Julian The Apostate In Byzantine Culture
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Julian The Apostate In Byzantine Culture
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Author : Stefano Trovato
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2022-07-15
Julian The Apostate In Byzantine Culture written by Stefano Trovato and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-15 with History categories.
Julian, the last pagan emperor of the Roman empire, died in war in 363. In the Byzantine (that is, the Eastern Roman) empire, the figure of Julian aroused conflicting reactions: antipathy towards his apostasy but also admiration for his accomplishments, particularly as an author writing in Greek. Julian died young, and his attempt to reinstate paganism was a failure, but, paradoxically, his brief and unsuccessful policy resonated for centuries. This book analyses Julian from the perspectives of Byzantine Culture. The history of his posthumous fortune reveals differences in cultural perspectives and it is most intriguing with regard to the Eastern Roman empire which survived for almost a millennium after the fall of the Western empire. Byzantine culture viewed Julian in multiple ways, first as the legitimate emperor of the enduring Roman empire; second as the author of works written in Greek and handed down for generations in the language that scholars, the Church, and the state administration all continued to use; and third as an open enemy of Christianity. Julian the Apostate in Byzantine Culture will appeal to researchers and students alike in Byzantine perspectives on Julian, Greco-Roman Paganism, and the Later Roman Empire, as well as those interested in Byzantine Historiography.
Julian The Apostate And The Rise Of Christianity
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Author : Francis A. Ridley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1937
Julian The Apostate And The Rise Of Christianity written by Francis A. Ridley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1937 with Church history categories.
Julian The Apostate
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Author : Shaun Tougher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Julian The Apostate written by Shaun Tougher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Was Julian the Apostate the prospective saviour of the Roman Empire, or was he largely out-of-touch? Was he an evangelist for Mithraism, or an altogether more traditional pagan? These questions and more are asked and discussed, allowing students to reach their own verdict on this controversial emperor.
A Companion To Julian The Apostate
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Author : Hans-Ulrich Wiemer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
A Companion To Julian The Apostate written by Hans-Ulrich Wiemer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Byzantine Empire categories.
Few Roman emperors enjoy such fame as Julian the Apostate (361-363), the man who tried in vain to reverse the transformation of the Roman Empire into a Christian monarchy. This companion synthesizes international research on Julian and develops new perspectives on his rule.
Emperor And Author
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Author : Nicholas J. Baker-Brian
language : en
Publisher: Classical Press of Wales
Release Date : 2012-12-31
Emperor And Author written by Nicholas J. Baker-Brian and has been published by Classical Press of Wales this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-31 with History categories.
This volume offers the first comprehensive analysis in English of all the writings of Julian (r. AD 361-363), the last pagan emperor of Rome, noted for his frontal and self-conscious challenge to Christianity. The book also contains treatments of Julian's laws, inscriptions, coinage, as well as his artistic programme. Across nineteen papers, international specialists in the field of Late Antique Studies offer original interpretations of an extraordinary figure: emperor and philosopher, soldier and accomplished writer. Julian, his life and writings, are here considered as parts of the tumult in politics, culture and religion during the Fourth Century AD. New light is shed on Julian's distinctive literary style and imperial agenda. The volume also includes an up-to-date, consolidated bibliography.
The Last Pagan Emperor
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Author : H. C. Teitler
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-02-13
The Last Pagan Emperor written by H. C. Teitler and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-13 with History categories.
Flavius Claudius Julianus was the last pagan to sit on the Roman imperial throne (361-363). Born in Constantinople in 331 or 332, Julian was raised as a Christian, but apostatized, and during his short reign tried to revive paganism, which, after the conversion to Christianity of his uncle Constantine the Great early in the fourth century, began losing ground at an accelerating pace. Having become an orphan when he was still very young, Julian was taken care of by his cousin Constantius II, one of Constantine's sons, who permitted him to study rhetoric and philosophy and even made him co-emperor in 355. But the relations between Julian and Constantius were strained from the beginning, and it was only Constantius' sudden death in 361 which prevented an impending civil war. As sole emperor, Julian restored the worship of the traditional gods. He opened pagan temples again, reintroduced animal sacrifices, and propagated paganism through both the spoken and the written word. In his treatise Against the Galilaeans he sharply criticised the religion of the followers of Jesus whom he disparagingly called 'Galilaeans'. He put his words into action, and issued laws which were displeasing to Christians--the most notorious being his School Edict. This provoked the anger of the Christians, who reacted fiercely, and accused Julian of being a persecutor like his predecessors Nero, Decius, and Diocletian. Violent conflicts between pagans and Christians made themselves felt all over the empire. It is disputed whether or not Julian himself was behind such outbursts. Accusations against the Apostate continued to be uttered even after the emperor's early death. In this book, the feasibility of such charges is examined.
Against The Galilaeans
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Author : Julian Apostate
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-11-13
Against The Galilaeans written by Julian Apostate and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-13 with categories.
First published in 363 AD., this is possibly the most censored book in history. Christian Church Father Cyril of Alexandria called it the most dangerous book ever written and it was burned by official edict of the Christian emperor Justinian in 592 AD. Its author, Julian, was himself an emperor of Rome (361-363 AD). Upon taking the throne, reversed the laws making Christianity the Empire's official religion and produced this work refuting the major principles of that religion. Using logic and satire, Julian pointed out the Hebrew origins of the religion, its inherent contradictions and its inversion of classical Hellenic and Roman thought patterns. As a result, he was given the title "Apostate" (from the Greek apostasia, the formal renunciation of a religion) by Christian historians. The book was suppressed after Julian's death in battle the same year it was published, and the last copies were burned by order of Justinian two hundred years later. What remains of Julian's work-captured in these pages-has been reconstructed out of Churchmen's attempts to refute the last pagan emperor of Rome. It is, I think, expedient to set forth to all mankind the reasons by which I was convinced that the fabrication of the Galilaeans is a fiction of men composed by wickedness. - Flavius Claudius Julianus Augustus, Emperor of Rome 361-363 A.D. Contents Julianus Apostata: Emperor of Rome (361-363 AD) Biographical Sketch Book I Man Possesses Knowledge of God by Nature; Hellenic Myths; Jewish Myths Compared with Pagan Ideas; Christianity Denies Humans the Ability to Distinguish Right from Wrong; Plato versus Moses; Bible Does Not Say God Created Earth; Hebrew God Only for Jews; Paul's Contradictions about Jews' Chosen Status; Jesus Sent Only to the Jews, not the Gentiles; Paganism's Concept of the Creator; Why are Races Different?; Homer, Moses, and the Confounding of Men's Languages; Differences in Culture between Nations; Moses Claims Hebrew God is Wiser than all Other Gods; Nature at Variance with Christian God; The Ten Commandments Analyzed; Hebrew God says He is Jealous-But Condemns Men for Being Jealous; Hebrew Concept of Revenge Different from Non-Jews; Hebrews Contributed Nothing of Value to Culture, even Though they Claim to be Chosen by their God; The Most Wicked Pagans are not as Bad as the Hebrew God's Vengeance; The Foolish Cult of Worship of the "Corpse of the Jew"; Emptiness of Hebrew Religious Heritage-Except for Savage Barbarity; Christians Emulate "Rages and Bitterness of the Jews"; Why Desert our Gods for the Jews?; No Alexanders or Caesars among the Hebrews; No Hebrew Culture or Arts; The Downgrading Effect of Hebrew Philosophy versus the Uplifting Effect of Hellenic and Roman Writing; Hebrew Writings not Divine; Non-Christians Have Superior Science, Art and Culture; Christianity "Compounds Rashness of the Jews and the Vulgarity of the Gentiles"; Implausibility of Jesus' Divinity; One God or Many?; Further Contradictions of Moses; Bible says Israel, not Jesus, is "God's Firstborn Son"; Bible Demands Burnt Sacrifices But Christians Refuse to Obey; Christians also Disobey Biblical Dietary Laws; Hebrew Laws Change at Will; John was the First to Call Jesus God, not the Bible; Why do Christians Grovel at Tombs?; Christian God Disapproves of the Division of the Sacrifice; Circumcision is Part of the Hebrew Heritage, Not of Others; Shooting Stars and Birds: The Necromancy of Moses; Book II: Fragments "End Times Signs" Always Here; Moses and Jesus; Jesus in the Wilderness and in the City; No-one Else Saw Jesus and the Angel; Ridiculous and Impossible Advice to "Sell All You Have"; Jesus was Supposed to Take Away Sin, but Sin has Increased; Simplicity of Believing Gentiles Mocked by Matthew.
From Constantine To Julian Pagan And Byzantine Views
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Author : Samuel Lieu
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2002-11
From Constantine To Julian Pagan And Byzantine Views written by Samuel Lieu and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11 with History categories.
Provides students with important source material covering an age of major transition in Europe - the establishment of Rome as a Christian empire. Most of the material was previously unavailable in English.
Julian The Apostate
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Author : Glen Warren Bowersock
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1978
Julian The Apostate written by Glen Warren Bowersock and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Proceeding directly from an evaluation of the ancient sources--the testimony of friends and enemies of Julian as well as the writings of the emperor himself--the author traces Julian's youth, his command of the Roman forces in Gaul, and his emergence as sole ruler in the course of a dramatic march to Constantinople.
Against The Galileans
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Author : Julian the Apostate, Emperor of Rome
language : en
Publisher: Dalcassian Publishing Company
Release Date : 2019-11-02
Against The Galileans written by Julian the Apostate, Emperor of Rome and has been published by Dalcassian Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-02 with categories.
Against the Galileans (Ancient Greek: Κατὰ Γαλιλαίων; Latin: Contra Galilaeos), meaning Christians, was a Greek polemical essay written by the Roman emperor Julian, commonly known as Julian the Apostate, during his short reign (361–363). Despite having been originally written in Greek, it is better known under its Latin name, probably due to its extensive reference in the polemical response Contra Julianum by Cyril of Alexandria.