Labor Productivity And Access To Markets Matter For Pro Poor Growth
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Labor Productivity And Access To Markets Matter For Pro Poor Growth
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Author : Sabine Bernabe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Labor Productivity And Access To Markets Matter For Pro Poor Growth written by Sabine Bernabe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Employment is widely perceived as being amongst the most important channels for translating growth into poverty reduction. However there has been limited empirical research to date on the relationship between growth, employment and poverty reduction. This paper focuses on two countries, Burkina Faso and Vietnam, with very distinct patterns of growth and poverty reduction. It examines how employment transmitted growth to the poor during the 1990s in each of these cases and what the role was of specific policies and initial country conditions. In particular, we attempt shed some light on Vietnam's relative success in terms of pro-poor growth. Understanding these questions will be important in informing the formulation of policies that maximize the participation of the poor in the growth process. This paper is undertaken within the broader framework of the Operationalising Pro-poor Growth (OPPG) study, which is based on 14 country case studies that examine linkages between growth and poverty reduction during the 1990s. The aim of this paper is to supplement the more general labor market analysis contained in the case studies, with a detailed inspection of how employment serves as a transmission channel from growth to poverty reduction. There are two important factors that maximize the effectiveness of employment in transmitting growth to the poor: (1) an increase in labor productivity that is (a) broad based and (b) concentrated in sectors where the poor are disproportionately employed or to which they have access, and (2) strong (domestic and foreign) demand for the goods and services produced by the poor and access to these markets. The paper is organized as follows. It begins with a brief review of what the existing literature tells us regarding the linkages between growth, labor markets and poverty reduction. We then briefly review what can be learned from the 14 OPPG country case studies is this respect. Section four introduces Burkina Faso and Vietnam and provides some basic stylized facts at the beginning of the 1990s, with an aim to set out the initial country conditions. It also highlights how these two countries represent the two extreme patterns of growth and poverty reduction observed in the 14 OPPG country case studies. Section five provides a profile of poverty in the labor market in Burkina Faso and Vietnam, identifying who the poor were at the beginning of the 90's, which groups faced the highest risks of poverty and how this changed during the 1990s. In section six, examine how labor markets transmitted growth to the poor in Vietnam. It analyzes how growth was reflected in the structure of employment and the extent of underemployment and what the impact was on earnings in sectors where the poor and non-poor were employed. Using panel data we then examine the extent to which the poor in Vietnam were able to benefit from growth by moving out of agriculture and into faster-growing industrial and services sectors. In section seven examines how growth affected the structure of employment and earnings in Burkina Faso during the 1990s. We then briefly analyze how employment affected the distributional pattern of growth in both countries in section eight. Finally, section ten draws some conclusions on how specific policies and initial country conditions affected the way in which employment transmitted growth to the poor in Burkina Faso and Vietnam and what factors can help to explain Vietnam's relative success in terms of growth and poverty reduction.
Dac Guidelines And Reference Series Promoting Pro Poor Growth Policy Guidance For Donors
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2007-02-16
Dac Guidelines And Reference Series Promoting Pro Poor Growth Policy Guidance For Donors written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-16 with categories.
Focusing on pro-poor growth and income poverty, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Policy Guidance for Donors identifies binding constraints and offers policies and strategies to address them.
Links Between Growth Inequality And Poverty A Survey
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Author : Ms. Valerie Cerra
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-03-12
Links Between Growth Inequality And Poverty A Survey written by Ms. Valerie Cerra and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Handbook On Constructing Composite Indicators Methodology And User Guide
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2008-08-22
Handbook On Constructing Composite Indicators Methodology And User Guide written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-22 with categories.
A guide for constructing and using composite indicators for policy makers, academics, the media and other interested parties. In particular, this handbook is concerned with indicators which compare and rank country performance.
Global Productivity
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Author : Alistair Dieppe
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2021-06-09
Global Productivity written by Alistair Dieppe and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-09 with Business & Economics categories.
The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global economy after a decade that featured a broad-based slowdown in productivity growth. Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies presents the first comprehensive analysis of the evolution and drivers of productivity growth, examines the effects of COVID-19 on productivity, and discusses a wide range of policies needed to rekindle productivity growth. The book also provides a far-reaching data set of multiple measures of productivity for up to 164 advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies, and it introduces a new sectoral database of productivity. The World Bank has created an extraordinary book on productivity, covering a large group of countries and using a wide variety of data sources. There is an emphasis on emerging and developing economies, whereas the prior literature has concentrated on developed economies. The book seeks to understand growth patterns and quantify the role of (among other things) the reallocation of factors, technological change, and the impact of natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is must-reading for specialists in emerging economies but also provides deep insights for anyone interested in economic growth and productivity. Martin Neil Baily Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution Former Chair, U.S. President’s Council of Economic Advisers This is an important book at a critical time. As the book notes, global productivity growth had already been slowing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and collapses with the pandemic. If we want an effective recovery, we have to understand what was driving these long-run trends. The book presents a novel global approach to examining the levels, growth rates, and drivers of productivity growth. For anyone wanting to understand or influence productivity growth, this is an essential read. Nicholas Bloom William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford University The COVID-19 pandemic hit a global economy that was already struggling with an adverse pre-existing condition—slow productivity growth. This extraordinarily valuable and timely book brings considerable new evidence that shows the broad-based, long-standing nature of the slowdown. It is comprehensive, with an exceptional focus on emerging market and developing economies. Importantly, it shows how severe disasters (of which COVID-19 is just the latest) typically harm productivity. There are no silver bullets, but the book suggests sensible strategies to improve growth prospects. John Fernald Schroders Chaired Professor of European Competitiveness and Reform and Professor of Economics, INSEAD
Structural Change Fundamentals And Growth A Framework And Case Studies
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Author : McMillan, Margaret
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2017-05-11
Structural Change Fundamentals And Growth A Framework And Case Studies written by McMillan, Margaret and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-11 with Political Science categories.
Indonesia
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Author : Edimon Ginting
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2018-02-01
Indonesia written by Edimon Ginting and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The book focuses on Indonesia's most pressing labor market challenges and associated policy options to achieve higher and more inclusive economic growth. The challenges consist of creating jobs for and the skills in a youthful and increasingly better educated workforce, and raising the productivity of less-educated workers to meet the demands of the digital age. The book deals with a range of interrelated topics---the changing supply and demand for labor in relation to the shift of workers out of agriculture; urbanization and the growth of megacities; raising the quality of schooling for new jobs in the digital economy; and labor market policies to improve both labor standards and productivity.
Delivering On The Promise Of Pro Poor Growth
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Author : Timothy Besley
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007
Delivering On The Promise Of Pro Poor Growth written by Timothy Besley and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
Economic growth is the most important determinant of poverty reduction. But countries with similar rates of growth can experience different poverty reduction rates.
World Development Report 2019
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2018-10-31
World Development Report 2019 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report will study how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Technological progress disrupts existing systems. A new social contract is needed to smooth the transition and guard against rising inequality. Significant investments in human capital throughout a person’s lifecycle are vital to this effort. If workers are to stay competitive against machines they need to train or retool existing skills. A social protection system that includes a minimum basic level of protection for workers and citizens can complement new forms of employment. Improved private sector policies to encourage startup activity and competition can help countries compete in the digital age. Governments also need to ensure that firms pay their fair share of taxes, in part to fund this new social contract. The 2019 World Development Report presents an analysis of these issues based upon the available evidence.
China S Productivity Convergence And Growth Potential A Stocktaking And Sectoral Approach
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Author : Min Zhu
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-11-27
China S Productivity Convergence And Growth Potential A Stocktaking And Sectoral Approach written by Min Zhu and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-27 with Business & Economics categories.
China’s growth potential has become a hotly debated topic as the economy has reached an income level susceptible to the “middle-income trap” and financial vulnerabilities are mounting after years of rapid credit expansion. However, the existing literature has largely focused on macro level aggregates, which are ill suited to understanding China’s significant structural transformation and its impact on economic growth. To fill the gap, this paper takes a deep dive into China’s convergence progress in 38 industrial sectors and 11 services sectors, examines past sectoral transitions, and predicts future shifts. We find that China’s productivity convergence remains at an early stage, with the industrial sector more advanced than services. Large variations exist among subsectors, with high-tech industrial sectors, in particular the ICT sector, lagging low-tech sectors. Going forward, ample room remains for further convergence, but the shrinking distance to the frontier, the structural shift from industry to services, and demographic changes will put sustained downward pressure on growth, which could slow to 5 percent by 2025 and 4 percent by 2030. Digitalization, SOE reform, and services sector opening up could be three major forces boosting future growth, while the risks of a financial crisis and a reversal in global integration in trade and technology could slow the pace of convergence.