Investigating Spatial And Temporal Mercury Trends Of Terrestrial Feeding North American Raptors Using Feathers

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Investigating Spatial And Temporal Mercury Trends Of Terrestrial Feeding North American Raptors Using Feathers

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Author : Ryan P. Bourbour
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Investigating Spatial And Temporal Mercury Trends Of Terrestrial Feeding North American Raptors Using Feathers written by Ryan P. Bourbour and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

Mercury (Hg) contamination in the environment is ubiquitous across the globe and is mainly the result of anthropogenic activities. Hg pollution can move vast distances via atmosphere and waterways and can persist in the environment causing prolonged exposure to organisms far from the pollution source. Once released into the environment, elemental Hg becomes biologically available and enters various food webs where biological functions can be impacted; even low levels of Hg exposure have been shown to negatively affect behavior, reproductive success, development, and survival, especially in avian species. Birds of prey, or raptors, occupy a variety of ecosystems and are increasingly being valued as sentinels for biomonitoring contaminants, such as Hg, over large geographic regions. However, little is currently known about 1) how Hg exposure differs among diurnal raptor species in western North America, 2) how Hg exposure fluctuates in raptor populations over time, and 3) how Hg levels vary for a single raptor species across the continent. To address these questions, we analyzed total mercury (THg) concentrations ([mu]g/g dry weight) in breast feathers collected by raptor migration monitoring sites across North America, where collecting feather samples is often standard procedure. 1) To assess differences in Hg exposure among raptor species in western North America, we analyzed THg concentrations in breast feathers collected from 10 raptor species in the Pacific Flyway. We ran statistical analyses for 9 species and found species, guild (bird specialist or non-bird specialist), and age (juvenile or adult) influenced feather THg concentrations whereas sex (male or female) did not. Feather THg concentrations averaged (Least-squared mean ± standard error [mu]g/g dry weight (dw)) higher for raptors that specialize on avian prey (Bird specialists; Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus: n=113; 4.35 ± 0.45 [mu]g/g dw, Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus: n=12; 3.93 ± 1.11 [mu]g/g dw, Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii: n=20; 2.35 ± 0.50 [mu]g/g dw, and Merlin Falco columbarius: n=59; 1.75 ± 0.28 [mu]g/g dw) than for raptors that consume predominantly small mammalian prey (Non-bird specialists; Northern Harrier Circus hudsonius: n=112; 0.75 ± 0.10 [mu]g/g dw, Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis: n=109; 0.56 ± 0.06 [mu]g/g dw, American Kestrel Falco sparverius: n=16; 0.57 ± 0.14 [mu]g/g dw, Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus: n=10; 0.41 ± 0.13 [mu]g/g dw) except for Red-shouldered Hawks Buteo lineatus: n=10; 1.94 ± 0.61 [mu]g/g dw. 2) To assess Hg exposure trends over time, we analyzed THg concentrations in feathers collected from three species spanning a 13-year period (2002-2014) in the Pacific Flyway. Over the 13-year period, feather THg concentrations were not consistent among species: we found a slight increase with time for juvenile Northern Harriers, no trend for adult Sharp-shinned Hawks, and a slight decrease with time for adult Red-tailed Hawks. Additionally, feather THg concentration in adult Red-tailed Hawks was positively correlated with migration passage date, meaning that individuals migrating through the migration banding site in the Marin Headlands, California later averaged higher THg concentrations in their feathers. 3) To assess Hg trends across North America, we analyzed THg concentrations in breast feathers collected from juvenile Merlins in four North American flyways. Mean feather THg concentrations (Least-squared mean ± standard error [mu]g/g dw) in juvenile merlin averaged greater in the Mississippi Flyway (n=56; 2.14 ± 0.18 [mu]g/g dw) than those in the Pacific Flyway (n=49; 1.15 ± 0.11 [mu]g/g dw) and Intermountain Flyway (n=23; 1.14 ± 0.16 [mu]g/g dw), and Atlantic Flyway (n=38; 1.75 ± 0.19 [mu]g/g dw) averaged greater than the Pacific Flyway. This study demonstrates that feathers collected by raptor migration monitoring sites across North America have utility for biomonitoring Hg contamination in terrestrial food webs across large spatial scales and time. Every raptor breast feather analyzed in this study had detectable concentrations of Hg, which is to be expected due to the ubiquitous nature of Hg pollution in the environment. However, these results highlight that raptors with diets not directly linked to aquatic food webs are still at risk of Hg exposure effects despite receiving relatively little research attention compared to raptors with a high proportion of fish or water birds in their diet. Furthermore, this study highlights elevated Hg exposure risk for terrestrial-feeding raptors that consume a high proportion of songbird prey or are highly associated with contaminated habitats and regions.

Ecosystem Responses To Mercury Contamination

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Author : Reed Harris
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-03-05

Ecosystem Responses To Mercury Contamination written by Reed Harris and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-05 with Science categories.

As rising levels of mercury in the environment pose an increasing threat of toxicity to humans and wildlife, several laws already call for industries to reduce mercury emissions at the source. Ecosystem Responses to Mercury Contamination: Indicators of Change outlines the infrastructure and methods needed to measure, monitor, and regulate the conce

Birds As Monitors Of Environmental Change

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Author : R.W. Furness
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17

Birds As Monitors Of Environmental Change written by R.W. Furness and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.

Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change looks at how bird populations are affected by pollutants, water quality, and other physical changes and how this scientific knowledge can help in predicting the effects of pollutants and other physical changes in the environment.

Mammals And Birds As Bioindicators Of Trace Element Contaminations In Terrestrial Environments

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Author : Elżbieta Kalisińska
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-01

Mammals And Birds As Bioindicators Of Trace Element Contaminations In Terrestrial Environments written by Elżbieta Kalisińska and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-01 with Science categories.

The population explosion that began in the 1960s has been accompanied by a decrease in the quality of the natural environment, e.g. pollution of the air, water and soil with essential and toxic trace elements. Numerous poisonings of people and animals with highly toxic anthropogenic Hg and Cd in the 20th century prompted the creation of the abiotic environment, mainly in developed countries. However, the system is insufficient for long-term exposure to low concentrations of various substances that are mainly ingested through food and water. This problem could be addressed by the monitoring of sentinels – organisms that accumulate trace elements and as such reflect the rate and degree of environmental pollution. Usually these are long-lived vertebrates – herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous birds and mammals, especially game species. This book describes the responses of the sentinels most commonly used in ecotoxicological studies to 17 trace elements.

Stable Isotopes To Trace Migratory Birds And To Identify Harmful Diseases

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Author : G.J. Viljoen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-09

Stable Isotopes To Trace Migratory Birds And To Identify Harmful Diseases written by G.J. Viljoen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-09 with Science categories.

This manuscript discusses the potentials of the approaches as mentioned below to monitor the AIVs in WMW. Molecular diagnostic platforms enable for accurate detection of the AIVs in the feces of infected birds. Similar technologies can be used to determine the bird species through DNA barcoding, enabling non-invasive research on the epidemiology of the disease. Wild migratory waterfowl (WMW) play significant role in the transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) on large distances. Understanding bird migrations may therefore significantly contribute towards understanding of the disease epidemiology, however most conventional approaches to trace WMW migrations are based on capturing, tagging (mostly ringing or GPS devices) and their re-capturing to link the departure and arrival places. Stable isotope ratios in metabolically inert tissues (feathers, beaks, claws) reflect the ratios present at the point of intake (drinking or feeding), thus enabling for tracing bird origins at stopover places. Molecular diagnostic platforms such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enable for accurate detection of the AIVs in the feces of infected birds. Similar technologies (genetic sequencing) can be used to determine the bird species through DNA barcoding. Simple and easy collection of feather and fecal samples at the stopover places may generate a full information package on which species of WMW carries the AIVs (PCR+DNA barcoding on the feces), as well as the origin of these species (SI+DNA barcoding on the feathers). Therefore, such approaches enable for research on the epidemiology and the ecology of the AIVs in WMW using a non-invasive platform, which does not require capturing of WMW. This manuscript discusses the potentials of these approaches to monitor the AIVs in WMW. p>

Technical Background Report For The Global Mercury Assessment 2013

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Author : United Nations Publications
language : en
Publisher: UN
Release Date : 2013

Technical Background Report For The Global Mercury Assessment 2013 written by United Nations Publications and has been published by UN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Political Science categories.

This report details the technical background to the Global Mercury Assessment 2013 - Sources, Emissions, Releases and Environmental Transport (summary for policy-makers) that has been developed in response to Decision 25/5 III, paragraph 36 of the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), that: 'Request the Executive Director, in consultation with Governments, to update the 2008 report entitled Global Atmospheric Mercury Assessment: Sources, Emissions and Transport for consideration by the Governing Council / Global Ministerial Environment Forum at its twenty-seventh session.' This technical background report has been developed in collaboration with the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). As such, this report also constitutes a contribution to the work of AMAP and the Arctic Council

Environmental Chemistry And Toxicology Of Mercury

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Author : Guangliang Liu
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-11-07

Environmental Chemistry And Toxicology Of Mercury written by Guangliang Liu and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-07 with Medical categories.

This book provides the fundamentals, recent developments, and future research needs for critical mercury transformation and transport processes, as well as the experimental methods that have been employed in recent studies. The coverage discusses the environmental behavior and toxicological effects of mercury on organisms, including humans, and provides case studies at the end of each chapter. Bringing together information normally spread across several books, this text is unique in covering the entire mercury cycle and providing a baseline for what is known and what uncertainties remain in respect to mercury cycling.

Mercury As A Global Pollutant

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Author : Donald B. Porcella
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-08-23

Mercury As A Global Pollutant written by Donald B. Porcella and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-23 with Medical categories.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiv PART I MERCURY AND HUMAN HEALTH B. WHEATLEY and S. PARADIS I Exposure of Canadian Aboriginal Peoples to Methylmercury 3-11 M. GIRARD and C. DUMONT I Exposure of James Bay Cree to Methylmercury during Pregnancy for the Years 1983-91 13-19 M. RICHARDSON, M. MITCHELL, S. COAD and R. RAPHAEL I Exposure to Mercury in Canada: A Multimedia Analysis 21-30 M. RICHARDSON, M. EGYED and D. J. CURRIE I Human Exposure to Mercury may Decrease as Acidic Deposition Increases 31-39 L. E. FLEMING, S. WATKINS, R. KADERMAN, B. LEVIN, D. R. AVYAR, M. BIZZIO, D. STEPHENS and J. A. BEAN I Mercury Exposure in Humans through Food Consumption from the Everglades of Florida 41-48 J. M. GEARHART, H. J. CLEWELL III, K. S. CRUMP, A. M. SHIPP and A. SILVERS I Pharmacokinetic Dose Estimates of Mercury in Children and Dose-Response Curves of Performance Tests in a Large Epidemiological Study 49-58 I. SKARE I Mass Balance and Systemic Uptake of Mercury Released from Dental Amalgam Fillings 59-67 J. DELLINGER, N. KMIECIK, S. GERSTENBERGER and H. NGU I Mercury Contamina tion of Fish in the Ojibwa Diet: I. Walleye Fillets and Skin-On versus Skin-Off Sampling 69-76 J. DELLINGER, L. MALEK and M. BEATTIE I Mercury Contamination of Fish in the Ojibwa Diet: II. Sensory Evoked Responses in Rats Fed Walleye 77-83 H. AKAGI, O. MALM, F. J. P. BRANCHES, Y. KINJO, Y. KASHIMA, J. R. D. GUIMARAES, R. B. OLIVEIRA, K. HARAGUCHI, W. C. PFEIFFER, Y.

Environmental Contaminants In Biota

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Author : W. Nelson Beyer
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-02-23

Environmental Contaminants In Biota written by W. Nelson Beyer and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-23 with Science categories.

Examining tissue residues of contaminants in biota reveals the movement of contaminants within organisms and through food chains as well as the context for understanding and quantifying injuries to organisms and their communities. Yet tissue concentrations of some contaminants are especially challenging to interpret and the ability of today’s analytical chemists to provide reliable analytical data of most important environmental contaminants often surpasses the ability of ecotoxicologists to interpret those data. Offering guidance on the ecotoxicologically meaningful interpretation of tissue concentrations, Environmental Contaminants in Biota, Interpreting Tissue Concentrations, Second Edition is updated with current data and new ways of analyzing those data as well as additional contaminants not previously considered. Beginning with a history of wildlife toxicology and data interpretation, chapters cover a wide range of contaminants and their hazardous and lethal concentrations in various animals including DDT, Dioxins, PCBs, and PBDEs in aquatic organisms; methylmurcury, selenium, and trace metals in fishes and aquatic invertebrates; and pharmaceuticals and organic contaminants in marine mammals. The book considers the impact of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans, and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers; cyclodiene; and other organochlorine pesticides in birds and mammals. Later chapters examine the effects and analysis of lead, cadmium, and radionuclides in biota. With thousands of published research papers reporting tissue concentrations each year, Environmental Contaminants in Biota, Interpreting Tissue Concentrations, Second Edition gives ecotoxicologists the ability to draw actionable value regarding the toxicological consequences of those concentrations and relate tissue concentrations quantitatively to injury: the core of ecotoxicology.

Habitats And Biota Of The Gulf Of Mexico Before The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

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Author : C. Herb Ward
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-26

Habitats And Biota Of The Gulf Of Mexico Before The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill written by C. Herb Ward and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. The Gulf of Mexico is an open and dynamic marine ecosystem rich in natural resources but heavily impacted by human activities, including agricultural, industrial, commercial and coastal development. The Gulf of Mexico has been continuously exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons for millions of years from natural oil and gas seeps on the sea floor, and more recently from oil drilling and production activities located in the water near and far from shore. Major accidental oil spills in the Gulf are infrequent; two of the most significant include the Ixtoc I blowout in the Bay of Campeche in 1979 and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in 2010. Unfortunately, baseline assessments of the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before these spills either were not available, or the data had not been systematically compiled in a way that would help scientists assess the potential short-term and long-term effects of such events. This 2-volume series compiles and summarizes thousands of data sets showing the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Volume 2 covers historical data on commercial and recreational fisheries, with an analysis of marketing trends and drivers; ecology, populations and risks to birds, sea turtles and marine mammals in the Gulf; and diseases and mortalities of fish and other animals that inhabit the Gulf of Mexico.