Investigation Into Irreversible Sorption Of Pesticides To Soil
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Investigation Into Irreversible Sorption Of Pesticides To Soil
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Author : Laura Suddaby
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Investigation Into Irreversible Sorption Of Pesticides To Soil written by Laura Suddaby and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The importance of extremely slow retention and release has superseded the notion that sorption of pesticides to soil is an instantaneous and reversible process. A fraction of sorbed pesticide is also often reported to bind irreversibly to the soil matrix. This has important implications for pesticide mobility and bioavailability. It is essential to understand sorption phenomena to allow accurate prediction of pesticide fate within the soil environment. This thesis describes the result of applying a sequential extraction procedure, based on the principles of isotope or "self-exchange", to nine pesticide/soil systems. The significance of irreversible sorption in controlling pesticide mobility was assessed using isotope exchange (12C and 14C) to characterise pesticide exchange kinetics in-situ over protracted time-scales. Sequential extraction increased in harshness in the order: isotope exchange forced isotope exchange solvent extraction. Three pesticides (one neutral, one basic, one acidic) and three temperate, arable soils (ranging in texture and pH) were studied. A three-site sorption model was developed to further interpret the data obtained. Although results showed the experimental design of the isotope exchange technique was not powerful enough to identify whether remaining sorbed pesticide was participating in slowly reversible or irreversible sorption, the forced isotope exchange procedure was able to provide an indication of amounts of pesticide not participating in exchange between the soil and solution. Under abiotic conditions, only minimal amounts of initial-applied pesticide were found to take part in irreversible binding. Soil combustion quantified irreversible sorption in the order: chlorotoluron (≤ 2.27 ± 0.36%) prometryn (≤ 1.35 ± 0.60%) hexaconazole (≤ 0.50 ± 0.06%). Varying the soil composition had little effect on amounts of irreversibly sorbed pesticide, probably due to the small amounts of irreversible sorption observed overall. These results suggest that the vast majority of sorbed chlorotoluron, prometryn and hexaconazole (in the parent form) participated in very slow but reversible binding, a result also confirmed by the three-site sorption model. Pesticide sorption behaviour is a complex process. Although sorption phenomena are still not fully understood, these results provide a greater insight into the significance of irreversible binding for predicting pesticide fate.
Investigation Into Irreversible Sorption Of Pesticides To Soil
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Author : Laura Anne Suddaby
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Investigation Into Irreversible Sorption Of Pesticides To Soil written by Laura Anne Suddaby and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Adsorption Movement And Biological Degradation Of Large Concentrations Of Selected Pesticides In Soils
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Author : Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Adsorption Movement And Biological Degradation Of Large Concentrations Of Selected Pesticides In Soils written by Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Pesticides categories.
Pesticide Soil Interactions
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Author : Juan Cornejo
language : en
Publisher: Quae
Release Date : 2000-01-01
Pesticide Soil Interactions written by Juan Cornejo and has been published by Quae this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This joint-authored book brings together approximately 50 current research methods developed and implemented in research laboratories in Europe to study pesticide/soil interactions. Its usefulness for researchers, teachers and professionals concerned by the environmental impact of pesticides was one of the major elements taken into consideration when structuring this book. It will be a valuable asset to chemists, physical chemists, biochemists, biologists and geologists interested in studying the behaviour of pesticides in soils.
Sorption And Degradation Of Pesticides And Organic Chemicals In Soil
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Author : Daniel M. Linn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Sorption And Degradation Of Pesticides And Organic Chemicals In Soil written by Daniel M. Linn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Science categories.
Reports the current thinking on the role that adsorption may play in the rate and extent of an organic compound's degradation in the soil. Among the topics of the 14 papers are diazinon degradation and dissipation in the root zone, the reductive dechlorination of hexachlorobenzene in wetland soils, and the utility of sorption and degradation parameters from the literature for site-specific pesticide impact assessments. Proceedings from an October 1991 symposium in Denver. No index. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Transport Fate Of Chemicals In Soils
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Author : H. Magdi Selim
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-09-17
Transport Fate Of Chemicals In Soils written by H. Magdi Selim and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-17 with Science categories.
During the last four decades, tremendous advances have been made towards the understanding of transport characteristics of contaminants in soils, solutes, and tracers in geological media. Transport & Fate of Chemicals in Soils: Principles & Applications offers a comprehensive treatment of the subject complete with supporting examples of mathematical models that describe contaminants reactivity and transport in soils and aquifers. This approach makes it a practical guide for designing experiments and collecting data that focus on characterizing retention as well as release kinetic reactions in soils and contaminant transport experiments in the laboratory, greenhouse), and in the field. The book provides the basic framework of the principals governing the sorption and transport of chemicalsin soils. It focuses on physical processes such as fractured media, multiregion, multiple porosities, and heterogeneity and effect of scale as well as chemical processes such as nonlinear kinetics, release and desorption hysteresis, multisite and multireaction reactions, and competitive-type reactions. The coverage also includes details of sorption behavior of chemicals with soil matrix surfaces as well the integration of sorption characteristics with mechanisms that govern solute transport in soils. The discussions of applications of the principles of sorption and transport are not restricted to contaminants, but also include nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace elements including essential micronutrients, heavy metals, military explosives, pesticides, and radionuclides. Written in a very clear and easy-to-follow language by a pioneer in soil science, this book details the basic framework of the physical and chemical processes governing the transport of contaminants, trace elements, and heavy metals in soils. Highly practical, it includes laboratory methods, examples, and empirical formulations. The approach taken by the author gives you not only the fundamentals of understanding of reactive chemicals retention and their transport in soils and aquifers, but practical guidance you can put to immediate use in designing experiments and collecting data.
Adsorption And Desorption Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides By Organic Humic Sludge
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Author : Fu-Sheng Chien
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Adsorption And Desorption Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides By Organic Humic Sludge written by Fu-Sheng Chien and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Humic acid categories.
"This research study was undertaken to investigate the fundamental sorption and desorption of selected organic pesticides by organic humic acids under laboratory-controlled conditions. Emphasis was placed on the evaluation of both the rate and the equilibrium of adsorption and desorption. Two types of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides were employed in this study. These are dieldrin and heptachlor, both of which are commonly used in today's agricultural applications. The adsorbent of organic humic acids was extracted from a coal-like substance called "leonardite," which has a humus content as high as 53 percent by weight. The experimental work of this study was conducted in two steps. The first step was a batch study which was used to evaluate the rate and the equilibrium of sorption and desorption. The second step was a column study by which an aqueous pesticide solution was pumped through several adsorbent columns. In both steps of the study, the adsorbent was composed of either organic humic acids or leonardite; in some tests these two materials were mixed with various amounts of montmorillonite clay in an attempt to evaluate their effects on the clay adsorption for pesticides. Results of this study indicate that the relative rates of pesticide adsorption decrease in the order of: clay> leonardite> humic acids. However, the relative adsorptive capacities of these adsorbents are in the reverse order. Both humic acids and leonardite are able to form a layer of water film around the particle surface because of their hydrophilic nature. Before the water film is developed, a large fraction of the initial quantity of pesticide can be adsorbed directly and rapidly on the particle surface. Thereafter, additional adsorption appears to be gradual because pesticide molecules have to diffuse through the water film before the adsorption takes place on the particle surface. The equilibrial adsorption of dieldrin and heptachlor by humic acids and leonardite is generally in well accord with the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption is generally irreversible as evidenced by the non-coincidence nature of the adsorption and desorption isotherms. This suggests that the mechanism of pesticide adsorption is accomplished primarily by some strong forces of interactions. From the chemical nature of humic acids and the experimental pesticides, it is believed that the adsorption mechanism may include, but is not limited to, the dipole-dipole or iondipole interactions, and the formation of the hydrogen bonding or some other types of chemical bonding"--Abstract, leaves ii-iii.
Pesticides In Soil And Water
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Author : W. D. Guenzi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Pesticides In Soil And Water written by W. D. Guenzi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Science categories.
Pesticide-clay-water interactions; Pesticide organic matter interactions; Movement of pesticides in soil; Movement of pesticides in surface water; Volatilization of pesticides; nonbiological degradation of pesticides; Degradation of pesticides by soil microorganisms; Persistence of pesticides in soil; Effects of soil on the biological activity of pesticides; Plant uptake of insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants from soils; Effects of pesticides on microorganisms in soil and water; Effects of pesticides on nontarget invertebrates in freshwater and soil; Prevention and detoxification of pesticide residues in soil; Removal of organic pesticides from water to improve quality; Extraction and analytical techniques for pesticides in soil, sediment, and water.
Pesticides Remediation Technologies From Water And Wastewater
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Author : Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2022-04-26
Pesticides Remediation Technologies From Water And Wastewater written by Mohammad Hadi Dehghani and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-26 with Science categories.
Pesticides Remediation Technologies from Water and Wastewater focuses on environmental aspects and health effects of pesticides, the use of conventional and AOPs technologies, and adsorption processes and nanomaterials for the removal of pesticides from water and wastewater. The deterioration of water quality is of great concern due to its effects on aquatic organisms, humans and the ecosystem. Among the pollutants, pesticides are a major concern in villages and farm land. This edited book bridges the gap between old and new knowledge about the categorization of pesticides, the presence of them in water, wastewater, soil and foods, and new methods to detect them from water matrices. This edited book provides the necessary basic knowledge to new researchers who want to learn about pesticides and the ways to eliminate them in aqueous matrices. Moreover, it is also a helpful resource for mature researchers in this field, providing them with new trends in water and wastewater treatment processes, preparation and application of novel adsorbent materials. Includes methods for effectively removing pesticides from potable water and water bodies Provides techniques that are eco-friendly and that do not use toxic chemicals and are lower in cost Presents information needed to identify severe health effects on human beings and aquatic animals
Deconstructing Adsorption Variability
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Author : Emma Louise Christie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Deconstructing Adsorption Variability written by Emma Louise Christie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Due to potential environmental risks of pesticides, it is important that the fate of pesticides is known and that safer pesticides are developed in the future. This thesis focused on identifying controls on the Koc of pesticides in soil based on their structural parameters. This thesis also developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to predict the environmental fate of new pesticides. To understand the controls on Koc, a range of multivariate statistical techniques were used including; principal component analysis, and analysis of variance. Predictive models were created using logistic regression, and multiple linear regression. The study found adsorption of pesticides in soil is controlled by a combination of size and solubility parameters. Logistic regression models were able to predict the adsorption potential of metabolites, relative to their parent based on metabolite structures. This study found that adsorption behaviour of pesticides was fairly specific to different chemical groups. A QSAR model for Koc was constructed for a group of early stage compounds and could predict Koc to just over an order of magnitude. The results of this study have implications for the pesticide development process. If developed further to include a wider range of chemical groups then the models have the potential to reduce the dependence on laboratory tests in the early stages of the development process. However, this study also questions the use of Koc as a predictive parameter and offers alternative solutions to predicting environmental fate of pesticides.