level technical shifts. We find, leading up to the soon-to-be-released 2006 agricultural census, that Brazil's multi-factor productivity growth rate between 1985 and 1996 was 20.2%. Mean state-level growth efficiency was 91.2%, implying the production frontier expanded 22.2% over the reference time period.
An International Comparison Of Productivity Change
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Author : Nuno Moutinho
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2012-02
An International Comparison Of Productivity Change written by Nuno Moutinho and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02 with categories.
Recent evidence on agricultural productivity growth contradicts common and longstanding beliefs that productivity growth in the agriculture sector is lower than in the rest of the economy and faster in developed than in developing countries. First, we evaluate relevant empirical studies identifying the sources of labor productivity growth and the available methods for studying efficiency and productivity. Then, we investigate the role of agriculture in economic growth by using a panel data set for 45 countries and 26 years, for agriculture and for the overall economy. We estimate parametric and semiparametric production frontier models that incorporate heterogeneity across countries. Within each framework, we first determine crosscountry distributions of labor productivity, both for the overall economy and for agriculture, and we look at how those distributions have changed over time; second, we try to shed some light on the causes of those changes by investigating the extent to which they are due to catch-up, technical change and factor accumulation.
Persistence Pays
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Author : Julian M. Alston
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-11-27
Persistence Pays written by Julian M. Alston and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-27 with Business & Economics categories.
gricultural science policy in the United States has profoundly affected the growth and development of agriculture worldwide, not just in the A United States. Over the past 150 years, and especially over the second th half of the 20 Century, public investments in agricultural R&D in the United States grew faster than the value of agricultural production. Public spending on agricultural science grew similarly in other more-developed countries, and c- lectively these efforts, along with private spending, spurred agricultural prod- tivity growth in rich and poor nations alike. The value of this investment is seldom fully appreciated. The resulting p- ductivity improvements have released labor and other resources for alternative uses—in 1900, 29. 2 million Americans (39 percent of the population) were - rectly engaged in farming compared with just 2. 9 million (1. 1 percent) today— while making food and fiber more abundant and cheaper. The benefits are not confined to Americans. U. S. agricultural science has contributed with others to growth in agricultural productivity in many other countries as well as the Un- ed States. The world’s population more than doubled from around 3 billion in 1961 to 6. 54 billion in 2006 (U. S. Census Bureau 2009). Over the same period, production of important grain crops (including maize, wheat and rice) almost trebled, such that global per capita grain production was 18 percent higher in 2006.
Impacts Of Agricultural Investments On Growth And Poverty A Review Of Literature
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Author : Martin, Will
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2021-11-24
Impacts Of Agricultural Investments On Growth And Poverty A Review Of Literature written by Martin, Will and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-24 with Political Science categories.
Agricultural development is crucial in developing countries, and particularly in the poorest countries where it accounts for large shares of employment and income and whose poverty is due simply to having a large share of the workforce in low-productivity agriculture. Raising productivity in agriculture is critically important for development, as is smoothly moving workers out of agriculture into more productive employment in other sectors. Raising agricultural productivity helps both to raise incomes and to reduce poverty-both by raising the incomes of poor people working in agriculture and by lowering the prices of foods that make up a disproportionately large share of the expenditures of poor people. In small and open economies, the in-crease in profitability of agriculture following improvements in productivity might tend to retain or even attract workers into agriculture. By contrast, at a global level, or at national level when policy focusses on self-sufficiency, improvements in agricultural productivity will free up labor for employment in other sectors. Incomes are generally much higher in non-agricultural work in developing countries-more than double those in agriculture after careful adjustment for key differences. This raises the possibility of a double dividend from structural transformation as workers move into higher-productivity activities. A key question for development policy is whether it is enough to simply evaluate the gains from higher productivity within agriculture, or whether potential benefits from structural change be included as well. This paper examines the arguments on this question. It concludes that these dividends may be substantial-but whether they are or not depends on the source of the initial differences in productivity and on the direction of movement when agricultural productivity rises. If it results from policy barriers such as restrictions on the transfer of farmland or requirements for residence permits in urban areas, there are likely to be substantial welfare gains when labor moves out of agriculture. They may also be substantial if urban wages are artificially high and attract substantial numbers of job-waiters into unemployment. However, these gains may be illusory if the income gaps arise primarily from differences in skills or from reluctance to move created by asset fixity.
International Comparisons Of Prices Output And Productivity
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Author : J. Salazar-Carrillo
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
International Comparisons Of Prices Output And Productivity written by J. Salazar-Carrillo and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Business & Economics categories.
The present volume provides a timely collection of material on the subject of international comparisons, contributed by leading scholars from an extensive range of relevant disciplines and geographical backgrounds. The papers in this volume have been classified into two broad groups united by overlapping themes. Part I includes essentially empirical papers intended to provide a clear picture of the different types of international comparisons that have been undertaken by various organizations and individuals. The papers relate to empirical studies of different sectoral and national income aggregates at both regional and global levels. The papers in Part II deal with methodological and analytical issues. Discussion of the appropriateness of various aggregation methods for international comparisons accounts for a major component of this section. The volume provides a set of stimulating studies on international comparisons of prices, output and productivity, and will provide a useful reference source for many interested readers around the world.
Land Quality Agricultural Productivity And Food Security
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Author : Keith Daniel Wiebe
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2003-01-01
Land Quality Agricultural Productivity And Food Security written by Keith Daniel Wiebe and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
'Action is needed to fight poverty by sustaining the environment and the use of natural resources. Land Quality, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security explores a range of factors driving food security. The book offers an assessment to link quality of the available land resources with productivity of land and the ability to ensure food security. It offers a mixture of broad-scale assessments across the globe, with detailed case studies, deepening our understanding of economics and decision-making mechanisms. It is recommended to researchers, as well as actors in the private and public domain, who are keen to improve their understanding of the appropriate actions that ensure food security in the decade to come.' - Floor Brouwer, Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI), The Hague, The Netherlands Land quality and land degradation affect agricultural productivity and food security, but quantifying these relationships has been difficult. Data are extremely limited and outcomes are sensitive to the choices that farmers make. The contributors to this book - including soil scientists, geographers, and economists - analyse data on soils, climate, land cover, agricultural inputs and outputs, and a variety of socio-economic factors to provide new insights into three key issues: * the extent to which differences in land quality generate differences in agricultural productivity across countries * how farmers' responses to differences or changes in land quality are influenced by economic, environmental, and institutional factors, and * whether land degradation over time threatens productivity growth and food security at local, regional, and global levels.
Productivity Growth And Convergence In Agriculture And Manufacturing
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Author : Will Martin
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Productivity Growth And Convergence In Agriculture And Manufacturing written by Will Martin and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Agricultural procductivity categories.
The growth of agricultural productivity is widely believed to be low. But this study finds the productivity rate in agriculture to be higher than that in manufacturing, both on average and for groups of countries at different stages of development. This suggests that a large agricultural sector need not be a disadvantage for growth performance, and may be an advantage.
Agricultural Development
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Author : Yūjirō Hayami
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Agricultural Development written by Yūjirō Hayami and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Business & Economics categories.
Introduction; Problems and theory; Agriculture in economic development theories; Theories of agricultural development; Toward a theory of technical and institutional change; International comparisons; International comparisons of agricultural productivity; Sources of agricultural productivity differences among countries; Agricultural growth in the United States and Japan; Resource constraints and technical change; Science and progress in agriculture; Can growth be trasferred?; International transfer of agricultural technology; Technology transfer and land infrastructure; Retrospect and prospect; Growth and equity in agricultural development; Disequilibrium in world agriculture; Agricultural transformation and economic growth; Appendixes.
Productivity Growth In Agriculture
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Author : Keith Owen Fuglie
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2012
Productivity Growth In Agriculture written by Keith Owen Fuglie and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This volume is written primarily for agricultural economists doing research on productivity. It includes discussions of the theoretical underpinnings of productivity measurement as well as the many practical considerations that go into translating this theory into actual measures of aggregated outputs and inputs. The unifying concept of agricultural productivity used across the chapters of this volume is aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) of the sector. The volume also contains detailed analysis of the underlying causes of agricultural productivity growth. Part I (chapters 2-6) examines agricultural productivity in high-income and transition countries. Part II (chapters 7-11) examines agricultural productivity growth and its driving forces in five important agricultural producers in Asia and Latin America. Part III (chapters 12-14) focuses on measuring and identifying constraints to agricultural productivity growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Part IV (chapters 15-16) gives a global perspective on agricultural productivity.
Oecd Food And Agricultural Reviews Innovation Agricultural Productivity And Sustainability In Estonia
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2018-02-13
Oecd Food And Agricultural Reviews Innovation Agricultural Productivity And Sustainability In Estonia written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-13 with categories.
Estonian agriculture has undergone significant growth and structural change since the 1990s in a policy and regulatory environment that has been mostly supportive of investment. The implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy has contributed to the modernisation of the country's agriculture.