Investigating Disparities In Flood Insurance Rate Map Adoption
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Investigating Disparities In Flood Insurance Rate Map Adoption
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Author : John Michael Iffert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Investigating Disparities In Flood Insurance Rate Map Adoption written by John Michael Iffert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) are determining factors for the United States' federally subsidized National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Not only do these maps determine insurance premiums for the NFIP, but they provide localities insights on how to best manage flood risk and develop more sustainable communities. The NFIP has been experiencing increasing scrutiny from the public due to several complicated and interdependent factors including its financially insolvent insurance structure and out of date and inaccurate floodplain maps. FIRM accuracy and adoption are key factors to address when assessing the current state of the NFIP and understanding how the program can better provide for its policyholders and effectively utilize its appropriated funds. In order to build further understanding on the challenge of out of date FIRM information, the objective of this thesis is to investigate the disparities in flood insurance rate map adoption. The questions guiding this research are: Do disparities exist in FIRM adoption? If so, how? Chapter 2 presents a case study comparing the FIRM adoption processes of two communities both heavily impacted by severe flooding: New Hanover County, NC and Horry County, SC. Additionally, Chapter 4 raises ethical questions about FIRM and NFIP structures and investigates the intentions and outcomes of the program through various normative frameworks. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes outcomes and pathways for future research. This research is valuable because if we can better understand where and why FIRM adoption is lagging, we can better reveal what communities are truly vulnerable from flooding risks.
Adoption Of Flood Insurance Rate Maps By Participating Communities
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: FEMA
Release Date : 2005
Adoption Of Flood Insurance Rate Maps By Participating Communities written by and has been published by FEMA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Flood insurance categories.
Tying Flood Insurance To Flood Risk For Low Lying Structures In The Floodplain
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2015-08-03
Tying Flood Insurance To Flood Risk For Low Lying Structures In The Floodplain written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-03 with Mathematics categories.
Floods take a heavy toll on society, costing lives, damaging buildings and property, disrupting livelihoods, and sometimes necessitating federal disaster relief, which has risen to record levels in recent years. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was created in 1968 to reduce the flood risk to individuals and their reliance on federal disaster relief by making federal flood insurance available to residents and businesses if their community adopted floodplain management ordinances and minimum standards for new construction in flood prone areas. Insurance rates for structures built after a flood plain map was adopted by the community were intended to reflect the actual risk of flooding, taking into account the likelihood of inundation, the elevation of the structure, and the relationship of inundation to damage to the structure. Today, rates are subsidized for one-fifth of the NFIP's 5.5 million policies. Most of these structures are negatively elevated, that is, the elevation of the lowest floor is lower than the NFIP construction standard. Compared to structures built above the base flood elevation, negatively elevated structures are more likely to incur a loss because they are inundated more frequently, and the depths and durations of inundation are greater. Tying Flood Insurance to Flood Risk for Low-Lying Structures in the Floodplain studies the pricing of negatively elevated structures in the NFIP. This report review current NFIP methods for calculating risk-based premiums for these structures, including risk analysis, flood maps, and engineering data. The report then evaluates alternative approaches for calculating risk-based premiums and discusses engineering hydrologic and property assessment data needs to implement full risk-based premiums. The findings and conclusions of this report will help to improve the accuracy and precision of loss estimates for negatively elevated structures, which in turn will increase the credibility, fairness, and transparency of premiums for policyholders.
Adoption Of Flood Insurance Rate Maps By Participating Communities
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Adoption Of Flood Insurance Rate Maps By Participating Communities written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Flood insurance categories.
Mapping The Zone
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-05-15
Mapping The Zone written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-15 with Science categories.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps portray the height and extent to which flooding is expected to occur, and they form the basis for setting flood insurance premiums and regulating development in the floodplain. As such, they are an important tool for individuals, businesses, communities, and government agencies to understand and deal with flood hazard and flood risk. Improving map accuracy is therefore not an academic question-better maps help everyone. Making and maintaining an accurate flood map is neither simple nor inexpensive. Even after an investment of more than $1 billion to take flood maps into the digital world, only 21 percent of the population has maps that meet or exceed national flood hazard data quality thresholds. Even when floodplains are mapped with high accuracy, land development and natural changes to the landscape or hydrologic systems create the need for continuous map maintenance and updates. Mapping the Zone examines the factors that affect flood map accuracy, assesses the benefits and costs of more accurate flood maps, and recommends ways to improve flood mapping, communication, and management of flood-related data.
Mapping Under Uncertainity
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Author : Michael Thomas Wilson (Ph. D.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Mapping Under Uncertainity written by Michael Thomas Wilson (Ph. D.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Flooding is the most common and single largest source of disaster-caused property damage in the United States. The past year, 2017, was the costliest for weather and climate disasters in US history. To mitigate these losses, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and National Flood Insurance Program produce Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) that often provide the most comprehensive and authoritative flood hazard information for a community. Despite reform efforts for greater map accuracy, spatial politics may render the computationally efficient 100- year floodplain delineation of questionable effectiveness, equity, and legitimacy for long-term land use planning. Given changing coastal flooding and sea level rise, how can risk mapping inform and improve future urban development? The dissertation: (1) positions flood mapping in the larger context of urban risk computation; (2) chronicles and statistically analyzes the nationwide map adoption process; (3) uses spatial analysis, document review, semi-structured interviews, and grounded theory to identify how these updates are proxies for nonstationary flood risk in Plymouth County, MA and New York City, NY; (4) compiles a novel survey of recent large-scale development decisionmaking in Boston, and (5) pilots a probabilistic indicator that models project-level flood risk information. I observe that the differences in location, wealth, and race between counties are associated with varying FIRM adoption process durations as well as whether a county may appeal and receive revised maps. I argue that coastal communities with sociopolitical clout can bend the process of computational risk assessment, through either contestation or collaboration over risk classification. I find the planning information shock of updated maps, however, is a largely insufficient signal to change developer behavior. Therefore, I pioneer the Future Flood Resilience Indicator (FFRI) as a decision support tool for developers to understand the long-term flood risk of their proposed development projects and planners to ascertain the impact of their policies. In conclusion, the dissertation provides policy makers with: (1) new data on how map adoption is not a purely scientific and technical process, (2) further evidence that the current 100- year flood standard is inadequate, and (3) resilience-building tools for land use planning.
Resilient Urban Futures
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Author : Zoé A. Hamstead
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-04-06
Resilient Urban Futures written by Zoé A. Hamstead and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-06 with Science categories.
This open access book addresses the way in which urban and urbanizing regions profoundly impact and are impacted by climate change. The editors and authors show why cities must wage simultaneous battles to curb global climate change trends while adapting and transforming to address local climate impacts. This book addresses how cities develop anticipatory and long-range planning capacities for more resilient futures, earnest collaboration across disciplines, and radical reconfigurations of the power regimes that have institutionalized the disenfranchisement of minority groups. Although planning processes consider visions for the future, the editors highlight a more ambitious long-term positive visioning approach that accounts for unpredictability, system dynamics and equity in decision-making. This volume brings the science of urban transformation together with practices of professionals who govern and manage our social, ecological and technological systems to design processes by which cities may achieve resilient urban futures in the face of climate change.
Flood Insurance Study
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Author : United States. Federal Insurance Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Flood Insurance Study written by United States. Federal Insurance Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Flood insurance categories.
Flood Insurance Study
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Author : United States. Federal Housing Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Flood Insurance Study written by United States. Federal Housing Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Beverly Hills (Tex.) categories.
American River Watershed Investigation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
American River Watershed Investigation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.