Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality And The Opening Of China S Economy
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Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality And The Opening Of People S Republic Of China S Economy
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Author : Thomas Warren Hertel
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality And The Opening Of People S Republic Of China S Economy written by Thomas Warren Hertel and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with China categories.
The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality"--Abstract.
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality And The Opening Of China S Economy
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Author : Thomas Hertel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality And The Opening Of China S Economy written by Thomas Hertel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The authors evaluate the impact of two key factor market distortions in China on rural-urban inequality and income distribution. They find that creation of a fully functioning land market has a significant impact on rural-urban inequality. This reform permits agricultural households to focus solely on the differential between farm and non-farm returns to labor in determining whether to work on or off-farm. This gives rise to an additional 10 million people moving out of agriculture by 2007 and lends a significant boost to the incomes of those remaining in agriculture. This off-farm migration also contributes to a significant rise in rural-urban migration, thereby lowering urban wages, particularly for unskilled workers. As a consequence, rural-urban inequality declines significantly. The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality.
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality And The Opening Of China S Economy
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Author : Thomas W. Hertel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality And The Opening Of China S Economy written by Thomas W. Hertel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Hertel and Zhai evaluate the impact of two key factor market distortions in China on rural-urban inequality and income distribution. They find that creation of a fully functioning land market has a significant impact on rural-urban inequality. This reform permits agricultural households to focus solely on the differential between farm and nonfarm returns to labor in determining whether to work on or off-farm. This gives rise to an additional 10 million people moving out of agriculture by 2007 and lends a significant boost to the incomes of those remaining in agriculture. This off-farm migration also contributes to a significant rise in rural-urban migration, thereby lowering urban wages, particularly for unskilled workers. As a consequence, rural-urban inequality declines significantly.The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27.When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality.This paper - a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to evaluate the poverty impacts of trade policy reforms.
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inquality And The Opening Of People S Republic Of China S Economy
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Author : Thomas Warren Hertel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inquality And The Opening Of People S Republic Of China S Economy written by Thomas Warren Hertel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality And The Opening Of The People S Republic Of China Economy
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Author : Thomas Hertel
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2008-05
Labor Market Distortions Rural Urban Inequality And The Opening Of The People S Republic Of China Economy written by Thomas Hertel and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Evaluates the impact of some key factor market reforms on rural-urban inequality & income distribution, using a household-disaggregated, recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model of the People¿s Republic of China. It also explores how these factor market reforms interact with product market reforms currently under way as part of the country¿s World Trade Org. (WTO) accession process. The simulation results show that reforms in the rural land rental market & hukou system, as well as increasing off-farm labor mobility, would reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically. Furthermore, the combination of WTO accession & factor market reforms improves both efficiency & equality significantly. Charts, tables & graphs.
Unemployment Inequality And Poverty In Urban China
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Author : Hiroshi Sato
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-11-28
Unemployment Inequality And Poverty In Urban China written by Hiroshi Sato and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Although the Chinese economy is growing at a very high rate, there are massive social dislocations arising as a result of economic restructuring. Though the scale of the problem is huge, very few studies have examined the changes in income inequality in the late 1990s due to a lack of data on household incomes. Based on extensive original research, this book redresses this imbalance, examining the issue of unemployment and the problems it has brought for the people of China. Investigating the market outcomes in post-reform urban China, the book focuses on the relationships between unemployment, inequality, and poverty. In addition, the authors provide an analysis on the emerging urban labour market and its stratified structure, job mobility, profit sharing, and the role of social capital. Empirical analysis is supported by rich data from nationally representative urban household and rural migrant surveys, providing the latest picture of the widening inequality in Chinese urban society.
China S Rural Urban Inequality And Migration
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Author : Shunfeng Song
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
China S Rural Urban Inequality And Migration written by Shunfeng Song and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
China S Economic Growth Prospects
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Author : Cai Fang
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2016-01-29
China S Economic Growth Prospects written by Cai Fang and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-29 with Business & Economics categories.
China has grown rapidly since the reform initiation of the 1970s. China’s Economic Growth Prospects narrates the contribution of demographic transition to recent economic growth in China, and provides suggestions for ways in which it can sustain growth over the next few decades. The expert author provides reasons for the economic slowdown since the second decade of the twenty-first century; explores the challenges facing China’s long-term sustainability of growth with the disappearance of demographic dividend; and proposes policy suggestions. He concludes that, in order to avoid the middle-income trap, economic growth in China must transform from an inputs-driven pattern, to a productivity-driven pattern. Academics, researchers and students of economics and business, particularly those specialising in China, will find this book to be a useful resource. Investment bankers, journalists, politicians and policy makers will find the discussions of past experience and the future potential of the Chinese economy to be of interest.
The Chinese Economic Transformation
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Author : Song, Ligang
language : en
Publisher: ANU Press
Release Date : 2019-07-10
The Chinese Economic Transformation written by Song, Ligang and has been published by ANU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-10 with Business & Economics categories.
The Chinese Economic Transformation, the 19th volume in the China Update book series, provides an opportunity for young economists to share their views on various issues relating to the Chinese economic transformation. More than half of the contributors to this book are female scholars. Some of the contributors are rising stars in the studies of the Chinese economy and economic transition, and some only recently received their PhDs and are on their way to establishing themselves in the field of China studies. But they have one thing in common: to passionately observe, study and research what is going on in the Chinese economic transformation during the reform period; and, by so doing, make contributions to the policy debates on, and general understanding of, the Chinese economy. The chapters in this volume include an in-depth probe into challenges in capital and credit allocation due to financial friction and policy distortions; investigating the causes of growth slow-down in China and suitable policy responses; the evolution of the household registration system and its impact on off-farm employment and the integration of rural and urban labour markets; the growth, scale and characteristics of nonstandard employment; the development of rural e-commerce and its economic impact; innovation performance of listed enterprises in China; financial services liberalisation and its impact on firms’ performance; financing support schemes for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the effect on banks’ credit allocation to SMEs; the potential costs of US–China trade conflict and ways to mitigate them; gender income gap in China’s labour market; causes of blockage of Chinese overseas direct investment and strategies to reduce the probability of encountering obstacles; and the role of state capital in the iron ore boom in Australia. The great variety of topics in this year’s Update allows readers to understand the current shape of the Chinese economy and to think deeply about policies and necessary reforms for future growth and development.
China S Labor Market In The New Normal
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Author : Mr.Waikei W. Lam
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-07-13
China S Labor Market In The New Normal written by Mr.Waikei W. Lam and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-13 with Business & Economics categories.
As China implements reforms under the “new normal,” maintaining stability in the labor market is a priority. The country’s demography and labor dynamics are changing, after benefitting in past decades from ample cheap labor. So far, the labor market appears to be resilient, even as growth slows, driven in part by expansion of the services sector. Migrant flows and possible labor hoarding in overcapacity sectors may also help explain this. Yet, while the latter two factors help serve as shock absorbers— contributing to labor market stability in the short term—if they persist, they may delay the needed adjustment process, contributing to an inefficient allocation of resources and curtailing productivity gains. This paper quantifies to what extent structural trends and the reform pace affect employment growth under the new normal. Delays in reform implementation would weaken growth prospects in the medium term, running the risk that job creation will fall below policy targets, leading to labor market pressures in the future. In contrast, successful transition might require faster reforms, including in the overcapacity and state-owned enterprise sectors, supported by well targeted social safety nets.