L Vy Matters Vi
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Introduction To The Physics Of Massive And Mixed Neutrinos
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Author : Samoil Bilenky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-09-14
Introduction To The Physics Of Massive And Mixed Neutrinos written by Samoil Bilenky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-14 with Science categories.
For many years neutrino was considered a massless particle. The theory of a two-componentneutrino,whichplayedacrucialroleinthecreationofthetheoryof theweakinteraction,isbasedontheassumptionthattheneutrinomassisequalto zero. We now know that neutrinos have nonzero, small masses. In numerous exp- iments with solar, atmospheric, reactor and accelerator neutrinos a new p- nomenon, neutrino oscillations, was observed. Neutrino oscillations (periodic transitionsbetweendifferent?avorneutrinos? ,? ,? )arepossibleonlyifneutrino e ? ? mass-squareddifferencesaredifferentfromzeroandsmalland?avorneutrinosare “mixed”. The discovery of neutrino oscillations opened a new era in neutrino physics: an era of investigation of neutrino masses, mixing, magnetic moments and other neutrino properties. After the establishment of the Standard Model of the el- troweak interaction at the end of the seventies, the discovery of neutrino masses was the most important discovery in particle physics. Small neutrino masses cannot be explained by the standard Higgs mechanism of mass generation. For their explanation a new mechanism is needed. Thus, small neutrino masses is the ?rst signature in particle physics of a new beyond the Standard Model physics. It took many years of heroic efforts by many physicists to discover n- trino oscillations. After the ?rst period of investigation of neutrino oscillations, manychallengingproblemsremainedunsolved.Oneofthemostimportantisthe problem of the nature of neutrinos with de?nite masses. Are they Dirac n- trinos possessing a conserved lepton number which distinguish neutrinos and antineutrinos or Majorana neutrinos with identical neutrinos and antineutrinos? Many experiments of the next generation and new neutrino facilities are now under preparation and investigation. There is no doubt that exciting results are ahead.
Intelligent Agents Vi Agent Theories Architectures And Languages
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Author : Nicholas R. Jennings
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2006-12-29
Intelligent Agents Vi Agent Theories Architectures And Languages written by Nicholas R. Jennings and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-12-29 with Computers categories.
Intelligent agents are one of the most important developments in computer science in the 1990s. Agents are of interest in many important application areas, ranging from human-computer interaction to industrial process control. The ATAL workshop series aims to bring together researchers interested in the core aspects of agent technology. Speci?cally, ATAL addresses issues such as th- ries of agency, software architectures for intelligent agents, methodologies and programming languages for realizing agents, and software tools for developing and evaluating agent systems. One of the strengths of the ATAL workshop series is its emphasis on the synergies between theories, infrastructures, architectures, methodologies, formal methods, and languages. This year’s workshop continued the ATAL trend of attracting a large n- ber of high-quality submissions. In more detail, 75 papers were submitted to the ATAL-99 workshop, from 19 countries. After stringent reviewing, 22 papers wereacceptedforpresentationattheworkshop.Aftertheworkshop,thesepapers were revised on the basis of comments received both from the original reviewers and from discussions at the workshop itself. This volume contains these revised papers.
Electrostatics Of Soft And Disordered Matter
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Author : David S. Dean
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-05-02
Electrostatics Of Soft And Disordered Matter written by David S. Dean and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-02 with Science categories.
Recently, there has been a surge of activity to elucidate the behavior of highly charged soft matter and Coulomb fluids in general. Such systems are ubiquitous, especially in biological matter where the length scale and the strength of the interaction between highly charged biomolecules are governed by strong electrostatic effects. Several interesting limits have been discovered in the parameter space of highly charged many-particle Coulomb matter where analytical progress is possible and completely novel and unexpected results have been obtained. One of the challenges in highly charged matter is to correctly describe systems with finite coupling strength in the transition regime between weak and strong couplings. After studying the fluctuations of both, several theories have been developed that describe this experimentally highly relevant regime. At the same time, computer simulation algorithms and computing power have advanced to the level where all-ion simulations, including many-body and polarization effects, are possible; the new theories thus can be subjected to numerical confirmation. Another important question is the effect of the structural disorder on electrostatic interactions. It has recently been demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that charge disorder can impose long-range interaction between charged or even uncharged surfaces. These interactions might become very significant in biological processes. Filling a void in the literature, this volume cross-pollinates different theoretical and simulation approaches with new experiments and ties together the low temperature, high coupling constant, and disorder parameters in a unified description of the electrostatic interactions, which largely determine the stability and conformations of most important biological macromolecules. With striking graphical illustrations, the book presents a unified view of the current advances in the field of Coulomb (bio)colloidal systems, building on previous literature that summarized the field over 20 years ago. Leading scientists in the field offer a detailed introduction to different modern methods in statistical physics of Coulomb systems. They detail various approaches to elucidate the behavior of strongly charged soft matter. They also provide experimental and theoretical descriptions of disorder effects in Coulomb systems, which have not been discussed in any other book.
International Encyclopedia Of Linguistics
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Author : William Frawley
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2003-05
International Encyclopedia Of Linguistics written by William Frawley and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2nd Edition encompasses the full range of the contemporary field of linguistics, including historical, comparative, formal, mathematical, functional, and philosophical linguistics with special attention given to interrelations within branches of linguistics and to relations of linguistics with other disciplines. Areas of intersection with the social and behavioral sciences--ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and behavioral linguistics--receive major coverage, along with interdisciplinary work in language and literature, mathematical linguistics, computational linguistics, and applied linguistics.Longer entries in the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ranging up to four thousand words, survey the major fields of study--for example, anthropological linguistics, history of linguistics, semantics, and phonetics. Shorter entries treat specific topics within these fields, such as code switching, sound symbolism, and syntactic features. Other short entries define and discuss technical terms used within the various subfields or provide sketches of the careers of important scholars in the history of linguistics, such as Leonard Bloomfield, Roman Jakobson, and Edward Sapir.A major portion of the work is its extensive coverage of languages and language families. From those as familiar as English, Japanese, and the Romance languages to Hittite, Yoruba, and Nahuatl, all corners of the world receive treatment. Languages that are the subject of independent entries are analyzed in terms of their phonology, grammatical features, syntax, and writing systems. Lists attached to each article on a language group or family enumerate all languages, extinct or still spoken, within that group and provide detailed information on the number of known speakers, geographical range, and degree of intelligibility with other languages in the group. In this way, virtually every known language receives coverage.For ease of reference and to aid research, the articles are alphabetically arranged, each signed by the contributor, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, line drawings, maps, tables, and diagrams, and readily accessible via a system of cross-references and a detailed index and synoptic outline. Authoritative, comprehensive, and innovative, the 2nd edition of the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics will be an indispensable addition to personal, public, academic, and research libraries and will introduce a new generation of readers to the complexities and concerns of this field of study.
Soft Matter In Foods
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Author : Graeme Gillies
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2025-06-23
Soft Matter In Foods written by Graeme Gillies and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Using soft matter physics to understand food materials at different length scales creates new opportunities for scientists in academia and industry to enhance the properties, production, and nutritional quality of processed foods. Recognising the growing transfer of knowledge between the food science and soft matter communities, the editors have brought together a wealth of expertise with rich insights for both. Beginning with the fundamentals, this book describes the behaviour of colloids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in the context of soft matter science. Chapters on techniques and the behaviour of soft matter systems open the soft matter toolbox, providing food scientists with new approaches to characterise food. Taking a soft matter approach to a range of real food systems, chapters on applications provide a practical demonstration of the synergy between food science and soft matter.
Generalized Dynamics Of Soft Matter Quasicrystals
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Author : Tian-You Fan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-10-14
Generalized Dynamics Of Soft Matter Quasicrystals written by Tian-You Fan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-14 with Science categories.
The book systematically introduces the mathematical models and solutions of generalized hydrodynamics of soft-matter quasicrystals (SMQ). It provides methods for solving the initial-boundary value problems in these systems. The solutions obtained demonstrate the distribution, deformation and motion of the soft-matter quasicrystals, and determine the stress, velocity and displacement fields. The interactions between phonons, phasons and fluid phonons are discussed in some fundamental materials samples. Mathematical solutions for solid and soft-matter quasicrystals are compared, to help readers to better understand the featured properties of SMQ.
Soft Matter Systems For Biomedical Applications
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Author : Leonid Bulavin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-09-27
Soft Matter Systems For Biomedical Applications written by Leonid Bulavin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-27 with Science categories.
This book addresses new challenges in soft matter and colloids. It presents timely reports on colloidal self-assembly, soft matters from liquid crystals, nanoparticles in liquid crystals, hydrocolloids, hybrid nanosystems, nanosuspensions, and dispersion of nanoparticles in different media, soft matter processing and modern experiments related with soft matters.
Elements Of Properties Of Matter
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Author : DS Mathur
language : en
Publisher: S. Chand Publishing
Release Date : 2008
Elements Of Properties Of Matter written by DS Mathur and has been published by S. Chand Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Science categories.
The book is a comprehensive work on Properties of Matter which introduces the students to the fundamentals of the subject. It adopts a unique 'ab initio' approach to the presentation of matter- solids, liquids and gasses- with extensive usage of Calculus throughout the book. For each topic, the focus is on optimum blend of theory as well as practical application. Examples and extensive exercises solved with the logarithms reinforce the concepts and stimulate the desire among users to test how far they have grasped and imbibed the basic principles. It primarily caters to the undergraduate courses offered in Indian universities.
Novel Methods In Soft Matter Simulations
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Author : Mikko Karttunen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-03-15
Novel Methods In Soft Matter Simulations written by Mikko Karttunen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-15 with Science categories.
Soft matter and biological systems pose many challenges for theoretical, experimental and computational research. From the computational point of view, these many-body sytems cover variations in relevant time and length scales over many orders of magnitude. Indeed, the macroscopic properties of materials and complex fluids are ultimately to be deduced from the dynamics of the microsopic, molecular level. In these lectures, internationally renowned experts offer a tutorial presentation of novel approaches for bridging these space and time scales in realistic simulations. This volume addresses graduate students and nonspecialist researchers from related areas seeking a high-level but accessible introduction to the state of the art in soft matter simulations.
Jee Main Properties Of Matter 7 Days Crash Course
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Author : Disha Experts
language : en
Publisher: Disha Publications
Release Date : 2019-12-24
Jee Main Properties Of Matter 7 Days Crash Course written by Disha Experts and has been published by Disha Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-24 with categories.