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Investigation Into Freezing Thawing Durability Of Low Permeability Concrete With And Without Air Entraining Agent


Investigation Into Freezing Thawing Durability Of Low Permeability Concrete With And Without Air Entraining Agent
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Investigation Into Freezing Thawing Durability Of Low Permeability Concrete With And Without Air Entraining Agent


Investigation Into Freezing Thawing Durability Of Low Permeability Concrete With And Without Air Entraining Agent
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Author : Kejin Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Investigation Into Freezing Thawing Durability Of Low Permeability Concrete With And Without Air Entraining Agent written by Kejin Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Concrete categories.


The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of low-permeability concrete, made with reduced water-to-binder ratios (w/b) and/or supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), on the need for air entrainment to achieve freezing-thawing (F-T) durability. In the present study, concrete mixes were made with different types of cement (Type I and IP), with or without fly ash replacement (15%), with different water-to-binder ratios (w/b=0.25, 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55), and with or without air entraining agent (AEA). All concrete mixtures were controlled to have a similar slump by using different dosages of superplasticizer. The rapid chloride permeability and F-T durability of the concrete samples were determined according to ASTM C1202 and ASTM C666A, respectively. The air void structure of the concrete was studied using the Air Void Analyzer, Rapid Air, and porosity tests (ASTM C642). In addition, the general concrete properties, such as slump, air content, unit weight, and 28-day compressive strength, were evaluated. The results indicate that all concrete mixes with proper air entrainment (ASTM C23 air content greater than or equal to 6%) showed good F-T resistance (durability factor greater than or equal to 86%). All concrete mixes without AEA showed poor F-T resistance (durability factor less than 40%), except for one mix that had very low permeability and high strength. This was the concrete made with Type IP cement and with a w/b of 0.25, which had a permeability of 520 coulombs and a compressive strength of 12,760 psi (88 MPa). There were clear relationships between the F-T durability and hardened concrete properties of non-air entrained concrete. However, such relationships did not exist in concrete with AEA. For concrete with AEA, good F-T durability was associated with an air void spacing factor less than or equal to 0.28 mm (by AVA) or less than or equal to 0.22 mm (by RapidAir).



Effects Of Strength Permeability And Air Void Parameters On Freezing Thawing Resistance Of Concrete With And Without Air Entrainment


Effects Of Strength Permeability And Air Void Parameters On Freezing Thawing Resistance Of Concrete With And Without Air Entrainment
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Author : Gilson Lomboy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Effects Of Strength Permeability And Air Void Parameters On Freezing Thawing Resistance Of Concrete With And Without Air Entrainment written by Gilson Lomboy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Air void categories.


The present research is aimed at investigating effects of concrete properties, particularly concrete rapid chloride permeability, strength, and air void parameters, on freezing-thawing (FT) resistance. In this study, concrete mixtures are made with different types of cement (Types I with 15 % class C fly ash and Type IP cements), different water-to-binder ratios (w/b=0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55), and with or without air entraining agent. The 28-day compressive strength, rapid chloride permeability, and FT durability of the concrete are determined according to ASTM C873, C1202, and C666A, respectively. The air void parameters of the concrete are measured with air void analyzer, Rapid Air, and porosity (ASTM C642) tests. The results indicate that although concrete made with a low w/b (≤0.35) has low rapid chloride permeability (≤1320 C), it generally still requires proper air entrainment for a desirable FT resistance (with a durability factor of ≥85 %), except for the concrete having very low rapid chloride permeability (520 C) and very high 28-day compressive strength (88 MPa or 12 760 psi). For the non-air-entrained concrete studied, there are clear relationships between FT durability and porosity, w/b, and permeability. However, such relationships do not exist for air-entrained concrete. The FT resistance of air-entrained concrete is largely dependent on the concrete air void characteristics.



An Investigation Into The Effects Of Fly Ash On Freeze Thaw Durability Prediction


An Investigation Into The Effects Of Fly Ash On Freeze Thaw Durability Prediction
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Author : Yancy Schrader
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

An Investigation Into The Effects Of Fly Ash On Freeze Thaw Durability Prediction written by Yancy Schrader and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.


Air is purposefully entrained into concrete primarily to improve resistance to freeze-thaw deterioration while saturated with water. Air entraining admixtures (AEAs) are chemical admixtures designed to entrain air into the concrete to provide adequate resistance to the effects of freezing and thawing. One of the challenges associated with air entrainment in concrete is the interaction of an AEA with supplementary cementitious materials present in the concrete, particularly fly ash. Fly ash is a by-product of the coal fired electrical generation industry, and often contains residual unburned carbon and other components that can increase the AEA demand of a particular concrete mix. Properly estimating the amount of AEA required to reach the specified air content in a concrete containing fly ash is of utmost importance to the ready mix concrete supplier, as an insufficient air content may lead to job site rejection and the resultant monetary losses. This study aimed to better relate fly ash and concrete properties obtainable prior to final concrete placement, to direct measures of concrete durability obtainable only after the concrete has set and been put into service. A new device known as the Super Air Meter (SAM) was studied concurrently to better examine the relationship between its System Air Metric number (SAM number) and hardened concrete durability properties. Generally, fly ashes with higher foam index values and surface areas required higher dosages of AEAs to reach a specified air content value. No such relationship could be determined with the more commonly available loss on ignition percentage of the fly ash. The SAM number correctly predicted an acceptable spacing factor in 9 out of 12 different concretes tested, although all of the concretes tested displayed poor performance in freeze-thaw durability. These results demonstrate that air content testing alone is not necessarily sufficient to ensure high quality, durable concrete structures.



Freeze Thaw Durability Of Concrete


Freeze Thaw Durability Of Concrete
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Author : J. Marchand
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2004-03-01

Freeze Thaw Durability Of Concrete written by J. Marchand and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-01 with Architecture categories.


Concrete durability in climates where freezing and thawing occurs is a continuing problem. It is particularly acute for highway and bridge structures, where de-icing salts are used to combat the effects of frost, snow and ice. These salts can cause damage to concrete and accelerate corrosion of reinforcements. This book presents the latest international research on this area, with contributions from North America and Europe which were presented at an international RILEM workshop.



Report On Cooperative Freezing And Thawing Tests Of Concrete


Report On Cooperative Freezing And Thawing Tests Of Concrete
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Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board. Committee on Durability of Concrete, Physical Aspects
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1959

Report On Cooperative Freezing And Thawing Tests Of Concrete written by National Research Council (U.S.). Highway Research Board. Committee on Durability of Concrete, Physical Aspects and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1959 with Concrete categories.


A program of cooperative freezing-and-thawing tests of concrete specimens was conducted by thirteen laboratories using the four ASTM tentative methods of test. Three concrete mixtures were used, involving different aggregates and two different air contents.



Concrete Permeability And Durability Performance


Concrete Permeability And Durability Performance
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Author : Roberto J. Torrent
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-12-22

Concrete Permeability And Durability Performance written by Roberto J. Torrent and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.


Durability and service life design of concrete constructions have considerable socio-economic and environmental consequences, in which the permeability of concrete to aggressive intruders plays a vital role. Concrete Permeability and Durability Performance provides deep insight into the permeability of concrete, moving from theory to practice, and presents over 20 real cases, such as Tokyo’s Museum of Western Art, Port of Miami Tunnel and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao sea-link, including field tests in the Antarctic and Atacama Desert. It stresses the importance of site testing for a realistic durability assessment and details the "Torrent Method" for non-destructive measurement of air-permeability. It also delivers answers for some vexing questions: Should the coefficient of permeability be expressed in m2 or m/s? How to get a "mean" pore radius of concrete from gas-permeability tests? Why should permeability preferably be measured on site? How can service life of reinforced concrete structures be predicted by site testing of gas-permeability and cover thickness? Practitioners will find stimulating examples on how to predict the coming service life of new structures and the remaining life of existing structures, based on site testing of air-permeability and cover thickness. Researchers will value theoretical principles, testing methods, as well as how test results reflect the influence of concrete mix composition and processing.



Freezing And Thawing Resistance Of High Strength Concrete


Freezing And Thawing Resistance Of High Strength Concrete
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Author : Robert E. Philleo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986

Freezing And Thawing Resistance Of High Strength Concrete written by Robert E. Philleo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Concrete categories.


Recent developments have made a new generation of high-strength concrete a viable material for routine construction. The two principal developments are high-range water-reducing admixtures, which permit the placement of concrete of very low water-cement ratio, and silica fume, a pozzolan of extremely high fineness. The advent of this high- strength concrete has put requirements for strength and durability in conflict. Because entrained air reduces the strength of concrete, builders seek to eliminate or limit the use of entrained air. There are those who argue that high-strength concrete is of such a quality that entrained air is unnecessary. Much of the high-strength concrete currently being used is in buildings, where the question of durability is minor. The question, however, cannot be avoided in exposed highway structures. Service records of non-air-entrained high-strength concrete exposed to freezing are not conclusive. Hence, this report synthesizes the available knowledge on the subject. Its aim is to provide guidance to those who wish to use high-strength concrete in typical highway applications and to indicate where further information is needed.



Expert Knowledge Based Systems For Cement And Concrete


Expert Knowledge Based Systems For Cement And Concrete
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Author : Lawrence J. Kaetzel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991

Expert Knowledge Based Systems For Cement And Concrete written by Lawrence J. Kaetzel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Expert systems (Computer science) categories.




Durability Of Concrete In Cold Climates


Durability Of Concrete In Cold Climates
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Author : M. Pigeon
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2010-02-25

Durability Of Concrete In Cold Climates written by M. Pigeon and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.


This book provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of durability of the frost resistance of concrete. It will enable both concrete materials specialists and practising engineers to better understand the deterioration processes which take place during freezing and thawing, and the effects of de-icing salts on concrete. It shows how test procedures can be used to provide worthwhile information and explains the many problems associated with their use. Durability of Concrete in Cold Climates explains how concrete can be designed and produced to be durable in cold environments, through careful selection of materials, mixture composition and proper use of air entrainment. It is fully illustrated with photographs and diagrams and contains over 250 references to sources and other publications. The main topics covered are: theories of frost ction and de-icer salt scaling mechanisms; laboratory tests; influence of materials and mix characteristics; air entrainment; field performance; and frost durability of dry concretes.



Frost Resistance Of Concrete


Frost Resistance Of Concrete
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Author : R Auberg
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2004-03-01

Frost Resistance Of Concrete written by R Auberg and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-01 with Architecture categories.


This book forms the proceedings of the international workshop to be held in Essen, Germany. This workshop summarises the conclusion of the technical committee's investigations into the resistance of concrete to freeze-thaw attack, specific in this to resistance with or without de-icing chemicals. It presents the RILEM recommendations on testing the freeze-thaw and de-icing salt resistance of concrete.