Italy S First Steps Towards A New Europe 1945 1957
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Italy S First Steps Towards A New Europe 1945 1957
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Author : Anna Leiber
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2014-10-23
Italy S First Steps Towards A New Europe 1945 1957 written by Anna Leiber and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-23 with Political Science categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1,0, University of Pavia, language: English, abstract: In 2007, the European Union celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Treaties of Rome, and thus its official hour of birth after many years of intensive negotiations, which had lasted from 1945 till 1957. From the very beginning on, Italy “had been amongst the keenest supporters of the European integration, both at the popular and the government levels” (Comelli 2011: 2) and had played an important role within all early proceedings. Especially under the political leadership of Alcide de Gasperi, Italy became one of the most influential negotiators and until today, the country is considered a triumphant founding nation of the European Union (Di Nolfo 1980: 145). This widespread pro-European attitude, however, has declined dramatically during the last decades. This negative relationship between Italy and the European Union, however, might be recovering from now on. Matteo Renzi, who got elected the new Italian prime minister in February this year, seems willing to contribute decisive activities to move the Italian population again closer to Europe. As a first important step, Renzi used his government declaration to underline the his-torical significance of the European Union and the urgent necessity for Italy to restart European cooperation (N24.de 2014). Referring to his prominent political precursor, Alcide de Gasperi, the Italian prime minister promised to close the gap between Italy and Europe again. Picking up this recent look back to the founding period of the European Union by the Italian prime minister, this paper focuses on exactly that time and analyses Italy’s contribution during the early European integration. Political scientists and historians often divide this process in three main parts: the after-war period between 1945 and 1949, the beginning of multilateral negotiations from 1949 till 1954, and finally the most important time for the European unification ending with the ratification of the Treaties of Rome in 1957 (Di Nolfo 1980: 148). In the subsequent analysis, I will follow this structure and thereby concentrate on the most decisive events that took place within the different periods - first and foremost the Brussels and Atlantic Pact (1948), the Schuman Declaration (1950), the European Defence Community (1952), the Spaak Committee (1955), and the Treaties of Rome (1957).
Europe In Crisis
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Author : Mark Hewitson
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2012
Europe In Crisis written by Mark Hewitson and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with History categories.
The period between 1917 and 1957, starting with the birth of the USSR and the American intervention in the First World War and ending with the Treaty of Rome, is of the utmost importance for contextualizing and understanding the intellectual origins of the European Community. During this time of 'crisis,' many contemporaries, especially intellectuals, felt they faced a momentous decision which could bring about a radically different future. The understanding of what Europe was and what it should be was questioned in a profound way, forcing Europeans to react. The idea of a specifically European unity finally became, at least for some, a feasible project, not only to avoid another war but to avoid the destruction of the idea of European unity. This volume reassesses the relationship between ideas of Europe and the European project and reconsiders the impact of long and short-term political transformations on assumptions about the continent's scope, nature, role and significance.
Transformations Of Retailing In Europe After 1945
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Author : Lydia Langer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-02-17
Transformations Of Retailing In Europe After 1945 written by Lydia Langer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-17 with History categories.
After World War II, structures, practices and the culture of retailing in most West European countries went through a period of rapid change. The post-war economic boom, the emergence of a mass consumer society, and the adaptation of innovations which already had been implemented in the USA during the interwar period, revolutionized the world of getting and spending. But the implementation of self-service and the supermarket, the spread of the department store and the mail order business were not only elements of a transatlantic catch up process of 'Americanization' of retailing. National patterns of the retail trade and specific cultures of consumption remained crucial, and long term processes of change, starting in the 1920s or 1930s, also had an impact on the transformation of retailing in post-war Europe. This volume presents a series of case-studies looking at transformations of retailing in several European countries, offering new insights into the structural preconditions of the emerging mass consumer societies and also into the consequences consumerism had on the practices of retailing.
An Economic And Social History Of Western Europe Since 1945
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Author : Anthony Sutcliffe
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-09-19
An Economic And Social History Of Western Europe Since 1945 written by Anthony Sutcliffe and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-19 with History categories.
This is the ideal companion text to A Political History of Western Europe Since 1945. It is an introductory survey which explains how western Europe built up its postwar prosperity and is moving towards continental integration. Themes treated include: the origins of the EC; consumerism; youth culture and protest; immigration; the oil crisis and its aftermath; and the contrasting experience and expectations of the Nordic world and the Mediterranean south. The book ends with the consequences of Soviet collapse. Designed for general history students, it assumes no formal knowledge of economics, and is notably accessible and user-friendly in its approach.
The Routledge Handbook Of Contemporary Italy
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Author : Andrea Mammone
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-05-15
The Routledge Handbook Of Contemporary Italy written by Andrea Mammone and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-15 with Political Science categories.
The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Italy provides a comprehensive account of Italy and Italian politics in the 21st Century. Featuring contributions from many leading scholars in the field, this Handbook is comprised of 28 chapters which are organized to deliver unparalleled analysis of Italian society, politics and culture. A wide range of topics are covered, including: Politics and economy, and their impact on Italian society Parties and new politics Regionalism and migrations Public memories Continuities and transformations in contemporary Italian society. This is an essential reference work for scholars and students of Italian and Western European society, politics, and history.
Eu Law Concentrate
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Author : Matthew J. Homewood
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2014
Eu Law Concentrate written by Matthew J. Homewood and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Law categories.
If you're serious about exam success, it's time to Concentrate EU Law Concentrate is the essential study and revision guide for law students looking to consolidate knowledge and achieve the best possible marks in their exams. Providing clear, succinct coverage of the essential topics, it enables you to quickly grasp the fundamental principles of this area of law and excel in exams. Each guide in the Concentrate series has been rigorously reviewed and is endorsed by students and lecturers for its high level of coverage, accuracy, and exam advice. Packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, practice exam questions, and more, EU Law Concentrate is also supported by a wide range of online resources to further your learning Online Resource Centre (http: //www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/orc/concentrate) DT Plan your revision using the printable topic overviews DT Target the areas you need to concentrate on with the diagnostic test and key facts checklist DT Test your knowledge of EU law with multiple choice questions and receive feedback on your answers DT Improve your essay-writing skills using the outline answers and expert guidance DT Revise the key facts and cases of the subject using the interactive flashcards DT Learn the important terms and definitions using the interactive glossary DT Explore the subject in more depth with extensive further reading recommendations DT Achieve better marks with the aid of experienced advice on revision and exam technique
Britain And Germany In Europe 1949 1990
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Author : Jeremy Noakes
language : en
Publisher: Studies of the German Historic
Release Date : 2002
Britain And Germany In Europe 1949 1990 written by Jeremy Noakes and has been published by Studies of the German Historic this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Business & Economics categories.
Anglo-German relations since 1945 have been generally cordial but subject to bouts of acute tension. This volume by leading historians from both countries examines major political issues and broader contacts between the two societies. It suggests that British perceptions have remained coloured by fears of German dominance, aggravated by the success of the Federal Republic and the relative decline of Britain in the post-war period.
The Euro And Its Central Bank
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Author : Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2004-07-23
The Euro And Its Central Bank written by Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-07-23 with Business & Economics categories.
History and analysis of European monetary integration and related economic, financial, monetary, and international political issues: an accesible guide. This history and analysis of the euro and the European Central Bank traces the process of European monetary integration from its beginnings as a utopian vision in the aftermath of World War II through the establishment of a single currency managed by a central bank. Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, a central banker who has been involved in the making of European monetary unification since 1979, offers an accessible guide to the euro and the European Central Bank for scholars, students, and the general reader, discussing the related economic, financial, monetary, and international political issues. In the process he also provides an overview of central banking in general and the multiple activities of a central bank; as the case of the European Central Bank illustrates, central banking involves not only monetary analysis and policy but much else, including banknote printing and handling, market operations, payment systems, bank supervision, and coordinating with other public institutions.Padoa-Schioppa begins with the historical background of European monetary integration, starting with the 1957 Treaty of Rome, which lay the foundation for the Common Market, and covering the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, the development of an anchor currency, and the "euroskepticism" of the U.K. Subsequent chapters are devoted to economic policy, monetary policy, the euro as unifier in the financial system, the payment system, the euro as an international actor outside "euroland," and the challenges ahead for the still relatively young project of European monetary integration.
The Frontier Of National Sovereignty
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Author : AlanS. Milward
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-05
The Frontier Of National Sovereignty written by AlanS. Milward and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-05 with History categories.
Many theoretical explanations had been offered for the rise of the European Community, but none had used historical analysis to draw out the deeper significance of the events that surrounded Maastricht. However, in this book, first published in 1993, the authors explored the process of European integration, and its future, drawing on extensive empirical research into the national archives of the member states. The authors brought their findings together in this consistently argued book to provide a new and coherent theory of European integration, which threw a fresh light on unexplored aspects of EC policy. The debate over the Treaty of Maastricht shows how ill-understood are the issues involved, and this book is intended to improve that understanding. It is essential reading to students of history, international relations and political science.
Crises In European Integration
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Author : Ludger Kühnhardt
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2011-01-15
Crises In European Integration written by Ludger Kühnhardt and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-15 with Business & Economics categories.
While the major trends in European integration have been well researched and constitute key elements of narratives about its value and purpose, the crises of integration and their effects have not yet attracted sufficient attention. This volume, with original contributions by leading German scholars, suggests that crises of integration should be seen as engines of progress throughout the history of European integration rather than as expressions of failure and regression, a widely held assumption. It therefore throws new light on the current crises in European integration and provides a fascinating panorama of how challenges and responses were guiding the process during its first five decades.