Labor Markets In Latin America
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Good Jobs Wanted
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Author : Inter-American Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: IDB
Release Date : 2003
Good Jobs Wanted written by Inter-American Development Bank and has been published by IDB this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
Annotation There is a widespread perception that the structural reforms implemented in Latin America in the 1990s have failed to spur employment growth. This perception is fueled by rising unemployment, slow wage growth, rising wage inequalities and a heightened sense of economic insecurity. This year's edition of Economic and Social Progress in Latin America investigates whether this disappointing outcome can be explained by an abnormal adjustment to rapid changes in goods and capital markets, increased female participation in the workplace, technological change, and secular changes in the sector composition of output. In particular, the book examines whether there are important demands for change that are being thwarted by inappropriate institutions and rigidities. The report documents unemployment and underemployment, employment creation and destruction, productivity growth, and the wage level and inequality. It includes a CD-ROM with data on labor markets in the region.
More Work To Do Taking Stock Of Latin American Labor Markets
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Author : Mr.Antonio David
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-03-08
More Work To Do Taking Stock Of Latin American Labor Markets written by Mr.Antonio David and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-08 with Business & Economics categories.
We analyze the performance of labor markets in Latin America since the late 1990s. Strong GDP growth during the commodity boom period led to important gains in employment and a fall in the unemployment rate as labor demand outpaced an increasing labor supply. We emphasize the role of informality in the dynamics of labor markets in Latin America. A re-examination of Okun’s law shows that informality dampens changes in unemployment accompanying output fluctuations. Moreover, we present some evidence that countries with higher redundancy costs and cumbersome dismissal regulations, exhibit “excess” informality over and above what would be expected based on their income and educational levels. Labor market reforms could thus contribute to reducing informality and increasing the responsiveness of labor markets to output growth. However, looking at selected case studies of reforms using the synthetic control method, we find mixed results in terms of labor market outcomes.
Labor Markets In Latin America
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Author : Sebastian Edwards
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2001-06-29
Labor Markets In Latin America written by Sebastian Edwards and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-06-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Many of the rules that govern labor markets in Latin America (and elsewhere) raise labor costs, create barriers to entry, and introduce rigidities in the employment structure. These include the exceedingly restrictive regulations on hiring and firing practices, as well as burdensome social insurance schemes. Such labor market regulations contribute to an over-expansion of precarious forms of employment and to rural poverty, and hinder countries from responding rapidly to new challenges from increased foreign competition. At the same time, other norms can reduce costs and raise productivity; they should be kept in place and their enforcement improved. For example, some occupational health and safety standards lower medical costs and save lives. One may also want to keep legislation aimed at providing a minimum social insurance for unemployment, old age, sickness, and disabilities. In practice, the most common decision that governments confront is not whether to intervene but to choose among different forms of intervention. This volume provides analysts and policymakers with useful insights on this issue. Part I addresses labor market institutions in a broader context, such as collective bargaining arrangements, minimum wages and poverty, and optimal unemployment insurance schemes. Part II analyzes labor market performance in Latin America, the links between performance and labor market regulations, and the status of labor market reform in the region. These questions are addressed for the region as a whole and in great detail for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Colombia. The book provides a comprehensive description of the existing labor institutions in Latin America, the problems they pose, and the trends in labor market reforms as well as the difficulties encountered by the reform process in specific cases. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Edward Amadeo, Jose Marcio Camargo, Alejandra Cox Edwards, Rene Cortazar, Enriqu
Impacts Of Labor Market Institutions And Demographic Factors On Labor Markets In Latin America
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Author : Adriana D. Kugler
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-07-17
Impacts Of Labor Market Institutions And Demographic Factors On Labor Markets In Latin America written by Adriana D. Kugler and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-17 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper documents recent labor market performance in the Latin American region. The paper shows that unemployment, informality, and inequality have been falling over the past two decades, though still remain high. By contrast, productivity has remained stubbornly low. The paper, then, turns to the potential impacts of various labor market institutions, including employment protection legislation (EPL), minimum wages (MW), payroll taxes, unemployment insurance (UI) and collective bargaining, as well as the impacts of demographic changes on labor market performance. The paper relies on evidence from carefully conducted studies based on micro-data for countries in the region and for other countries with similar income levels to draw conclusions on the impact of labor market institutions and demographic factors on unemployment, informality, inequality and productivity. The decreases in unemployment and informality can be partly explained by the reduced strictness of EPL and payroll taxes, but also by the increased shares of more educated and older workers. By contrast, the fall in inequality starting in 2002 can be explained by a combination of binding MW throughout most of the region and, to a lesser extent, by the introduction of UI systems in some countries and the role of unions in countries with moderate unionization rates. Falling inequality can also be explained by the fall in the returns to skill associated with increased share of more educated and older workers.
Labor Market Dynamics Informality And Regulations In Latin America
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Author : Mr.Antonio David
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2020-01-31
Labor Market Dynamics Informality And Regulations In Latin America written by Mr.Antonio David and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Labor markets in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are characterized by high levels of informality and relatively rigid regulation. This paper shows that these two features are related and together make the speed of adjustment of employment to shocks slower, especially when regulations are tightly enforced. Evidence suggests that strict labor market regulations also have an adverse effect on medium-term growth. While both regulations on prices (minimum wages) and quantities (employment protection) decrease the speed of adjustment to shocks, they appear to be binding in different phases of the cycle—the former affects mostly the (net) job creation margin and the latter the (net) job destruction margin. The results also highlight possible interactions between labor market regulations and the effectiveness of macro-stabilization tools—including exchange rate depreciation.
Labor Market Flexibility In 13 Latin American Countries And The United States
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Author : José Antonio González Anaya
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999-01-01
Labor Market Flexibility In 13 Latin American Countries And The United States written by José Antonio González Anaya and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
"Once again, the quick capacity to overcome economic difficulties in 1995 was insufficient to mark improvements on the labor field." -ILO-Latin America, Editorial, "Labor Outlook 1996" For the first time, this volume compares labor market flexibility across countries in Latin America and the United States. The study uses two performance variables, a price variable measured by real wages and a quantity variable measured alternatively by either employment or unemployment. This paper looks into the structural relationship between output and these variables across 13 countries in Latin America and the United States for the last 20-30 years as a way of measuring the ability of the labor market to absorb output shocks.
More Work To Do Taking Stock Of Latin American Labor Markets
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Author : Antonio C. David
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
More Work To Do Taking Stock Of Latin American Labor Markets written by Antonio C. David and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
We analyze the performance of labor markets in Latin America since the late 1990s. Strong GDP growth during the commodity boom period led to important gains in employment and a fall in the unemployment rate as labor demand outpaced an increasing labor supply. We emphasize the role of informality in the dynamics of labor markets in Latin America. A re-examination of Okun's law shows that informality dampens changes in unemployment accompanying output fluctuations. Moreover, we present some evidence that countries with higher redundancy costs and cumbersome dismissal regulations, exhibit 'excess' informality over and above what would be expected based on their income and educational levels. Labor market reforms could thus contribute to reducing informality and increasing the responsiveness of labor markets to output growth. However, looking at selected case studies of reforms using the synthetic control method, we find mixed results in terms of labor market outcomes.
Labor Markets In Latin America
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Author : Brookings Institution
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Inst Press
Release Date : 1997
Labor Markets In Latin America written by Brookings Institution and has been published by Brookings Inst Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
The book provides a comprehensive description of the existing labor institutions in Latin America, the problems they pose, and the trends in labor market reforms as well as the difficulties encountered by the reform process in specific cases.
Law And Employment
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Author : James J. Heckman
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-11-01
Law And Employment written by James J. Heckman and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-01 with Law categories.
Law and Employment analyzes the effects of regulation and deregulation on Latin American labor markets and presents empirically grounded studies of the costs of regulation. Numerous labor regulations that were introduced or reformed in Latin America in the past thirty years have had important economic consequences. Nobel Prize-winning economist James J. Heckman and Carmen Pagés document the behavior of firms attempting to stay in business and be competitive while facing the high costs of complying with these labor laws. They challenge the prevailing view that labor market regulations affect only the distribution of labor incomes and have little or no impact on efficiency or the performance of labor markets. Using new micro-evidence, this volume shows that labor regulations reduce labor market turnover rates and flexibility, promote inequality, and discriminate against marginal workers. Along with in-depth studies of Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Jamaica, and Trinidad, Law and Employment provides comparative analysis of Latin American economies against a range of European countries and the United States. The book breaks new ground by quantifying not only the cost of regulation in Latin America, the Caribbean, and in the OECD, but also the broader impact of this regulation.
Labor Markets In Latin America
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Author : Suzanne Duryea
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Labor Markets In Latin America written by Suzanne Duryea and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Labor market categories.