Islamische Apostasie Im Osmanischen Reich Eine Untersuchung Der Tanzimat Reformen
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Islamische Apostasie Im Osmanischen Reich Eine Untersuchung Der Tanzimat Reformen
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Author :
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2023-01-04
Islamische Apostasie Im Osmanischen Reich Eine Untersuchung Der Tanzimat Reformen written by and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-04 with History categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich Geschichte - Sonstiges, Note: 1,7, Universität Duisburg-Essen (Historisches Institut), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Osmanische Reich gilt als eine der größten und erfolgreichsten Dynastien der Geschichte, das sich vor allem dadurch auszeichnete, eine tolerante Haltung gegenüber anderen abrahamitischen Religionen als die des Islams einzunehmen. Die Befolgung des Millet-Systems erlaubte es nichtmuslimischen Bürgern ihre Religion zu einem gewissen Grade und unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen auszuüben, jedoch war der Alltag der sogenannten Dhimmis (Schutzbefohlenen) auch von starken Einschränkungen geprägt. Unter anderem führte dies bei der nichtmuslimischen Gesellschaft gemeinsam mit dem Aufstieg der christlichen Weltmacht mit der Zeit zu einer spürbaren Verringerung der ethnisch-nationalen Verbundenheit zum Osmanischen Reich. Die Thematik der Religionsfreiheit und der Apostasie, sowie das Einmischen der europäischen Großmächte und das zwanghafte Festhalten an Tradition waren weitere Aspekte, die zu einer schwerwiegenden Problematik für die osmanische Herrschaft im 19. Jahrhundert wurden. Um eine konfessionell-übergreifende Zugehörigkeit zum Osmanischen Reich zu konstituieren und dem Zerfall des Reiches entgegenzuwirken, wurden deshalb verschiedene Reformen ins Leben gerufen. Die Tanzimat-Ära sollte in der Theorie durch die Gleichstellung aller Religionen und die Nichtigkeit vorheriger Einschränkungen – aber auch Privilegien, eine positive Auswirkung auf die Sicht aller Bürger bezüglich ihrer Identität zum Osmanischen Reich und ihrem Gefühl von nationaler Einheit erzielen und ein Schritt in Richtung Modernisierung sein. Vielmehr jedoch führten die Verordnungen eher zu weiteren politischen sowie sozialen Brüchen innerhalb der Gesellschaft.
Islam S Perfect Stranger
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Author : Edward Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11-23
Islam S Perfect Stranger written by Edward Thomas and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-23 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Can Sudan, one of Africa's most diverse countries, function as an Islamic state? Mahmud Muhammad Taha posed an original answer to this question. Taha was the charismatic leader of the 'Republican Brothers and Sisters', a small group of Sudanese nationalists who called for a mystical, inclusive reinterpretation of Islam that ended traditional legal discriminations against women and non-Muslims. Taha's followers pitched his sometimes controversial mix of law and mysticism on Sudanese street corners in the 1970s. Sudanese Islamist politicians, who used a more divisive interpretation of Islam, opposed him vigorously. When they gained control of the state in the chaotic 1980s, Taha was executed. In Taha's first biography, Edward Thomas explores the life and ideas of an important Sudanese reformer who has become a symbol for resistance, tolerance and human rights.
Islam The West And Tolerance
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Author : A. Tyler
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-04-14
Islam The West And Tolerance written by A. Tyler and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-14 with Political Science categories.
This book provides an honest assessment of the contemporary relationship between Western and Islamic cultures and puts forth the cross-cultural idea of tolerance as one invaluable approach for affecting peaceful coexistence.
The Rise Of The Ottoman Empire
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Author : Paul Wittek
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-05-20
The Rise Of The Ottoman Empire written by Paul Wittek and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-20 with History categories.
Paul Wittek’s The Rise of the Ottoman Empire was first published by the Royal Asiatic Society in 1938 and has been out of print for more than a quarter of a century. The present reissue of the text also brings together translations of some of his other studies on Ottoman history; eight closely interconnected writings on the period from the founding of the state to the Fall of Constantinople and the reign of Mehmed II. Most of these pieces reproduces the texts of lectures or conference papers delivered by Wittek between 1936 and 1938 when he was teaching at Université Libré in Brussels, Belgium. The books or journals in which they were originally published are for the most part inaccessible except in specialist libraries, in a period when Wittek's activities as an Ottoman historian, in particular his formulations regarding the origins and subsequent history of the Ottoman state (the "Ghazi thesis"), are coming under increasing study within the Anglo-Saxon world of scholarship. An introduction by Colin Heywood sets Wittek's work in its historical and historiographical context for the benefit of those students who were not privileged to experience it firsthand. This reissue and recontextualizing of Wittek’s pioneering work on early Ottoman history makes a valuable contribution to the field and to the historiography of Asian and Middle Eastern history generally.
Deconstructing The American Mosque
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Author : Akel Ismail Kahera
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Deconstructing The American Mosque written by Akel Ismail Kahera and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Architecture categories.
From the avant-garde design of the Islamic Cultural Center in New York City to the simplicity of the Dar al-Islam Mosque in Abiquiu, New Mexico, the American mosque takes many forms of visual and architectural expression. The absence of a single, authoritative model and the plurality of design nuances reflect the heterogeneity of the American Muslim community itself, which embodies a whole spectrum of ethnic origins, traditions, and religious practices. In this book, Akel Ismail Kahera explores the history and theory of Muslim religious aesthetics in the United States since 1950. Using a notion of deconstruction based on the concepts of "jamal" (beauty), "subject," and "object" found in the writings of Ibn Arabi (d. 1240), he interprets the forms and meanings of several American mosques from across the country. His analysis contributes to three debates within the formulation of a Muslim aesthetics in North America—first, over the meaning, purpose, and function of visual religious expression; second, over the spatial and visual affinities between American and non-American mosques, including the Prophet's mosque at Madinah, Arabia; and third, over the relevance of culture, place, and identity to the making of contemporary religious expression in North America.
Crossing The Divide
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Crossing The Divide written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Civilization categories.
Sinan
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Author : Aptullah Kuran
language : tr
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Sinan written by Aptullah Kuran and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Architecture categories.
Orthodox Christianity And Nationalism In Nineteenth Century Southeastern Europe
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Author : Lucian N. Leustean
language : en
Publisher: Fordham Univ Press
Release Date : 2014-07-02
Orthodox Christianity And Nationalism In Nineteenth Century Southeastern Europe written by Lucian N. Leustean and has been published by Fordham Univ Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-02 with Religion categories.
Nation-building processes in the Orthodox commonwealth brought together political institutions and religious communities in their shared aims of achieving national sovereignty. Chronicling how the churches of Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, and Serbia acquired independence from the Patriarchate of Constantinople in the wake of the Ottoman Empire’s decline, Orthodox Christianity and Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Southeastern Europe examines the role of Orthodox churches in the construction of national identities. Drawing on archival material available after the fall of communism in southeastern Europe and Russia, as well as material published in Greek, Serbian, Bulgarian, Romanian, and Russian, Orthodox Christianity and Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Southeastern Europe analyzes the challenges posed by nationalism to the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the ways in which Orthodox churches engaged in the nationalist ideology.
Toleration
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Author : David Heyd
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1998-07-01
Toleration written by David Heyd and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-07-01 with Philosophy categories.
If we are to understand the concept of toleration in terms of everyday life, we must address a key philosophical and political tension: the call for restraint when encountering apparently wrong beliefs and actions versus the good reasons for interfering with the lives of the subjects of these beliefs and actions. This collection contains original contributions to the ongoing debate on the nature of toleration, including its definition, historical development, justification, and limits. In exploring the issues surrounding toleration, the essays address a variety of provocative questions. Is toleration a moral virtue of individuals or rather a pragmatic political compromise? Is it an intrinsically good principle or only a "second best-solution" to the dangers of fanaticism to be superseded one day by the full acceptance of others? Does the value of toleration lie in respect to individuals and their autonomy, or rather in the recognition of the right of minority groups to maintain their communal identity? Throughout, the contributors point to the inherent indeterminacy of the concept and to the difficulty in locating it between intolerant absolutism and skeptical pluralism. Religion, sex, speech, and education are major areas requiring toleration in liberal societies. By applying theoretical analysis, these essays show the differences in the argument for toleration and its scope in each of these realms. The contributors include Joshua Cohen, George Fletcher, Gordon Graham, Alon Harel, Moshe Halbertal, Barbara Herman, John Horton, Will Kymlicka, Avishai Margalit, David Richards, Thomas Scanlon, and Bernard Williams.
The Place Of Tolerance In Islam
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Author : Khaled Abou El Fadl
language : en
Publisher: Beacon Press
Release Date : 2002-11-08
The Place Of Tolerance In Islam written by Khaled Abou El Fadl and has been published by Beacon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-08 with Religion categories.
Khaled Abou El Fadl, a prominent critic of Islamic puritanism, leads off this lively debate by arguing that Islam is a deeply tolerant religion. Injunctions to violence against nonbelievers stem from misreadings of the Qur'an, he claims, and even jihad, or so-called holy war, has no basis in Qur'anic text or Muslim theology but instead grew out of social and political conflict. Many of Abou El Fadl's respondents think differently. Some contend that his brand of Islam will only appeal to Westerners and students in "liberal divinity schools" and that serious religious dialogue in the Muslim world requires dramatic political reforms. Other respondents argue that theological debates are irrelevant and that our focus should be on Western sabotage of such reforms. Still others argue that calls for Islamic "tolerance" betray the Qur'anic injunction for Muslims to struggle against their oppressors. The debate underscores an enduring challenge posed by religious morality in a pluralistic age: how can we preserve deep religious conviction while participating in what Abou El Fadl calls "a collective enterprise of goodness" that cuts across confessional differences? With contributions from Tariq Ali, Milton Viorst, and John Esposito, and others.