Le Village Camerounais L Heure De L Ajustement
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Le Village Camerounais L Heure De L Ajustement
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Author :
language : fr
Publisher: KARTHALA Editions
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Le Village Camerounais L Heure De L Ajustement written by and has been published by KARTHALA Editions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Cameroon categories.
1987 : L'État camerounais se déclare en cessasion de paiement et la crise latente, est révélée au grand jour. De proche en proche et à des degrés divers, l'ensemble des secteurs économiques et des catégories sociales est touché. L'Etat est contraint de faire appel aux institutions financières internationales pour tenter de redresser la situation. Plusieurs programmes successifs d'ajustement structurel sont mis en oeuvre pour s'achever provisoirement ? sur la dévaluation de janvier 1994. Les études réunies dans cet ouvrage tentent de saisir par le menu la multiplicité des conséquences de cette situation sur le quotidien des ruraux et le tissu social des campagnes. Suppression des subventions, liquidation ou restructuration des "éléphants blancs", libéralisation à marche forcée, abandon des services sociaux vitaux, etc. : pas un seul secteur n'échappe à la hache des "ajusteurs". La misère et la pauvreté touchent donc les plus exposés et les plus vulnérables, tous ceux qui n'ont pas de ressources de substitution qui ne peuvent plus mobiliser des aides ou profiter de rentes de situation. Et pas de bouclier protecteur, faute d'Etat-providence ! Qui sont les perdants et les gagnants de ce seisme économique et social qui n'est pas achevé ? A-t-on trouvé de nouvelles ressources pour se substituer à celles qui ont fait défaut ? Comment a-t-on essayé d'amortir les chocs subis par les proches ? Comment a-ton adaptées les formes de régulation sociale ? Comment traverse-t-on cette période financièrement difficile dans la gestion des charges familiales, de l'éducation, de la santé ou de la célébration des morts ? Le village camerounais change. Si les femmes s'affirment sur le plan économique, elles restent toujours aussi peu "visibles". Les "élites" citadines restent toujours aussi peu "visibles". Les "élites" citadines cherchent à échapper aux obligations qu'elles se crées. Les mobilités géographiques et sociales ne servent plus d'exutoire pour les cadets sociaux. Le crédit informel prend des garanties pour ses avances de trésorerie. Les études publiées dans cet ouvrage évaluent la capacité de résistance et de renouvellement des décennies anterieures. Elles tentent d'expliquer les itinéraires empruntés par les ménages ruraux en observant comportements, attitudes et anticipations possibles. (Résumé d'auteur).
Economics And Ecology Of Diversification
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Author : François Ruf
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-09-23
Economics And Ecology Of Diversification written by François Ruf and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The monoculture systems that have been encouraged by governments since the 1960s have led to major socio-economic and environmental crises. Now the diversification of tree crop systems is advancing throughout the tropics. Why and when does diversification take place? What categories of farmers diversify? What obstacles do they have to overcome, and how do public and private policies interfere in this process? How do land use systems and landscapes evolve as a result of this diversification? According to the authors of this volume, diversification is certainly a response to market risks, but also to the depletion of environmental resources. Ecological changes such as declining soil fertility and increasing pressure from pests, diseases and weeds intensify at the end of monoculture cycles, driving crop change and diversification of farming systems. Through 15 case studies from Africa, Latin America, Asia and the Pacific, the authors provide us with in-depth insights into the economy and ecology of family agriculture and its recent developments.
Regional Balance And National Integration In Cameroon
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Author : Paul Nchoji Nkwi
language : en
Publisher: African Books Collective
Release Date : 2011
Regional Balance And National Integration In Cameroon written by Paul Nchoji Nkwi and has been published by African Books Collective this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Political Science categories.
This book presents a series of reflections by Cameroon scholars on a variety of topics associated with regional balance and national integration. The different reflections look for answers to some burning questions of the day such as: Where are we coming from? Where are we going? How are we going where we are going? Have the different state ideologies offered appropriate solutions to the quest for a strong, united, stable and prosperous nation-state? If not, what has gone wrong and why? What can be done to shape the future and accommodate the aspirations of the men and women of Cameroon and of their progeny? The book addresses the issue of national unity and national integration within the context of different political perceptions and visions. It examines the merits and demerits of the policy of regional balance of the Ahmadou Ahidjo years (1960-1982). Focus is also on the underlying flaws of this doctrine and philosophy. The debate also addresses some critical questions of the national integration policy and practices of Paul Biya, President since November 1982. The policy has failed to achieve its stated goals and has ended up in the ethnicisation and polarisation of national life. The future of the Cameroon nation-state, with its rich ethnic and cultural diversity, seems to be in jeopardy as internal forces question the management of civil society by leaders who have lost the sense of justice and equity. Why are there several voices singing the song of destitution and disappointment with the state? Have regionalism and the rhetoric of national integration and balance emerged as untenable polities within a nation-state in search of an identity and responsible leadership? These are some of the questions and issues Cameroonian and Cameroonist scholars have tried to address in this collection of 28 well-researched and outstandingly argued essays.
Cocoa Pioneer Fronts Since 1800
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Author : William Gervase Clarence-Smith
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1996-11-12
Cocoa Pioneer Fronts Since 1800 written by William Gervase Clarence-Smith and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-11-12 with Business & Economics categories.
The livelihood of Third World farmers conflicts with saving the remaining tropical forests. The advantages of growing cocoa in cleared primary forest drive from the fertility of virgin soils and low concentrations of weeds, pests and diseases. The consequent emergence of new 'pioneer fronts' has also been affected by cheap labour, relative commodity prices, pests and diseases, credit resources, entrepreneurship, information, physical infrastructures, and government policies. The dynamism of smallholdings and competitive private marketing over estates and marketing boards is demonstrated.
World Forests Markets And Policies
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Author : Matti Palo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
World Forests Markets And Policies written by Matti Palo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the 1990s the world community has arrived at a particularly in developing countries and in econo historical turning point. Global issues- the decline mies in transition. These three organizations have of biological diversity, climate change, the fate of different backgrounds and focuses, but have found forest peoples, fresh water scarcity, desertification, it relevant and rewarding to their core operations to deforestation and forest degradation - have come collaborate in WFSE activities. The intention of to dominate the public and political debate about these organizations is to continue supporting the forestry. In the economic sphere, forest industries WFSE research and developing the mutual collab have assumed global dimensions. oration. The World Forests, Society and Environment In the year 2000,WFSE took on anewchallenge, Research Program (WFSE) is a response by the re extending its research network to involve five new searchcommunity to thisglobalization. The WFSE Associate Partners: the Center for International slogan 'Globalization calls for global research' re Forestry Research (CIFOR) in Indonesia;the Cent flects both the means and the end of the program. er for Research and Higher Education on Natural The program is involved in promoting and execut Resources of Tropical America (CATIE) in Costa ing research in different parts of the world, and Rica; the International Centerfor Research inAgro through its publications and communications net Forestry (ICRAF) in Kenya; the World Forestry work, linking researchers worldwide.
Ibss Economics 1995
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Author : Compiled by the British Library of Political and Economic Science at the London School of Economics
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1996
Ibss Economics 1995 written by Compiled by the British Library of Political and Economic Science at the London School of Economics and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Economics categories.
The IBSS is the essential tool for librarians, university departments, research institutions and any public or private institutions whose work requires access to up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge of the social sciences.
Agricultural Marketing In Tropical Africa
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Author : H. Laurens van der Laan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-08-09
Agricultural Marketing In Tropical Africa written by H. Laurens van der Laan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-09 with Business & Economics categories.
First published in 1999, this volume explores how African agriculture has always had a strong appeal for the people of the Netherlands. This is due to (1) a long-established interest in tropical agriculture going back to the days when Indonesia was a Duth colony; (2) a broad-based desire to help the Third World; and (3) the view that Tropical Africa is highly dependent on agriculture. As practical expertise in Africa and systematic research on African agriculture grew, specialization became both possible and necessary. This volume reflects the specialization in marketing which has been welcomed by economists, geographers and scholars of agricultural marketing. In addition to a general introductory chapter, this book includes five contributions on staple food grains, two on export crops, two on cattle and one on horticulture. Nine of the chapters are country-specific, covering Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cȏte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Tanzania and Zambia.
The Politics Of Neoliberal Reforms In Africa
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Author : Piet Konings
language : en
Publisher: African Books Collective
Release Date : 2011
The Politics Of Neoliberal Reforms In Africa written by Piet Konings and has been published by African Books Collective this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.
Neoliberalism has become the dominant development agenda in Africa. Faced with a deep economic and political crisis, African governments have been compelled by powerful external agencies, in particular the Bretton Woods institutions and western states, to pursue this agenda as a necessary precondition for the receipt of development aid. What is particularly striking in Africa, however, is that neoliberal experiments there have displayed such remarkable diversity. This may be due not only to substantial differences in historical, economic and political trajectories on the African continent but also, and maybe more importantly, in the degree of resistance internal actors have demonstrated to the neoliberal reforms imposed on them. This book focuses on Cameroon which has had a complex economic and political history and is currently witnessing resistance to the neoliberal experiment by the authoritarian and neopatrimonial state elite and various civil-society groups. It is the culmination of over twenty years of fine and refined research by one of the leading scholars of Cameroon today.
Distortions To Agricultural Incentives In Africa
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009-03-13
Distortions To Agricultural Incentives In Africa written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-13 with Political Science categories.
The vast majority of the world s poorest households depend on farming for their livelihoods. During the 1960s and 1970s, most developing countries imposed pro-urban and anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Although progress has been made over the past two decades to reduce those policy biases, many trade- and welfare-reducing price distortions remain between agriculture and other sectors and within the agricultural sector of both rich and poor countries. Comprehensive empirical studies of the disarray in world agricultural markets appeared approximately 20 years ago. Since then, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has provided estimates each year of market distortions in high-income countries, but there have been no comparable estimates for the world s developing countries. This volume is the third in a series (other volumes cover Asia, Europe s transition economies, and Latin America and the Caribbean) that not only fills that void for recent years but extends the estimates in a consistent and comparable way back in time and provides analytical narratives for scores of countries that shed light on the evolving nature and extent of policy interventions over the past half-century. 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Africa' provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in the Arab Republic of Egypt plus 20 countries that account for about of 90 percent of Sub-Saharan Africa s population, farm households, agricultural output, and overall GDP. Sectoral, trade, and exchange rate policies in the region have changed greatly since the 1950s, and there have been substantial reforms since the 1980s. Nonetheless, numerous price distortions in this region remain, others have been added in recent years, and there has also been some backsliding, such as in Zimbabwe. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for assessing the successes and failures of the past and for evaluating policy options for the years ahead.
Gender Equality And Education From International And Comparative Perspectives
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Author : David Baker
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2009-04-03
Gender Equality And Education From International And Comparative Perspectives written by David Baker and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-03 with Education categories.
Investigates the often controversial relationship between gender, equality and education from international and comparative perspectives. This volume also investigates whether gender equality in education is really being achieved in schools around the world or not.