Ischaemia

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Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury

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Author : Pierce A. Grace
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Release Date : 1999-02-04

Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury written by Pierce A. Grace and has been published by Wiley-Blackwell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-02-04 with Medical categories.

Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury is concerned with the consequences of interrupting and restoring blood flow to tissues. Many common clinical conditions are caused by interruption of blood flow to tissues (eg, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke); blood flow is also interrupted deliberately in many surgical procedures (eg, cardiac surgery, arterial surgery, transplant surgery, limb surgery with tourniquet). In treating such conditions or after performing such operations the aim of the clinician is to restore the blood supply to the ischaemic tissue. Paradoxically, restoration of blood flow to ischaemic tissues can lead to further tissue damage with the potential for severe local and systemic injury. This book focuses on the clinical, pathological and biochemical processes involved in ischaemia-reperfusion injury and gives an overview of the strategies that may be adopted to mitigate or prevent such injury. This book will be of interest to both clinicians and scientists who have to deal with or have interest in this difficult but important problem.

Critical Leg Ischaemia

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Author : John A. Dormandy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Critical Leg Ischaemia written by John A. Dormandy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Jean Natali The pathophysiology and management of chronic critical limb -ischaemia (CLI) has always been a problematic area, at least partly because it involves doc tors from a wide range of the traditional medical specialities including vascular surgery, angiology, diabetology, haematology and radiology. The treatment of these patients also varies largely with local circumstances and national traditions. CLI therefore seemed a particularly appropriate subject for a new type of European consensus approach. In 1988 a series of small workshops were held by the European Working Group on Critical Limb Ischaemia to discuss the definition, pathophysiology, in vestigation and management of this condition. The process culminated in a meet ing in Berlin in March, 1989 where 120 specialists from sixteen European countries, representing the basic sciences as well as a spectrum of clinical dis ciplines, met to evolve a Consensus Document on the subject with specific recom mendations. The Document, which is reproduced in the first section of this book, does not of course necessarily represent the unanimous view of all those who participated in its compilation; however it is agreed that it does represent a con sensus or majority view. It was also noted that the comments and recommenda tions in the document should be taken as a whole, and are not intended to dictate the only correct approach to individual treatment.

Myocardial Ischaemia

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Author : K. Thygesen
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Release Date : 1991-01-15

Myocardial Ischaemia written by K. Thygesen and has been published by Wiley-Blackwell this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-01-15 with Medical categories.

Myocardial ischaemia is the most common cause of death in the western world, and encompasses the range of conditions in which the myocardium, or heart muscle, is deprived of oxygen to some extent, and, as a result, becomes damaged (ischaemic). The most common ischaemic heart disease is angina and it is caused by narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis). This book presents some of the more recent advances in this field, covering a wide spectrum from the ischaemic cell to manifest ischaemic heart disease. Chapters cover:; Epidemiological aspects; Late management, therapeutic approach; Late management, risk stratification and prognosis; Treatment of coronary syndromes; Arrhythmias and sudden death; Coronary syndromes; Myocardial dysfunction; Myocardial metabolism; and Coronary flow and myocardial perfusion

Ischaemic Heart Disease

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Author : K. Fox
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Ischaemic Heart Disease written by K. Fox and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

This book attempts to focus on the most important clinical aspects of ischaemic heart disease. Clearly, in no way is it supposed to be a comprehensive review of the subject, but it does attempt to address the most important topics for everyday practising clinicians. The question of epidemiology is topical both in the lay and medical press and is, therefore, covered in some detail. It is the editor's opinion that proper understanding of the clinical manifestations of the disease and, therefore, subsequent investigation and treatment are based on a detailed understanding of the pathology and pathophysiology, and as a result these subjects have also been covered in detail. In the last decade there have been considerable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of angina and also the haemodynamic and metabolic consequences of both angina and myocardial infarction. Again, if appropriate investigations and treatment are to be undertaken, they can only be done with the proper knowledge of the disease being investigated. Finally, the investigation and management of the various mani festations of ischaemic heart disease have been addressed. In the last ten years there has been an explosion in the drugs available for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease and how they should be used has become much more sophisticated. The place of coronary artery surgery has now been rationalized and angioplasty provides an important adjunct to treatment.

Cerebral Ischaemia

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Author : Jacques Bories
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Cerebral Ischaemia written by Jacques Bories and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Numerous meetings have been devoted to cerebral The angiographic study specifies the indications vascular accidents during the last few years. Never of angiography in the study of cerebral ischemia, and theless our experience at La Salpetriere shows that the techniques to be used. It shows the main etiologic cerebral infarcts are not always well explored. Indi aspects. Because of the important place of vascular cations for angiography today, as well as the main surgery today, it seemed necessary to show also the CT aspects during the evolution of ischemia seem main post operative angiographic aspects. not to be always well known by radiologists. We After CT and angiography, some pages are re therefore thought it useful to have a special issue de served to more modem techniques: positron emis voted to cerebral ischemia; this is also the reason sion tomography which will perhaps allow us to bet why this special issue looks more like a thoroughly ter understand the pathophysiological signification worked out study than one exclusively devoted to a of imaging and magnetic resonance imaging, which limited number of scientific papers. will perhaps allow us to detect ischemic edema in the After a brief clinical and pathophysiological ap reversible stage, prior to frank infarction.

Imaging Ischaemia

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Author : Martin St. John Sutton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000-01-01

Imaging Ischaemia written by Martin St. John Sutton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Ischemia categories.

Systemic Response To Local Ischaemia

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Author : Pankaj Saxena
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Systemic Response To Local Ischaemia written by Pankaj Saxena and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Ischemia categories.

[Truncated abstract] Life on our planet is possible because of oxygen. All mammals, including humans, evolved with an innate mechanism by which organs and cells may protect themselves against lack or excess of oxygen to some extent. This lack and excess of oxygen that occurs during interruption and restoration of blood supply to an organ is referred to as ischaemia-reperfusion (IR). IR is a ubiquitous phenomenon that accounts for a number of pathophysiological conditions. A prolonged period of ischaemia followed by reperfusion causes IR injury and leads to significant damage to the affected organ. The activation of a systemic inflammatory response is associated with the most detrimental effects of IR injury. It has been noticed that brief episodes of intermittent ischaemia applied locally render significant protection against subsequent prolonged lethal ischaemic insult. This was termed ischaemic pre-conditioning (IPC). Later, however, it was observed that similar protection occurs when brief intermittent episodes of ischemia and reperfusion were applied during or after prolonged ischaemia. These phenomena were termed per-conditioning and post-conditioning. Thus, protection against prolonged ischaemia by brief episodes of IR has recently evolved into the unified concept of ischemic conditioning (IC). It appears that brief intermittent episodes of ischaemia of the arm or leg can significantly decrease the systemic inflammatory response triggered by subsequent prolonged ischaemia of organs located remotely from the site of conditioning, for instance heart, lung, liver or kidney. Hence, remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a global form of organ protection against ischaemia. The first clinical randomized controlled trial of RIPC application suggested that clinically relevant protection can be achieved by RIPC. Despite the proven benefits of the conditioning effects, the overall application of this organ protective strategy in clinical practice has been limited thus far. It is known that neutrophils play a key role in IR injury. Bradykinin (BK) is one of the strongest known activators of neutrophils and the associated inflammatory response. Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that BK can induce preconditioning-type protection against IR injury. It appears that preconditioning decreases the activation of neutrophils during the IR injury. While it is known that BK activates neutrophils via the kinin-receptors, the mechanism by which this mediator may induce a preconditioning-type protection is, as yet, unclear. Furthermore, if neutrophils are crucial to the transfer of RIPC stimulus to distant organs, how is the signal transferred across the blood-brain barrier? Does RIPC protect the brain? The blood brain barrier creates a unique set of physiological conditions that allow a glimpse into the mechanisms of RIPC. The aim of this thesis is to further elucidate the mechanisms responsible for RIPC in order to facilitate its transition to wider clinical application and to determine promising areas for future research...

Ischaemia

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Author : M. Marber
language : en
Publisher: BIOS Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 1996-07-01

Ischaemia written by M. Marber and has been published by BIOS Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-07-01 with Science categories.

Most research on myocardial protection is now focused on ischaemic preconditioning. This book is a unique collection of articles by researchers at the cutting edge of preconditioning research. Using a multidisciplinary approach, it presents information on the mechanisms of preconditioning and examines how these mechanisms are relevant to the human heart.

Acute And Long Term Medical Management Of Myocardial Ischaemia

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Author : Åke Hjalmarson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Acute And Long Term Medical Management Of Myocardial Ischaemia written by Åke Hjalmarson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Coronary heart disease categories.

Ischaemia In Head Injury

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Author : Thomas C.G. Smith
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Ischaemia In Head Injury written by Thomas C.G. Smith and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

One of the best attended satellite symposia at the 1995 Neurosurgical Congress in Berlin was on ischaemia in head injury. Its aim, according to its chairman, Professor Francois Cohadon of Bordeaux, was primarily to review the current concept of brain ischaemia in trauma, its diagnosis and its clinical management. Professor Cohadon himself is pre-eminent in the field of accident and emergency surgery in France. Introducing the other speakers, he welcomed Professor Graham Teasdale of Glasgow and Dr Mark Dearden, now of Leeds, as products of the Scottish schools of traumatic neurosurgery. He was especially pleased to see in the audience Professor Jennett, the father of these schools, to which, Professor Cohadon said, all neurosurgeons are indebted for in numerable major contributions to our understanding of traumatic brain injury. Professor Nicholas Dorsch of Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia, and Dr Kakarieka of the Bayer Research Group, were the two final speakers. Professor Cohadon introduced the concept of secondary damage after brain trauma. Professor Teasdale described the pathological and clinical evidence of ischaemic damage in brain trauma, and Dr Dearden described its mechanisms and methods for the clinical monitoring of the threat to patients. Professor Dorsch described the role of traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (TSAH) in causing vasospasm after brain trauma, and the consequences for eventual recovery. The meeting was completed by Dr Kakarieka, who gave the first report on a randomized, con trolled trial of nimodipine in patients with TSAH.