Intrahousehold Allocation And Gender Relations New Empirical Evidence
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Intrahousehold Allocation And Gender Relations
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Author : Agnes R. Quisumbing
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Intrahousehold Allocation And Gender Relations written by Agnes R. Quisumbing and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Family demography categories.
Using new household data sets from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and South Africa, the paper presents measures of individual characteristics that are highly correlated with bargaining power, namely human capital and individually-controlled assets, evaluated at the time of marriage. In all the country case studies, the unitary model is rejected as a description of houshold behavior, but to different degrees. Results suggest that assets controlled by women have a positive and significant effect on expenditure allocation towards the next generation, such as education and children's clothing and that parents do not always have identical preferences toward sons and daughters.
Intrahousehold Allocation And Gender Relations
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Author : Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Intrahousehold Allocation And Gender Relations written by Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Family demography categories.
Using new household data sets from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and South Africa, the paper presents measures of individual characteristics that are highly correlated with bargaining power, namely human capital and individually-controlled assets, evaluated at the time of marriage. In all the country case studies, the unitary model is rejecte as a description of household behavior, but to different degrees. Results suggest that assets controlled by women have a positive and significant effect on expenditure allocation towards the next generation, such as education and children's clothing and that parents do not always have identical preferences toward sons and daughters.
Intrahousehold Allocation And Gender Relations New Empirical Evidence
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Intrahousehold Allocation And Gender Relations New Empirical Evidence written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Intrahousehold Allocation And Economic Development
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Author : Tianrong Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Intrahousehold Allocation And Economic Development written by Tianrong Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Understanding household decisions is crucial for promoting gender equality and economic development. First, individuals in developing countries, especially women, spend more of their lives married. According to UN estimates (2018), 23% of women in the least developed countries are already married by age 19, compared to 3% of women in developed countries. Second, women and children are more likely to be poor than men, even after controlling for total household income (Dunbar et al. 2013). To lift women and children out of poverty, we must first understand the roots of unequal distribution in the household. Lastly, policymakers need to make informed choices that affect intrahousehold dynamics. From the identity of beneficiaries to information disseminated, every policy makes implicit assumptions on household decision-making. Understanding how households make decisions can improve the targeting of anti-poverty programs, reduce poverty of women and children, and promote equitable gender norms. What matters for intrahousehold allocation and the welfare of its members? Empirically, a large literature has proposed that increasing the amount of income controlled by women can increase their bargaining power and improve child development outcomes (e.g. Duflo 2003). Building on this literature, I show that in addition to the amount of income, the observability and the source of one's income also affect household decision-making and investment in children. That is, not all incomes are created equal. The first two chapters of my dissertation study the role of asymmetric information and unobservable income in household allocation. In many developing countries where employment is often informal and volatile, household members cannot perfectly observe each other's income. In the first chapter of my dissertation, I present novel empirical evidence that individuals hide employment income from other household members. Using both field survey data collected in western Kenya and a nationally representative dataset in Indonesia, I find that workers hide up to 20% of their employment income from other household members. I develop a model of strategic hidden income that explains why intrahousehold hidden income can persist in a Nash equilibrium. The key feature of the model is that each member of the household can strategically underreport income, increasing private consumption at the expense of household efficiency. hiding may come at a utility cost, but it allows workers to consume more private goods than otherwise, that is, by engaging in intrahousehold bargaining. In equilibrium, cooperation is endogenous and may be incomplete, as household members collectively allocate reported income, but total income is not allocated efficiently. Empirical tests reject collective rationality and support partial income pooling, which is consistent with strategic hidden income. Hiding is not only large in magnitude, but it is also economically significant. In Kenya and Indonesia, households with measured income hiding consume more private goods (such as tobacco and transfers to extended family) and spend less on groceries. In Indonesia, children in households with measured hidden income consume less protein-rich foods and are more likely to be underweight for their age. However, this effect only manifests when the income is hidden from the wife. These children continue to fare worse as adults, as they are more likely to be underweight (girls) and less likely to be employed (boys). In contrast, income hidden from the husband is not correlated with worse child outcomes. Using experimental methods, I further explore the causal effects of income hiding on household consumption in the second chapter of the dissertation. In a lab-in-the-field experiment, I exogenously vary the observability of experimental endowment that 610 Kenyan couples receive. After receiving the endowment, couples play a modified public goods game, where they first choose how much to allocate to a personal pot and a shared pot, where allocation to the shared pot is doubled and divided between the two spouses. In addition, the participant makes consumption choices out of a menu of common household goods, children's goods, and private goods. While the available consumption choices are the same for personal and household pots, consuming out of the personal pot is unobserved by the spouse. I find that when income is unobservable, both husbands and wives share less with their spouses, which is consistent with income hiding. In addition, husbands consume significantly more private goods when income is unobservable, while wives do not change their consumption behavior. Hiding in the experiment is predicted by high sharing pressure and is positively correlated with survey-based measures of income hiding. In addition to the observability of income, the source of income also matters in household allocation. In the final chapter of the dissertation, I turn to studying a conditional cash transfer program in Mexico, and compare the effects of employment and welfare income on household allocation. Using data from Mexico's Progresa conditional cash transfer program, I show that receiving cash transfers reallocates household resources from adults to children. In contrast, female employment reallocates resources from male household members (men and boys) to female ones (women and girls). This suggests that a policy encouraging female employment can be more effective at decreasing gender inequality than welfare programs providing cash transfers to women.
Intrahousehold Resource Allocation And Well Being
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Author : Fatimata Dia Sow
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2023-09-04
Intrahousehold Resource Allocation And Well Being written by Fatimata Dia Sow and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-04 with Social Science categories.
In this last decade, poverty in developing countries remains the most important topic of debate at the international level. The main challenge is how to build policies and programs on a gender perspective approach taking into account gender differences in behavior between male and female at the level of the household. This study is undertaken in a context of two earner partners living in mixed farming systems in Senegal where earnings come primarily from crops and livestock. This book provides substantial research focused on household decision-making regarding resource allocation and consumption. Moreover, it attempts to show empirical findings on the analysis of welfare and well-being through an innovative combination of subjective and objective methods. The research shows how important socioeconomic and cultural factors are in determining earnings from agricultural activities. Important determinants of productivity are related to women’s land access, non-labor income (transfers from migrants), and the wife's access to credit and health care. The research illustrates also that women's bargaining power may be strongly linked to their access to livestock resources, their mobility in purchasing food and medicine and their participation in the management of household finance. Analysis of decision-making regarding expenditures shows that women, more than men, value household goods (related to food, health and schooling expenditures) more than private goods. The results suggest that policies aimed at improving household livelihoods must understand gender differences, obligations and priorities.
Household Decisions Gender And Development
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Author : Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing
language : en
Publisher: International Food Policy Research Insitute
Release Date : 2003
Household Decisions Gender And Development written by Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing and has been published by International Food Policy Research Insitute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
CD-Rom included.
Small Change Or Real Change
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Author : Tina Johnson
language : en
Publisher: Commonwealth Secretariat
Release Date : 2008
Small Change Or Real Change written by Tina Johnson and has been published by Commonwealth Secretariat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
Small Change or Real Change? presents key thinking from experts around the Commonwealth on a topic which is currently of great international concern: how to ensure that resources are available to effect the changes promised by those promoting gender equality, and how to check that promises turn into results. The contributors, all of them development practitioners coming from diverse backgrounds, share one common goal, to influence governments and bilateral and multilateral organizations to scale up their commitments to financing gender equality.
Handbook Of Population And Family Economics
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Author : Mark Richard Rosenzweig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Handbook Of Population And Family Economics written by Mark Richard Rosenzweig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Family demography categories.
Gender And Macroeconomic Policy
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Author : Raj Nallari
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2011-01-05
Gender And Macroeconomic Policy written by Raj Nallari and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-05 with Social Science categories.
Mainstream economic analysis has traditionally overlooked gender. The individual the basic category of analysis was regarded as genderless. Neither gender discrimination nor segmentation and segregation within the labor market or within the household was present. Contributions from development theory, new household economics (NHE), labor economics, and feminist analysis have done much to change this. Focusing on gender equality by which we mean equality in opportunity, inputs, and outcome has yielded important insights for the growth and development of an economy. But we are still at the cusp. While there have been huge improvements in recognizing gender as an analytical category at the microeconomic level, the macroeconomic implications of gender equality remain undeveloped. Engendering macroeconomics is an important and valid research and policy area. Over the past three decades, economic development has generally affected women differently than men in the developing world. At the same time, gender relations have affected macroeconomic outcomes. This volume examines the research and policy implications of engendering macroeconomic policy.
He Says She Says Exploring Patterns Of Spousal Agreement In Bangladesh
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Author : Ambler, Kate
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2017-03-09
He Says She Says Exploring Patterns Of Spousal Agreement In Bangladesh written by Ambler, Kate and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-09 with Political Science categories.
Participation in household decisions and control over assets are often used as indicators of bargaining power. Yet spouses do not necessarily provide the same answers to questions about these topics. We examine differences in spouses’ answers to questions regarding who participates in decisions about household activities, who owns assets, and who decides to purchase assets. Disagreement is substantial and systematic, with women more likely to report joint ownership or decision making and men more likely to report sole male ownership or decision making. Analysis of correlations between agreement and women’s well-being finds that agreement on joint decision making/ownership is generally positively associated with beneficial outcomes for women compared with agreement on sole male decision making/ownership. Cases of disagreement where women recognize their involvement but men do not are also positively associated with good outcomes for women, but often to a lesser extent than when men agree that women are involved.