Laser Based Investigation Of Gas And Solid Fuel Combustion Under Oxy Fuel Atmosphere
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Laser Based Investigation Of Gas And Solid Fuel Combustion Under Oxy Fuel Atmosphere
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Author : Sebastian Bürkle
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-03-04
Laser Based Investigation Of Gas And Solid Fuel Combustion Under Oxy Fuel Atmosphere written by Sebastian Bürkle and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-04 with Science categories.
Oxy-fuel combustion has the potential to reduce the atmospheric CO2-emissions of fossil fuel power plants by burning gaseous or solid fuels under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide and oxygen. The combustion under oxy-fuel operating conditions, however, is accompanied by major changes in the combustion behavior. The underlying chemical and physical processes are complex and highly coupled, which impedes investigations and modeling. Since tactile and most of the optical measurement techniques fail under the sensitive and simultaneously harsh environments of oxy-fuel combustion, an optical in-situ measurement system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is developed in this work. This system allows to investigate the thermochemical state of combustion gases with respect to the quantitative concentrations of multiple combustion-relevant gases and the gas temperature. In combination with a newly developed and applied measurement strategy, the system even allows for a measurement of the gas residence time distribution. To improve the measurement accuracy, multiple absorption line parameters are experimentally determined. The measurement system is applied to three oxy-fuel combustion systems. First, the thermochemical state of the laminar, non-premixed methane combustion under oxy-fuel atmosphere is studied. The turbulent, premixed combustion of the same fuel under air and two oxy-fuel atmospheres is studied in a 20 kWth swirled combustor. Measurements of the residence time distribution of fluids in the combustion chamber provide insights into mixing and transport properties of the flow. The thermochemical state reveals insights into the reaction progess and flow mixing. Co-firing of three different solid fuels in an assisting gas flame is investigated for a combined thermal power up to 40 kWth. Here, the char burnout of the particles is investigated. The thermochemical state of the combustion of pure torrefied biomass under air and oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere is investigated in a 60 kWth close-to-application facility and compared to equillibrium calculations.
Investigation On Flame Characteristics And Burner Operability Issues Of Oxy Fuel Combustion
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Investigation On Flame Characteristics And Burner Operability Issues Of Oxy Fuel Combustion written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Oxy-fuel combustion has been used previously in a wide range of industrial applications. Oxy- combustion is carried out by burning a hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen instead of air. Flames burning in this configuration achieve higher flame temperatures which present opportunities for significant efficiency improvements and direct capture of CO2 from the exhaust stream. In an effort to better understand and characterize the fundamental flame characteristics of oxy-fuel combustion this research presents the experimental measurements of flame stability of various oxyfuel flames. Effects of H2 concentration, fuel composition, exhaust gas recirculation ratio, firing inputs, and burner diameters on the flame stability of these fuels are discussed. Effects of exhaust gas recirculation i.e. CO2 and H2O (steam) acting as diluents on burner operability are also presented. The roles of firing input on flame stability are then analyzed. For this study it was observed that many oxy-flames did not stabilize without exhaust gas recirculation due to their higher burning velocities. In addition, the stability regime of all compositions was observed to decrease as the burner diameter increased. A flashback model is also presented, using the critical velocity gradient gF) values for CH4-O2-CO2 flames. The second part of the study focuses on the experimental measurements of the flow field characteristics of premixed CH4/21%O2/79%N2 and CH4/38%O2/72%CO2 mixtures at constant firing input of 7.5 kW, constant, equivalence ratio of 0.8, constant swirl number of 0.92 and constant Reynolds Numbers. These measurements were taken in a swirl stabilized combustor at atmospheric pressure. The flow field visualization using Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) technique is implemented to make a better understanding of the turbulence characteristics of CH4/air and CH4/38%O2/72%CO2 combustion. The velocity fluctuations, turbulence intensities and local propagation velocities along the combustion chamber have been determined. The turbulent intensities increase as we move away from the combustor axis. CH4-38%O2-72%CO2 flames have low radial velocity and turbulent intensity distributions at different axial distances when compared with CH4-Air flames.
Fundamental Investigation Of Fuel Transformations In Pulverized Coal Combustion And Gasification Technologies
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Fundamental Investigation Of Fuel Transformations In Pulverized Coal Combustion And Gasification Technologies written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
The goal of this project is to carry out the necessary experiments and analyses to extend leading submodels of coal transformations to the new conditions anticipated in next-generation energy technologies. During the first project quarter, a technical kick-off meeting was held on the Brown campus involving PIs from Brown (Hurt, Calo), BYU (Fletcher), and B & W (Sayre, Burge). Following this first meeting the current version of CBK (Version 8) was transferred to B & W McDermott and the HP-CBK code developed by BYU was transferred to Brown to help guide the code development in this project. Also during the first project year, progress was reviewed at an all-hands meeting was held at Brigham Young University in August, 2001. The meeting was attended by PIs Fletcher, Hurt, Calo, and Sayre, and also by affiliated investigators Steven Burge from McDermott and Prof. William Hecker from BYU. During the first project year, significant progress was made on several fronts, as described in detail in the previous annual report. In the current second annual report, we report on progress made on two important project tasks. At Brown University: (1) Char combustion reactivities at 500 C in air were determined for a diverse set of solid fuels and organic model compound chars. These varied over 4 orders of magnitude for the chars prepared at 700 C, and over 3 orders of magnitude for the chars prepared at 1000 C. The resultant reactivities correlate poorly with organic elemental composition and with char surface area. (2) Specially-acquired model materials with minute amounts of inorganic matter exhibit low reactivities that fall in a narrow band as a function of wt-% carbon. Reactivities in this sample subset correlate reasonably well with total char surface area. (3) A hybrid chemical/statistical model was developed which explains most of the observed reactivity variation based on four variables: the amounts of nano-dispersed K, nanodispersed (Ca+Mg), elemental carbon (wt-% daf), and nano-dispersed vanadium, listed in decreasing order of importance. Catalytic effects play a very significant role in the oxidation of most practical solid fuel chars. Some degree of reactivity estimation is possible using only elemental analyses of parent fuels, but only if correlative techniques make use of the existing body of knowledge on the origin, form and dispersion of inorganic matter in various fuel classes. During the past year at BYU, work focused primarily on renovation of the BYU high pressure drop tube reactor (HPDT). This work has included design and testing of a flat-flame burner that can be operated at high pressure. A high-temperature, high-pressure gas profile has been achieved within this high-pressure flat-flame burner (HP-FFB). Detailed descriptions of the design and testing of the HP-FFB are given in this report. In addition, continued char reactivity experiments in the high pressure thermogravimetric analyzer (HP-TGA) have been performed on chars produced at different pressures in the HPDT. Results of the HP-TGA reactivity studies on a high-volatile A bituminous (Pittsburgh No. 8) char are that intrinsic char activation energy increases with pyrolysis pressure, and that the oxygen order is roughly 0.9. These results are different than previous research on chars produced at atmospheric pressure. These new data show that the rate constant decreases with increasing pyrolysis pressure. However, the hydrogen content of the new chars produced at elevated pressures was fairly high ([approx]2 wt.%, daf), and char samples produced at higher temperatures are desired. During the next project year, experimental work on oxygen reactivity at high pressure will continue at BYU, and on CO[sub 2] reactivity at high pressure at Brown University. Selected chars produced at BYU under high pressure conditions will also be used at Brown for reactivity studies.
International Aerospace Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
International Aerospace Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Aeronautics categories.
Spectroscopy And Optical Diagnostics For Gases
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Author : Ronald K. Hanson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-10-26
Spectroscopy And Optical Diagnostics For Gases written by Ronald K. Hanson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This text provides an introduction to the science that governs the interaction of light and matter (in the gas phase). It provides readers with the basic knowledge to exploit the light-matter interaction to develop quantitative tools for gas analysis (i.e. optical diagnostics) and understand and interpret the results of spectroscopic measurements. The authors pair the basics of gas‐phase spectroscopy with coverage of key optical diagnostic techniques utilized by practicing engineers and scientists to measure fundamental flow‐field properties. The text is organized to cover three sub‐topics of gas‐phase spectroscopy: (1) spectral line positions, (2) spectral line strengths, and (3) spectral lineshapes by way of absorption, emission, and scattering interactions. The latter part of the book describes optical measurement techniques and equipment. Key subspecialties include laser induced fluorescence, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy, and wavelength modulation spectroscopy. It is ideal for students and practitioners across a range of applied sciences including mechanical, aerospace, chemical, and materials engineering.
Mild Combustion Modelling Challenges Experimental Configurations And Diagnostic Tools
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Author : Alessandro Parente
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-11-26
Mild Combustion Modelling Challenges Experimental Configurations And Diagnostic Tools written by Alessandro Parente and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Heat Transfer In Fire And Combustion Systems
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Author : A. Murty Kanury
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Heat Transfer In Fire And Combustion Systems written by A. Murty Kanury and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Science categories.
Hybrid Combustion Analysis Via Laser Absorption Spectroscopy For Rocket Propulsion And Fire Environments
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Author : Isabelle Sanders
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Hybrid Combustion Analysis Via Laser Absorption Spectroscopy For Rocket Propulsion And Fire Environments written by Isabelle Sanders and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
This dissertation details novel experimental methods and analytical techniques developed to characterize hybrid combustion of solid fuels with gaseous oxidizers. The primary focus of this work is on hybrid rocket motors, which are less developed than liquid and solid fuel chemical propulsion systems. Historically poor performance of hybrid propulsion systems is attributed, in part, to combustion efficiencies below theoretical limits, hindering hybrid rocket development and motivating experimental and modeling studies to explain shortcomings. Combustion in such systems is typified by a turbulent reacting boundary layer above the fuel surface that involves a convolution of fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and chemical kinetics. Although modeling efforts have advanced significantly in recent years, there remains a lack of quantitative data, particularly in-situ in the reacting flow regions, that are necessary to validate combustion models and make definitive assessments of the reacting boundary layer flow-field. Optical diagnostics have become invaluable tools for obtaining such data due to their non-intrusive nature and their capability in harsh combustion environments. For much of the research detailed herein, an axisymmetric solid fuel burner was used to examine the near-surface reaction layer via spatially-resolved measurements using laser absorption tomographic methods. The data obtained from these experiments were compared to relevant multi-physics combustion models. The hybrid rocket motor experiments discussed in this dissertation primarily involve polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the fuel with gaseous oxygen. The solid fuel burner and laser diagnostic sensors were used to assess hybrid PMMA/GOx combustion as influenced by differing oxidizer injector geometries, those including both axial and swirl varieties. Two-dimension quantitative measurements of species and temperature provided crucial comparisons to theorized and modelled thermochemical structure evolution. Additionally, the injector specific findings highlight the sensitivity of the combustion performance to motor geometry and quantify the utility of introducing incipient swirling flow into the combustion chamber. Significant discrepancies were observed between reactive flow modeling and the 2D experimental results for hybrid combustion of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in gaseous oxidizer cross-flow, prompting a fundamental shock-tube chemical kinetic studies of the monomer, methyl methacrylate (MMA), that involved measuring time evolution of intermediate and product species. This additional data was used to improve the existing chemical kinetic mechanisms by modifying Arrhenius rate parameters of sensitive reactions via genetic algorithm optimization anchored to the speciation measurements. The aforementioned spectroscopic, experimental, and analysis techniques designed for hybrid rocket propulsion were also extended to study hybrid combustion of the fire-resistant polymer polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) in oxidizer-cross flow to help inform toxicant predictions in structural fires and develop useful sensors for fire safety. It is envisioned that the data in this dissertation will be used to anchor and improve reacting flow models relevant to both hybrid rocket propulsion and fire safety. The sensors, experimental facilities, and analysis procedures can also be further employed in the future to study a wide range of solid fuels across combustion applications.
Government Reports Announcements Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Government Reports Announcements Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Science categories.
Conference Papers Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Conference Papers Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Electronic journals categories.
Monthly. Papers presented at recent meeting held all over the world by scientific, technical, engineering and medical groups. Sources are meeting programs and abstract publications, as well as questionnaires. Arranged under 17 subject sections, 7 of direct interest to the life scientist. Full programs of meetings listed under sections. Entry gives citation number, paper title, name, mailing address, and any ordering number assigned. Quarterly and annual indexes to subjects, authors, and programs (not available in monthly issues).