Inventing Lebanon
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Inventing Lebanon
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Author : Kais M. Firro
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2002-10-24
Inventing Lebanon written by Kais M. Firro and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-10-24 with History categories.
This study examines the history behind an idea: a new polity of "Greater Lebanon". It shows how, under the powerful influence of the French Mandate, various groups of the local elite attempted to create what amounted to a new Lebanese nationalism, carving the state into Maronite Christian, Sunni and Shiite power bases. The results only accentuated the divisions already inherent in this multi-ethnic and multi-faith society, and were to pave the way for the instability and wars that have plagued the country ever since.
Inventing Home
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Author : Akram Fouad Khater
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2001-10-30
Inventing Home written by Akram Fouad Khater and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-10-30 with History categories.
A social history of Lebanon during a critical period--the "long peace" between the uprising of 1860 and the beginning of the French Mandate in 1920. This is one of the few books on modern Middle Eastern history to take up issues of gender, migration, and economic change.
Inventing Lebanon
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Author : Franck Salameh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Inventing Lebanon written by Franck Salameh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Lebanon categories.
"This study will attempt to trace the intellectual roots and development of a Lebanese nationalist current, which beginning in 1937 became known under the designation "Lebanonism". My dissertation's central argument maintains that: First, Lebanonism was a heteroclite amalgamation of a number of precursor Lebanese nationalist tendencies of the early 20 th century. However, unlike its precursors, which appealed primarily to Lebanon's Christian communities, Lebanonism, although non-Arabist in its themes and metaphors, targeted Lebanon's Muslims and attempted to lure them into assimilating and embracing a Lebanese national idea drained of their traditionally held Arabist convictions. Second, Lebanonism was conceived and expressed in an Arabophone garb, evidently at the behest of francophone Phoenicianists and Mediterraneanists, who were disgruntled with the way their revered Phoenician myth of origin was being expropriated and Arabized by "Araboid" currents within Lebanon. Third, contrary to its Phoenicianist progenitor, Lebanonism made an issue out of Lebanon's national language, and attempted to construct a Lebanese national specificity based on a purported authenticity of an indigenous non-Arabic Lebanese idiom, and not solely on the traditional Phoenicianist congenital Lebanese polyglotism--or even Phoenicianism's celebrated geographical determinism. Fourth, Lebanonism, although not traditionally associated with Lebanese Islam, did succeed in appealing to a number of Muslim Lebanese. In fact, many individual Lebanese Muslim scholars, linguists, historians, and literati did indeed espouse and promote general Lebanonist themes, and even contributed to its language reform program. Nevertheless, Lebanonism remained largely the domain of Christian devotion, and its appeal remained confined in a Christian Lebanese community still unwilling to acquiesce in Lebanon's newly contrived Arabness."--Publisher's description.
Lebanon
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Author : William W. Harris
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012
Lebanon written by William W. Harris and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with History categories.
The book explores the affairs of Mount Lebanon and its surrounds through fourteen centuries, beginning with the emergence of its Christian, Muslim and Islamic-derived communities between the sixth and eleventh centuries. Against this backdrop, it interprets the modern republic of Lebanon from Ottoman antecedents to present day crises.
Lebanon
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Author : William Harris
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-07-11
Lebanon written by William Harris and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-11 with History categories.
In this impressive synthesis, William Harris narrates the history of the sectarian communities of Mount Lebanon and its vicinity. He offers a fresh perspective on the antecedents of modern multi-communal Lebanon, tracing the consolidation of Lebanon's Christian, Muslim, and Islamic derived sects from their origins between the sixth and eleventh centuries. The identities of Maronite Christians, Twelver Shia Muslims, and Druze, the mountain communities, developed alongside assertions of local chiefs under external powers from the Umayyads to the Ottomans. The chiefs began interacting in a common arena when Druze lord Fakhr al-Din Ma'n achieved domination of the mountain within the Ottoman imperial framework in the early seventeenth century. Harris knits together the subsequent interplay of the elite under the Sunni Muslim Shihab relatives of the Ma'ns after 1697 with demographic instability as Maronites overtook Shia as the largest community and expanded into Druze districts. By the 1840s many Maronites conceived the common arena as their patrimony. Maronite/Druze conflict ensued. Modern Lebanon arose out of European and Ottoman intervention in the 1860s to secure sectarian peace in a special province. In 1920, after the Ottoman collapse, France and the Maronites enlarged the province into the modern country, with a pluralism of communal minorities headed by Maronite Christians and Sunni Muslims. The book considers the flowering of this pluralism in the mid-twentieth century, and the strains of new demographic shifts and of social resentment in an open economy. External intrusions after the 1967 Arab-Israeli war rendered Lebanon's contradictions unmanageable and the country fell apart. Harris contends that Lebanon has not found a new equilibrium and has not transcended its sects. In the early twenty-first century there is an uneasy duality: Shia have largely recovered the weight they possessed in the sixteenth century, but Christians, Sunnis, and Druze are two-thirds of the country. This book offers readers a clear understanding of how modern Lebanon acquired its precarious social intricacy and its singular political character.
The Lebanese Phoenician Nationalist Movement
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Author : Basilius Bawardi
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2016-08-08
The Lebanese Phoenician Nationalist Movement written by Basilius Bawardi and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-08 with Political Science categories.
The question of belonging has formed the basis of the political, religious and cultural tensions in Lebanon, to the point that sectarian conflict on the country's future contributed significantly to the outbreak of civil war in 1975. This book focuses on the development of the Phoenician-Lebanese movement that struggled against the hegemonic status of Arabic language and culture. The Phoenician-Lebanese were a predominantly Maronite Christian group who attempted to remove themselves from the Muslim and Arab world throughout the twentieth century. Their demands for self-definition as a nation and their desire to establish their own culture were rooted in the concept of their ancient Phoenician past. Basilius Bawardi examines four prominent authors who formed the basis on which all engaged so-called Phoenician literature was built: Sharl Qurm, Sa'id 'Aql, Mayy Murr and Muris 'Awwad. The literary corpus of these writers was a critical component of the political activity that strove to distinguish the native Lebanese inhabitants from their Arab-Muslim neighbours.Studying these authors' works in both a literary and historical way, Bawardi shows how language was used to promote a specific political agenda and identifies the strong connections between language, literature and nation building. As well as revealing the nationalist struggle as it emerges in prose and poetry, the book discusses the history and formation of modern day Lebanon and why language and literature are so crucial for members of a national minority.
The Idealist
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Author : Samuel Zipp
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-10
The Idealist written by Samuel Zipp and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-10 with History categories.
Winner of the Robert H. Ferrell Book Prize “The Idealist is a powerful book, gorgeously written and consistently insightful. Samuel Zipp uses the 1942 world tour of Wendell Willkie to examine American attitudes toward internationalism, decolonization, and race in the febrile atmosphere of the world’s first truly global conflict.” —Andrew Preston, author of Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith A dramatic account of the plane journey undertaken by businessman-turned-maverick-internationalist Wendell Willkie to rally US allies to the war effort. Willkie’s tour of a planet shrunk by aviation and war inspired him to challenge Americans to fight a rising tide of nationalism at home. In August 1942, as the threat of fascism swept the world, a charismatic Republican presidential contender boarded the Gulliver at Mitchel Airfield for a seven-week journey around the world. Wendell Willkie covered 31,000 miles as President Roosevelt’s unofficial envoy. He visited the battlefront in North Africa with General Montgomery, debated a frosty de Gaulle in Beirut, almost failed to deliver a letter to Stalin in Moscow, and allowed himself to be seduced by Chiang Kai-shek in China. Through it all, he was struck by the insistent demands for freedom across the world. In One World, the runaway bestseller he published on his return, Willkie challenged Americans to resist the “America first” doctrine espoused by the war’s domestic opponents and warned of the dangers of “narrow nationalism.” He urged his fellow citizens to end colonialism and embrace “equality of opportunity for every race and every nation.” With his radio broadcasts regularly drawing over 30 million listeners, he was able to reach Americans directly in their homes. His call for a more equitable and interconnected world electrified the nation, until he was silenced abruptly by a series of heart attacks in 1944. With his death, America lost its most effective globalist, the man FDR referred to as “Private Citizen Number One.” At a time when “America first” is again a rallying cry, Willkie’s message is at once chastening and inspiring, a reminder that “one world” is more than a matter of supply chains and economics, and that racism and nationalism have long been intertwined.
Good Fences Bad Neighbors
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Author : Boaz Atzili
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2012-02
Good Fences Bad Neighbors written by Boaz Atzili and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02 with Political Science categories.
Border fixity—the proscription of foreign conquest and the annexation of homeland territory—has, since World War II, become a powerful norm in world politics. This development has been said to increase stability and peace in international relations. Yet, in a world in which it is unacceptable to challenge international borders by force, sociopolitically weak states remain a significant source of widespread conflict, war, and instability. In this book, Boaz Atzili argues that the process of state building has long been influenced by external territorial pressures and competition, with the absence of border fixity contributing to the evolution of strong states—and its presence to the survival of weak ones. What results from this norm, he argues, are conditions that make internal conflict and the spillover of interstate war more likely. Using a comparison of historical and contemporary case studies, Atzili sheds light on the relationship between state weakness and conflict. His argument that under some circumstances an international norm that was established to preserve the peace may actually create conditions that are ripe for war is sure to generate debate and shed light on the dynamics of continuing conflict in the twenty-first century.
Stability And The Lebanese State In The 20th Century
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Author : Tarek Abou Jaoude
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2022-08-25
Stability And The Lebanese State In The 20th Century written by Tarek Abou Jaoude and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-25 with Political Science categories.
Explaining state-building failures in Lebanon during the 20th century, this book looks at the relationship between legitimacy and stability in the country since the creation of the state in 1920. The presence of legitimacy is considered necessary to any successful state-building endeavour. This book argues that the Lebanese state failed to achieve any meaningful form of legitimacy from its inception in 1920 to its near-collapse during the civil war. However, by analysing different eras of Lebanese history, throughout the different presidential terms, the author challenges the general understanding of stability and governance to show that the absence of legitimacy and society support actually contributed to the persistence of the Lebanese state. More than this, the evidence shows that Lebanese state was at its most stable when it was regarded as illegitimate. The wider, implicit question thus asked in the book revolves around a case where illegitimacy within the state is what ensures its stability and survival. Based on primary sources including national archives and collections, institutional documents, personal memoirs, newspapers and journals, this book provides a rich survey on the development and functioning of Lebanese political institutions.
Creating An Islamic City
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Author : Rana Mikati
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2024-03-04
Creating An Islamic City written by Rana Mikati and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-04 with History categories.
In Creating an Islamic City: Beirut, Jihad, and the Sacred, Rana Mikati examines for the first time the role and contribution of Beirut to the Umayyad and early Abbasid caliphates. This book traces the transformation of Beirut from a Byzantine metropolis to a place of ribāṭ, weaving previously unpublished archaeological material and narrative sources. By examining Beirut’s transformation into a frontier town, the rise of a scholarly community around the Syrian jurist al-Awzā‘ī (d. 157/773-774), and its integration in an Islamic sacred landscape, Creating an Islamic City shows how a provincial frontier town was integrated and participated in the early caliphate.