Inven Es Biotecnol Gicas No Brasil E A Prote O De Sequ Ncias Biol Gicas Por Patentes
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Inven Es Biotecnol Gicas No Brasil E A Prote O De Sequ Ncias Biol Gicas Por Patentes
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Author : Poliana Belisário Zorzal
language : pt-BR
Publisher: Editora Dialética
Release Date : 2021-02-19
Inven Es Biotecnol Gicas No Brasil E A Prote O De Sequ Ncias Biol Gicas Por Patentes written by Poliana Belisário Zorzal and has been published by Editora Dialética this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-19 with Science categories.
Genes e proteínas são resultados de grande importância de ações de pesquisa e desenvolvimento da indústria da Biotecnologia. Sequências de ácidos nucléicos e aminoácidos têm sido estudadas para atender as necessidades humanas e lançadas no mercado pelo setor, que, ao investir grande quantidade de recursos ao longo do desenvolvimento de sequências biológicas, buscam a proteção do fruto de suas pesquisas de modo mais amplo possível, por meio de patentes. Em contraposição, o sistema de patentes prevê que, em troca do direito de excluir terceiros das atividades relacionadas ao objeto da patente, a sociedade deve receber a invenção suficientemente descrita, de modo a permitir que um técnico no assunto seja capaz de reproduzi-la, e apresentando reivindicações claras e fundamentadas no relatório descritivo. Entretanto, devido às suas peculiaridades, a estrutura química destes compostos engloba uma linguagem biológica, cujas propriedades desconsideram o preceito do sistema de patentes de que o escopo das reivindicações deve estar confinado às estruturas exatas reveladas no relatório descritivo das patentes. Assim, a proteção para além da sequência revelada no pedido de patente, incluindo seus equivalentes funcionais e de estrutura semelhante, entretanto, não descritos no pedido de patente, é crucial. Em contraposição, no Brasil, o Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) concede apenas uma proteção literal das sequências biológicas listadas no pedido, justificando para isso, as condições requeridas ao pedido de patente brasileiro previstas em lei. Redatores de patentes em Biotecnologia em todo o mundo têm agrupado tais moléculas por meio de características comuns em reivindicações genéricas ou de gênero, objetivando a proteção das sequências funcionalmente equivalentes a uma determinada sequência de referência, estruturalmente descrita. As estratégias de redação de reivindicações utilizadas para ampliação do escopo protegido apresentam-se como altamente heterogêneas, sem clareza e, muitas vezes equivocadas tecnicamente, o que gera como resultado, um elevado grau de incerteza quanto à proteção de sequências para além do âmbito da sequência literalmente apresentada, quando não invalidando as reivindicações. Neste contexto, o presente estudo apresenta as peculiaridades das sequências biológicas que suscitam a necessidade de uma proteção para além do escopo daquelas literalmente apresentadas no pedido de patente, em geral buscada através de reivindicações de gênero. A suficiência descritiva, como um preceito do sistema de patentes é também apresentada destacando-se o contexto atual no Brasil, tratados internacionais em propriedade intelectual, União Europeia, Estados Unidos e Índia com relação ao tema, vinculado à descrição escrita de sequências biológicas. A partir da visão aprofundada do assunto foi possível o desenvolvimento de uma análise quanto ao entendimento técnico do contexto, apresentando-se ao final, a proposição de um modelo de reivindicação de gênero tecnicamente viável para uma proteção balanceada das sequências biológicas baseado no score de similaridade, parâmetro acessível aos pesquisadores da área durante o alinhamento de sequências. A proposição de alternativas, claras, homogêneas e aplicáveis à realidade do setor é um passo primordial na proteção das sequências biológicas de maneira equilibrada entre as necessidades econômicas da indústria e o interesse público, o que, consequentemente, representará papel essencial ao estímulo da pesquisa e inovação em Biotecnologia no Brasil. Palavras-chave: sequências biológicas, sequências de nucleotídeos, sequências de aminoácidos, condições do pedido de patente, suficiência descritiva, fundamentação, reivindicações de gênero, score de similaridade.
Ipc Green Inventory
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Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 201?
Ipc Green Inventory written by World Intellectual Property Organization and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 201? with Law categories.
This brochure explains how the IPC Green Inventory can give direct access to the latest patent information about technologies in a number of fields including alternative energy production, energy conservation, transportation, waste management, and agriculture and forestry
Agriculture And Industry In Brazil
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Author : Albert Fishlow
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2020-08-04
Agriculture And Industry In Brazil written by Albert Fishlow and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-04 with Social Science categories.
Agriculture and Industry in Brazil is a study of the economics of Brazilian agriculture and industry, with a special focus on the importance of innovation to productivity growth. Albert Fishlow and José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho examine technological change in Brazil, highlighting the role of public policy in building institutions and creating an innovation-oriented environment. Fishlow and Vieira Filho tackle the theme of innovation from various angles. They contrast the relationship between state involvement and the private sector in key parts of the Brazilian economy and compare agricultural expansion with growth in the oil and aviation sectors. Fishlow and Vieira Filho argue that modern agriculture is a knowledge-intensive industry and its success in Brazil stems from public institution building. They demonstrate how research has played a key role in productivity growth, showing how prudent innovation policies can leverage knowledge not only within a particular company but also across whole sectors of the economy. The book discusses whether and how Brazil can serve as a model for other middle-income countries eager to achieve higher growth and a more egalitarian distribution of income. An important contribution to comparative, international, and development economics, Agriculture and Industry in Brazil shows how the public success in agriculture became a prototype for advance elsewhere.
Cybersecurity For Industry 4 0
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Author : Lane Thames
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-03
Cybersecurity For Industry 4 0 written by Lane Thames and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-03 with Computers categories.
This book introduces readers to cybersecurity and its impact on the realization of the Industry 4.0 vision. It covers the technological foundations of cybersecurity within the scope of the Industry 4.0 landscape and details the existing cybersecurity threats faced by Industry 4.0, as well as state-of-the-art solutions with regard to both academic research and practical implementations. Industry 4.0 and its associated technologies, such as the Industrial Internet of Things and cloud-based design and manufacturing systems are examined, along with their disruptive innovations. Further, the book analyzes how these phenomena capitalize on the economies of scale provided by the Internet. The book offers a valuable resource for practicing engineers and decision makers in industry, as well as researchers in the design and manufacturing communities and all those interested in Industry 4.0 and cybersecurity.
University Technology Transfer
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Author : Shiri M. Breznitz
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-19
University Technology Transfer written by Shiri M. Breznitz and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Universities have become essential players in the generation of knowledge and innovation. Through the commercialization of technology, they have developed the ability to influence regional economic growth. By examining different commercialization models this book analyses technology transfer at universities as part of a national and regional system. It provides insight as to why certain models work better than others, and reaffirms that technology transfer programs must be linked to their regional and commercial environments. Using a global perspective on technology commercialization, this book divides the discussion between developed and developing counties according to the level of university commercialization capability. Critical cases as well as country reports examine the policies and culture of university involvement in economic development, relationships between university and industry, and the commercialization of technology first developed at universities. In addition, each chapter provides examples from specific universities in each country from a regional, national, and international comparative perspective. This book includes articles by leading practitioners as well as researchers and will be highly relevant to all those with an interest in innovation studies, organizational studies, regional economics, higher education, public policy and business entrepreneurship.
The Rise Of The Network Society
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Author : Manuel Castells
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-08-24
The Rise Of The Network Society written by Manuel Castells and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-24 with Social Science categories.
This first book in Castells' groundbreaking trilogy, with a substantial new preface, highlights the economic and social dynamics of the information age and shows how the network society has now fully risen on a global scale. Groundbreaking volume on the impact of the age of information on all aspects of society Includes coverage of the influence of the internet and the net-economy Describes the accelerating pace of innovation and social transformation Based on research in the USA, Asia, Latin America, and Europe
Healthcare 4 0
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Author : Janya Chanchaichujit
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-07-23
Healthcare 4 0 written by Janya Chanchaichujit and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-23 with Science categories.
This book aims to demonstrate the benefits of implementing Industry 4.0 in healthcare services and to recommend a framework to support this implementation. Key topics in this book include: (1) Discovering emerging technologies and techniques to support Healthcare 4.0, this includes the Internet of Things (IOT) , Big data analytics, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI) , Optimisation and Predictive Analytics; (2) Illustrating some examples of such advanced implementation in Healthcare 4.0; (3) Recommending a development process to develop health technology start-ups and entrepreneurial activities; and (4) Discuss the transformation methodology used to redesign healthcare processes in order to overcome the challenges of implementing a Healthcare 4.0 project.
Food Science And Technology
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Author : Geoffrey Campbell-Platt
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-08-26
Food Science And Technology written by Geoffrey Campbell-Platt and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This brand new comprehensive text and reference book is designed to cover all the essential elements of food science and technology, including all core aspects of major food science and technology degree programs being taught worldwide. Food Science and Technology, supported by the International Union of Food Science and Technology comprises 21 chapters, carefully written in a user-friendly style by 30 eminent industry experts, teachers and researchers from across the world. All authors are recognised experts in their respective fields, and together represent some of the world’s leading universities and international food science and technology organisations. Expertly drawn together, produced and edited, Food Science and Technology provides the following: Coverage of all the elements of food science and technology degree programs internationally Essential information for all professionals in the food industry worldwide Chapters written by authoritative, internationally respected contributing authors A must-have reference book for libraries in every university, food science and technology research institute, and food company globally Additional resources published on the book's web site: www.wiley.com/go/campbellplatt About IUFoST The International Union of Food Science and Technology (IUFoST) is a country-membership organisation representing some 65 member countries, and around 200,000 food scientists and technologists worldwide. IUFoST is the global voice of food science and technology, dedicated to promoting the sharing of knowledge and good practice in food science and technology internationally. IUFoST organises World Congresses of Food Science and Technology, and has established the International Academy of Food Science and Technology (IAFoST) to which eminent food scientists can be elected by peer review. For further information about IUFoST and its activities, visit: www.iufost.org
Education At A Glance 2002 Oecd Indicators
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2002-10-29
Education At A Glance 2002 Oecd Indicators written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-10-29 with categories.
The 2002 edition of Education at a Glance -- OECD Indicators provides information on the output of educational institutions and the impact of learning, the policy levers that shape educational outcomes and how education systems operate and evolve, and the human and financial resources invested.
Growth Welfare In The American Past
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Author : Douglass Cecil North
language : en
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Release Date : 1974
Growth Welfare In The American Past written by Douglass Cecil North and has been published by Prentice Hall this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Business & Economics categories.