Layered Polymeric Systems
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Layered Polymeric Systems
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Author : Patrick James Harris
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Layered Polymeric Systems written by Patrick James Harris and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Plastics categories.
This dissertation presents novel mechanical designs and advances in both polymer layer multiplication and extensional rheology. In Part I, advances in polymer layer multiplication include the investigation of typical thermoplastic layer multiplication extrusion dies and the redesign of such by means of experimental and computational investigation. Results show a decrease in flow instabilities including viscous encapsulation and elastic instabilities. Similarly, an innovative layer multiplication system for highly filled and elastic rubber compounds is presented. Both of these novel systems for thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer systems are validated and understood by numerical methods using ANSYS Polyflow and CFD-Post. These advances in multilayer coextrusion allow for layering of new families of rheologically complex and as well mismatched materials, thus widening the processing capabilities at the Center for Layered Polymeric Systems. In Part II, advances in extensional rheology include a newly developed extensional rheometer for achieving high Henkystrains. The Meissner Extensional Rheometer Accessory or MERA is limited in strain only by sample rupture. Experimental validation is performed using two materials, a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and a linear polystyrene (PS); the results are compared with those obtained using the well-known SER. Due to its design, it was possible to achieve homogeneous extensional flow up to unprecedented real Hencky strains in excess of 8. The second half of Part II covers a rheological understanding behind the mechanism of sharkskin, a melt fracture instability during extrusion. Solution-styrene-butadiene-styrene blended with various polybutadienes is studied. Experimental extrusion results show a behavior difference depending on the molecular architecture of the latter, polybutadiene. Extensional rheological techniques are used to investigate the behavior. Results show a higher sensitivity to stress relaxation after a step-strain rather than typical stress growth coefficients in extension.
Structure Property Relationships In Various Layered Polymeric Systems
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Author : Aditya Prakash Ranade
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Structure Property Relationships In Various Layered Polymeric Systems written by Aditya Prakash Ranade and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Confined Layered Polymeric Systems For Packaging And Capacitor Applications
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Author : Joel Matthew Carr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Confined Layered Polymeric Systems For Packaging And Capacitor Applications written by Joel Matthew Carr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Layer multiplying zforced assemblyy micro and nanolayer coextrusion is used to produce films with thousands of layers containing two or more alternating polymers. This dissertation focuses on the structure-property relationships in layered polymeric systems for applications including confined crystallization for high gas barrier applications and multilayer dielectric films for high energy density capacitors. CHAPTER 1: A review of recent progress of confined polymer crystallization using forced assembly nanolayer coextrusion is described. Confinement of crystalline polymer materials in layer thicknesses ranging from hundreds to tens of nanometers thick resulted in multilayer films possessing enhanced gas barrier properties. The enhanced gas barrier has been attributed to nanolayer confinement of the crystalline polymer resulting in a highly ordered intralayer lamellae orientation extending over micron or larger scale areas. Research into the confined crystallization mechanism of the multilayered polymer films has resulted in several material case studies as well as an understanding of the chemical and thermodynamic parameters that control the degree and rate of the confinement in multilayer polymer systems. This review highlights our recentstudies on the confinement of poly(ethylene oxide), poly(caprolactone), polypropylene, and poly(vinylidene fluoride) polymers in multilayered films. CHAPTER 2: The structure and morphology of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene) [P(VDFTFE)] were investigated under nanolayer confinement. In addition, both biaxial stretching and isothermal melt recrystallization were used as an additional approach to manipulate the morphologies of these confined polymers. The synergistic combination of nanolayering, biaxial stretching, and isothermal recrystallization facilitated the formation of unique morphologies in the P(VDFTFE) layers. These structures, specifically the high aspect ratio in-plane P(VDFTFE) crystals, resulted in a 50-100x reduction in the oxygen and water permeability properties by increasing the diffusion pathway, or tortuosity, around these confined structures. CHAPTER 3: Commercial polymer films for capacitors include biaxially oriented polypropylene and biaxially oriented PET. These materials possess rather low energy densities (5-6 J/cc) due to their low dielectric constants (2-4). Our approach to improve the energy density of polymer films is to combine a high resistance, high breakdown strength polymer (PET) with a high dielectric constant polymer (P(VDF-TFE), dielectric constant ~ 12) in an ABAB nanolayered film. These multilayer films exhibit enhanced breakdown properties as compared to the single layer materials. Mimicking the commercial materials, biaxial orientation was also used on the mulitlayer films, which resulted in an even further enhancement in the breakdown and energy density properties, with measured values as high as 16 J/cc for the biaxially oriented multilayer samples. This enhancement was attributed to the ability of the layered structure to discharge along the layer interface resulting in a ztreeingy fracture mechanism unique to the layered materials. The confined structures of PET and P(VDF-TFE) were also correlated to the dielectric and breakdown properties. It was found that the crystal orientation of the P(VDF-TFE) layer played a critical role in the determination of the bulk dielectric constant of the overall film. The on-edge P(VDF-TFE) crystal orienatation greatly enhanced the dielectric constant of the P(VDF-TFE) layer. In addition, this also increased the dielectric contrast between the PET and P(VDFTFE) layers resulting in larger tree areas, larger tree branches, and enhanced breakdown properties.
Layered Polymeric Optical Systems Using Continuous Coextrusion
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Layered Polymeric Optical Systems Using Continuous Coextrusion written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Polymers are receiving considerable attention as components in novel optical systems because of the tailored functionality, ease of manufacturing, and relatively low cost. The processing of layered polymeric systems by coextrusion is a method to produce films comprising hundreds to thousands of alternating layers in a single, one-step roll-to-roll process. Several layered polymer optical systems have been fabricated by coextrusion, including gradient refractive index lenses, tunable refractive index elastomers, photonic crystals, and mechanically tunable photonic crystals. Layered polymeric optical systems made by coextrusion can also incorporate active components such as photoreactive additives for multilayered patterning and laser dyes for all-polymer laser systems. Coextrusion is a process which allows for the flexible design of polymeric optical systems using layers with thickness spanning the nanoscale to the microscale.
Polymeric Systems Volume 94
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Author : Ilya Prigogine
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-09-09
Polymeric Systems Volume 94 written by Ilya Prigogine and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-09 with Science categories.
It is difficult to imagine how our highly evolved technological society would function, or how life would even exist on our planet, if polymers did not exist. The intensive study of polymeric systems, which has been under way for several decades, has recently yielded new insights into the properties of assemblies of these complex molecules and the physical principles that govern their behavior. These developments have included new concepts to describe aspects of the many body behavior in these systems, microscopic analyses that bring our understanding of these systems much closer to our understanding of simple liquids and solids, and the discovery of novel chemistry that these molecules can catalyze. This special topic volume of Advances in Chemical Physics surveys a number of these recent accomplishments. Supplemented with more than 250 illustrations, it provides a significant, up-to-date selection of papers by inter-nationally recognized researchers. Topics include: * Theory of Polyelectrolyte Solutions * Star Polymers: Experiment, Theory, and Simulation * Tethered Polymer Layers * Living Polymers * Transport and Kinetics in Electroactive Polymers Self-contained, authoritative, and timely, Polymeric Systems makes the cutting edge of polymer research available to scientists in every branch of chemical physics. Contributors to POLYMERIC SYSTEMS JEAN-LOUIS BARRAT, Departement de Physique des Materiaux, Universite Claude Bernard-Lyon l, France A. BAUMGARTNER, Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Germany M. A. CARIGNANO, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana LEWIS J. FETTERS, Corporate Research Science Laboratories, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey SANDRA C. GREER, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park GARY S. GREST, Corporate Research Science Laboratories, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey JOHN S. HUANG, Corporate Research Science Laboratories, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey JEAN-FRANCOIS JOANNY, Institut Charles Sadron, France MICHAEL E. G. LYONS, Electroactive Polymer Research Group, Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Dublin, Ireland M. MUTHUKUMAR, Department of Polymer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts DIETER RICHTER, Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Germany I. SZLEIFER, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Advances In Chemical Physics Volume 94
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Author : Ilya Prigogine
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1997-06-02
Advances In Chemical Physics Volume 94 written by Ilya Prigogine and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-06-02 with Science categories.
It is difficult to imagine how our highly evolved technological society would function, or how life would even exist on our planet, if polymers did not exist. The intensive study of polymeric systems, which has been under way for several decades, has recently yielded new insights into the properties of assemblies of these complex molecules and the physical principles that govern their behavior. These developments have included new concepts to describe aspects of the many body behavior in these systems, microscopic analyses that bring our understanding of these systems much closer to our understanding of simple liquids and solids, and the discovery of novel chemistry that these molecules can catalyze. This special topic volume of Advances in Chemical Physics surveys a number of these recent accomplishments. Supplemented with more than 250 illustrations, it provides a significant, up-to-date selection of papers by inter-nationally recognized researchers. Topics include: * Theory of Polyelectrolyte Solutions * Star Polymers: Experiment, Theory, and Simulation * Tethered Polymer Layers * Living Polymers * Transport and Kinetics in Electroactive Polymers Self-contained, authoritative, and timely, Polymeric Systems makes the cutting edge of polymer research available to scientists in every branch of chemical physics. Contributors to POLYMERIC SYSTEMS JEAN-LOUIS BARRAT, Département de Physique des Matériaux, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon l, France A. BAUMGÄRTNER, Institut für Festkörperforschung, Germany M. A. CARIGNANO, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana LEWIS J. FETTERS, Corporate Research Science Laboratories, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey SANDRA C. GREER, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park GARY S. GREST, Corporate Research Science Laboratories, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey JOHN S. HUANG, Corporate Research Science Laboratories, Exxon Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey JEAN-FRANÇOIS JOANNY, Institut Charles Sadron, France MICHAEL E. G. LYONS, Electroactive Polymer Research Group, Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Dublin, Ireland M. MUTHUKUMAR, Department of Polymer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts DIETER RICHTER, Institut für Festkörperforschung, Germany I. SZLEIFER, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Multiphase Polymer Systems
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Author : Andreea Irina Barzic
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-09-19
Multiphase Polymer Systems written by Andreea Irina Barzic and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-19 with Science categories.
Phase morphology in multicomponent polymer-based systems represents the main physical characteristic that allows for control of the material design and implicitly the development of new plastics. Emphasizing properties of these promising new materials in both solution and solid phase, this book describes the preparation, processing, properties, and practical implications of advanced multiphase systems from macro to nanoscales. It covers a wide range of systems including copolymers, polymer blends, polymer composites, gels, interpenetrating polymers, and layered polymer/metal structures, describing aspects of polymer science, engineering, and technology. The book analyzes experimental and theoretical aspects regarding the thermal and electrical transport phenomena and magnetic properties of crucial importance in advanced technologies. It reviews the most recent advances concerning morphological, rheological, interfacial, physical, fire-resistant, thermophysical, and biomedical properties of multiphase polymer systems. Concomitantly the book deals with basic investigation techniques that are sensitive in elucidating the features of each phase. It also discusses the latest research trends that offer new solutions for advanced bio- and nanotechnologies. Introduces an overview of recent studies in the area of multiphase polymer systems, their micro- and nanostructural evolutions in advanced technologies, and provides future outlooks, new challenges and opportunities. Discusses multicomponent structures that offer enhanced physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties adapted to current requirements of modern technologies. Covers a wide range of materials, such as composites, blends, alloys, gels and interpenetrating polymer networks. Presents new strategies for controlling the micro- and nanomorphology and the mechanical properties of multiphase polymeric materials. Describes different applications of multiphase polymeric materials in various fields, including automotive, aeronautics and space industry, displays, and medicine.
Manufacturing And Novel Applications Of Multilayer Polymer Films
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Author : Deepak Langhe
language : en
Publisher: William Andrew
Release Date : 2016-01-04
Manufacturing And Novel Applications Of Multilayer Polymer Films written by Deepak Langhe and has been published by William Andrew this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Manufacturing and Novel Applications of Multilayer Polymer Films discusses the advancements in multilayer technology, including its capability to produce hundreds of layers in a single film by a melt coextrusion process. These engineered films can have significantly enhanced performance properties, allowing films to be made thinner, stronger, and with better sealing properties. As recent developments in feedblocks and materials have opened up a range of new possibilities, this book discusses different feedblocks, and viscosity and material considerations. It is the first comprehensive summary of the latest technology in multilayer film processing and related applications, and is written from a practical perspective, translating research into commercial production and real world products. The book provides fundamental knowledge on microlayer coextrusion processing technology, how to fabricate such structures, structure and properties of such microlayers, and potential applications, thus helping research scientists and engineers develop products which not only fulfill their primary function, but can also be manufactured reliably, safely, and economically. Provides a fundamental knowledge of microlayer coextrusion processing, including how to fabricate microlayer structures, the properties of microlayers, and potential applications, including optics, polymer film capacitors, and semiconductors Includes an in-depth analysis of all technologies used for producing multilayered films and structures by coextrusion processing Thoroughly assesses potential future trends in multilayer coextrusion technology, thus enabling engineers and scientists to stay ahead of the curve in this rapidly advancing area
Design Synthesis And Incorporation Of Functional Additives Into Multilayered Polymer Films
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Author : Joseph Robert Lott
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Design Synthesis And Incorporation Of Functional Additives Into Multilayered Polymer Films written by Joseph Robert Lott and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
This dissertation is focused on the synergistic combination of the nanostructured architectures of coextruded multilayered polymer films and tailored functional additives to create novel and useful functional optical material systems. Layer multiplying coextrusion was used to create layered polymeric systems with hundreds to thousands of layers with individual layer thicknesses in the range of 90 nanometers to 20 microns. If transparent polymers of different refractive index are employed, these films can display characteristics of one dimensional photonic crystals whose reflection and transmission characteristics can be readily tailored via the geometry and refractive indices. The experiments shown in this thesis demonstrate that the functionality and range of possible applications for these layered polymeric systems can be greatly expanded through incorporation of functional additives, which can take the form of nanoparticles, small organic species, and tailored polymers. Thus, properties such as refractive index, fluorescence, sensing ability, stimuli responsiveness, and optical upconversion were controlled in multilayered films using a variety of polymer hosts and functional additives. These components were united to develop a number of technologically relevant optical systems including terahertz photonic crystals, all-polymer distributed Bragg reflector and distributed feedback lasers, stimuli responsive mechanochromic sensors, materials for three dimensional optical data storage, and the first and a number of subsequent solid-state optical upconversion systems. The combination of fabrication methods which are amenable to rapid, inexpensive, large-scale industrial production with materials performance that is competitive with current state of the art systems in a number of high-tech applications means the concepts explored herein should have an ever expanding impact in years to come.
Structure Property Relationships In Multilayered Polymeric System And Olefinic Block Copolymers
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Author : Devang Khariwala
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Structure Property Relationships In Multilayered Polymeric System And Olefinic Block Copolymers written by Devang Khariwala and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The dissertation focuses on structure-property relationships in several polymeric systems. In part I, the effect of tie-layer thickness on delamination behavior of polypropylene/tie-layer/Nylon-6 multilayers is examined. Various maleated polypropylene resins were compared for their effectiveness as tie-layers. Delamination failure occurred cohesively in all the multilayer systems. Two adhesion regimes were defined based on the change in slope of the linear relationship between the delamination toughness and the tie-layer thickness. The measured delamination toughness of the various tie-layers was quantitatively correlated to the damage zone length formed at the crack tip. Exciting new developments in polyolefin synthesis give rise to olefinic block copolymers with properties typical of thermoplastic elastomers. Part II of the dissertation describes the material science of these unique polymers as characterized by thermal analysis, x ray diffraction, microscopy, and tensile deformation. The block copolymers synthesized by chain shuttling technology consist of crystallizable ethylene-octene blocks with low comonomer content and high melting temperature (hard blocks), alternating with amorphous ethylene-octene blocks with high comonomer content and low glass transition temperature (soft blocks). Blocky ethylene-octene copolymers differ from random copolymers in their rapid rate of crystallization and in the formation of space-filling spherulites even when the crystallinity is as low as 7 %. The crystallization kinetics of these copolymers in terms of bulk crystallization and spherulite growth rate is compared.
