Interpretation Of Ground Based Measurements From The Surface Particulate Matter Network To Understand The Global Distribution Of Fine Particulate Matter
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Interpretation Of Ground Based Measurements From The Surface Particulate Matter Network To Understand The Global Distribution Of Fine Particulate Matter
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Author : Crystal Weagle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Interpretation Of Ground Based Measurements From The Surface Particulate Matter Network To Understand The Global Distribution Of Fine Particulate Matter written by Crystal Weagle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5¬) is increasingly recognized as the leading environmental risk factor for global burden of disease. This thesis develops the Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) to provide long-term measurements of PM2.5 mass and chemical composition, collocated with existing aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations in highly populated, globally diverse regions. Three projects are presented that interpret SPARTAN measurements to provide insight into the spatial variation in ground-based PM2.5 chemical composition, into the sources contributing to PM2.5, and into the relationship between AOD and PM2.5 used in satellite-based estimates of PM2.5. Analysis of SPARTAN filter samples collected across multiple continents for PM2.5 chemical composition show that absolute concentrations of several major components vary by more than an order of magnitude across sites, and exhibit consistency with available, collocated studies. Elevated Zn:Al ratios reveal an enhanced anthropogenic dust fraction relative to natural sources, signifying the need to include this PM2.5 source in global models and emission inventories. The developed compositional dataset provides much needed long-term chemical data for investigation of sources leading to the spatial variation of PM2.5 mass and chemical composition. Evaluation of the GEOS-Chem model, constrained by satellite-based estimates of PM2.5 and informed by SPARTAN compositional measurements, shows significant spatial consistency for major chemical components. Measured PM2.5 composition corroborate source attribution from sensitivity simulations, providing confidence in utilizing sensitivity simulations to explore the influence of source categories to global population-weighted PM2.5. This approach of coupling observational datasets with modelling at the global scale allows for insight into the main sources determining PM2.5 global variation, but also identification of modelled processes that require development to represent the wide range of PM2.5 and composition observed globally. An initial comparison between empirical and simulated relationships of PM2.5 and columnar AOD ( ) was conducted using the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. This comparison is the first to develop empirical, ground-based and provide an evaluation of modelled values widely used in satellite-based estimates. Collocated, modelled values generally fall within a factor of two of measured values and have a mean fractional bias that is an order of magnitude lower than for either PM2.5 or AOD alone. This lower bias in indicates that satellite-derived PM2.5 inferred using is likely to have lower bias than purely simulated PM2.5¬.
Fine Particle 2 5 Microns Emissions
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Author : John D. McKenna
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-09-17
Fine Particle 2 5 Microns Emissions written by John D. McKenna and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-17 with Science categories.
Research has shown that inhaling fine particles is a greater health risk than breathing larger particles. Title is "very timely...needed NOW," according to one reviewer Covers a "controversial" but important topic, for which there is a lack of literature and hence guidance for those professionals affected by it Covers legislative background and gives insight into regulatory and technical matters such as measurement and control of fine particle emissions Combines the practical, theoretical, and regulatory areas of fine particulate monitoring, with "reference to the regulated community" Written by a recognized authority with over 30 years of pollution control experience
Air Quality Criteria For Particulate Matter
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Author : United States. National Air Pollution Control Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969
Air Quality Criteria For Particulate Matter written by United States. National Air Pollution Control Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Air categories.
Research Priorities For Airborne Particulate Matter
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2004-10-22
Research Priorities For Airborne Particulate Matter written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-10-22 with Science categories.
In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established regulatory standards to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources. At the same time, Congress and the EPA began a multimillion dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles, the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause disease. To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result was a series of four reports on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. The third volume began the task of assessing initial progress made in implementing the research program. This, the fourth and final volume, gauged research progress made over a 5-year period on each of the 10 research topics. The National Research Council concludes that particulate matter research has led to a better understanding of the health effects caused by tiny airborne particles. However, the EPA, in concert with other agencies, should continue research to reduce further uncertainties and inform long-term decisions.
Particulate Matter Science For Policy Makers
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Author : Peter H. McMurry
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-11-29
Particulate Matter Science For Policy Makers written by Peter H. McMurry and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-29 with Law categories.
Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment was commissioned by NARSTO, a cooperative public-private sector organization of Canada, Mexico and the United States. It is a concise and comprehensive discussion of the current understanding by atmospheric scientists of airborne particulate matter (PM). Its goal is to provide policy makers who implement air-quality standards with this relevant and needed scientific information. The primary audience for this volume will be regulators, scientists, and members of industry, all of whom have a stake in effective PM management. It will also inform exposure and health scientists, who investigate causal hypotheses of health impacts, characterize exposure, and conduct epidemiological and toxicological studies.
Fine Particulate Pollution
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Author : Sam Stuart
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-09-03
Fine Particulate Pollution written by Sam Stuart and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-03 with Medical categories.
Fine Particulate Pollution deals with the state of knowledge and the status of technology relating to pollution caused by fine particulates. The topics span all scientific and technical disciplines associated with atmospheric fine particulate pollution, including the definition of fine particulates, health effects, measurement, and sources, along with transport and transformation, control technology, regulations, economics, and research. This book is divided into six sections and begins with an overview of the chemical and physical characteristics of fine particles such as particle size, shape, morphology, chemical composition, resistivity, and electric charge. Subsequent sections examine the health and environmental effects of particulate pollutants; emission sources and control of fine particulate air pollution; chemical and physical reactions, transport, and fate of fine particulate pollutants; and sampling, monitoring, and measurement of fine particulate pollutants. The final section looks at regulations for fine particles in countries such as Austria, Germany, France, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States. This monograph will be of interest to environmentalists as well as environmental policymakers and government officials concerned with air pollution control.
Particulate Matter
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Author : R. Maynard
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1999-12-29
Particulate Matter written by R. Maynard and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-12-29 with Medical categories.
Studies in particle toxicology have undergone significant changes over the past 5 years, and this book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive account of current knowledge in this area.
Airborne Particulate Matter In The United Kingdom
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Author : Quality of Urban Air Review Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Airborne Particulate Matter In The United Kingdom written by Quality of Urban Air Review Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Science categories.
Monitoring For Fine Particulate Matter
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Author : Elisa Eiseman
language : en
Publisher: RAND Corporation
Release Date : 1998
Monitoring For Fine Particulate Matter written by Elisa Eiseman and has been published by RAND Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Air categories.
Particulate matter (PM)-dust, dirt, smoke, soot, and liquid droplets-comes from a variety of sources and is a mixture of many pollutants made up of several different chemical species. Recent evidence about health effects and the fundamental physical and chemical differences between fine and coarse PM prompted the EPA to set new standards. Monitoring to determine whether an area has met these standards requires a comprehensive approach that combines analytical techniques to assess mass and chemical composition with an integrated network of ambient and source PM monitors.
Airborne Particulate Matter
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Author : R M Harrison
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2016-08-18
Airborne Particulate Matter written by R M Harrison and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-18 with Science categories.
The estimated health impacts and associated economic costs resulting from airborne particulate matter are substantial. Exposure to airborne fine particles ranks highly amongst preventable causes of disease. This book reviews the sources and atmospheric processes affecting airborne particulate matter and consequent impacts upon human health. Examining the latest information on the sources of particles in the atmosphere, both through direct emissions and atmospheric formation, the book also explores the methods which are used to estimate the contributions of different sources to airborne concentrations. Featuring case studies from recent assessments in Europe, the USA, China and India, the book provides a global overview of source apportionment. The health effects are reviewed in the context of the influence of sources, chemical composition and particle size upon relative toxicity. This comprehensive book is an important reference for policymakers and consultants working with pollution and human health, as well as academics working in atmospheric chemistry.