Learning And Physiological Regulation
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Learning And Physiological Regulation
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Author : Barry R. Dworkin
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1993-03-15
Learning And Physiological Regulation written by Barry R. Dworkin and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-03-15 with Psychology categories.
Since Pavlov, physiologists have explained homeostasis—the regulation of bodily functions—as the action of fixed negative feedback networks within individual organ systems. However, these standard explanations largely ignore the mechanisms of conditioning and learning. Drawing on the work of Western, East European, and Russian physiologists, Barry R. Dworkin challenges traditional concepts and argues that learning mechanisms of the nervous system are essential to regulation. Dworkin shows how, through experience, learning mechanisms determine dynamic stability and the long-term regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, glucose, electrolytes, and temperature. He argues that "hard wired" mechanisms do not adequately account for the speed and accuracy of physiological adjustments, and supports his contention with detailed analyses and mathematical models of how conditioned and unconditioned reflexes interact. Dworkin reviews a wealth of research on interoceptive conditioning, conditioned drug responses, and visceral adjustment. Combining physiological and behavioral data with mathematical analysis and computer models, he synthesizes the work of Pavlov and W. B. Cannon in a quantitative theory of physiological regulation that will interest researchers and theorists in medicine, physiology, neuroscience, and biopsychology.
Infant Learning And Physiological Self Regulation During The Visual Expectation Paradigm
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Infant Learning And Physiological Self Regulation During The Visual Expectation Paradigm written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Learning during infancy is dependent on many factors. One such factor is physiological self-regulation. This study investigated the relationship between physiological self-regulation abilities and evidence of learning based on Visual Expectation Paradigm (VExP) performance. Alterations in High Frequency Heart Period Variability (HFHPV) assessed physiological self-regulation and were hypothesized to correspond with VExP performance. Findings revealed patterns of HFHPV change during the VExP and that HFHPV change negatively corresponded with a resting measure of HFHPV and VExP performance. Results suggested that resting HFHPV was a better predictor of learning during the VExP than patterns of HFHPV change evidenced throughout the task.
The Core Concepts Of Physiology
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Author : Joel Michael
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-02-20
The Core Concepts Of Physiology written by Joel Michael and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-20 with Medical categories.
This book offers physiology teachers a new approach to teaching their subject that will lead to increased student understanding and retention of the most important ideas. By integrating the core concepts of physiology into individual courses and across the entire curriculum, it provides students with tools that will help them learn more easily and fully understand the physiology content they are asked to learn. The authors present examples of how the core concepts can be used to teach individual topics, design learning resources, assess student understanding, and structure a physiology curriculum.
The Physiological Underpinnings Of Young Children S Learning And School Engagement
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Author : Emma Louise Armstrong-Carter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
The Physiological Underpinnings Of Young Children S Learning And School Engagement written by Emma Louise Armstrong-Carter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
This dissertation examines how young children's physiological response to acute and chronic environmental challenges is related to their cognitive skills, self-regulation, and school engagement during the preschool and kindergarten period. I used a three-paper approach. Paper 1 revealed significant interactive effects of hair cortisol concentrations, an index of chronic physiological stress regulation, and family wealth on preschoolers' cognitive skills in rural Pakistan. Paper 2 demonstrated that among kindergartners in the US, highly reactive, subordinate children showed positive change in school engagement, whereas highly reactive dominant children showed negative change in engagement across the school year. Paper 3 illustrated that in the US, kindergartners with lower levels of observed self-regulated behavior showed sudden decreases in parasympathetic activation after a critical feedback task, suggesting that this post-task period was physiologically challenging for them. These findings underscore how physiology can reveal which environments are most optimal for different children's learning.
The Development Of Self Regulatory Mechanisms
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Author : Dwain N. Walcher
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-09-03
The Development Of Self Regulatory Mechanisms written by Dwain N. Walcher and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-03 with Psychology categories.
The Development of Self-Regulatory Mechanisms contains the papers presented at the conference on Early Childhood: The Development of Self-Regulatory Mechanisms, held at The Pennsylvania State University in January, 1970. The theme of the conference is divided into four areas of interest: biological regulatory mechanisms, early self-regulatory behavior, thoughtful self-regulation, and models of human self-regulation. Papers focused on subjects on neurophysiological and neuroendocrinological regulatory mechanisms; infant cognitive development based on cardiac response and attention patterns; factors affecting communication abilities; and similarity of self-regulatory features of computer programs to human regulatory mechanisms. Psychologists, neurologists, physiologists, and endocrinologist will find the book invaluable.
Encyclopedia Of The Sciences Of Learning
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Author : Norbert M. Seel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-10-05
Encyclopedia Of The Sciences Of Learning written by Norbert M. Seel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-05 with Education categories.
Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences.
Physiology Question Based Learning
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Author : Hwee Ming Cheng
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-06
Physiology Question Based Learning written by Hwee Ming Cheng and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-06 with Medical categories.
This book provides the reader with a range of questions and explanations related to essential aspects of the neural, hormonal and gastrointestinal physiology. The focus of the book is on understanding the homeostatic control in each system by using questions to challenge the reader to think through physiology. In addition, functional integration of the different organ systems is highlighted in an area such as neuroendocrinology and in the study of the neural mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract. This is the second Physiology Question-Based Learning book, written by Prof. Dr. Cheng. He has taught physiology for thirty years. He has pioneered the international physiology quiz, which is now an annual event at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and at universities around the world. As quiz master, he has designed challenging questions to test concepts and understanding in physiology. This book reflects the style of questions asked during the physiology quiz. The questions are designed to stimulate integrative and homeostatic thinking in physiology. The Physiology Question-Based Learning books will be helpful to all students of Physiology in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and allied health sciences. This work is written to make physiology learning engaging and enjoyable and to encourage effective teaching in physiology.
Neural Mechanisms Of Goal Directed Behavior And Learning
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Author : Richard F. Thompson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Neural Mechanisms Of Goal Directed Behavior And Learning written by Richard F. Thompson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Medical categories.
Neural Mechanisms of Goal-Directed Behavior and Learning provides information pertinent to the neuronal mechanisms of motivation and learning. This book focuses on the theoretical frameworks within which researchers analyze specific problems. Organized into six parts encompassing 39 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the problem of goal-directed behavior that occupies a central position in psychology. This text then examines the behavioral investigations that are directed at delineating the role of contiguity and determining the possible mechanisms of reinforcement in classical defense and reward conditioning. Other chapters consider the homeostatic regulation of various functions, such as nutrition, temperature, respiration, blood pressure, and fluid and electrolyte balance. This book discusses as well the effects of experimental treatments on memory. The final chapter deals with the relationship between perception and memory. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists and scientists. Graduate students in behavioral neuroscience will also find this book useful.
Systemic Homeostasis And Poikilostasis In Sleep
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Author : Pier Luigi Parmeggiani
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2011
Systemic Homeostasis And Poikilostasis In Sleep written by Pier Luigi Parmeggiani and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.
This book aims at presenting biologists and clinicians with a compact description of the physiological manifestations of sleep that are significant from the viewpoint of the principle of homeostasis. In the jargon of the physiological literature, the word ?homeostasis?, introduced by W.B. Cannon (1926), refers to the existence of a constant state of extracellular body fluids with regard to their physical and chemical properties. Since normal cell function depends on the constancy of such fluids, in multicellular animals there are many regulatory mechanisms under the control of the central nervous system that act to maintain the constancy of the internal environment.The experimental study of homeostasis in wakefulness already revealed the nature and complexity of the underlying physiological mechanisms. Many of these regulatory mechanisms trigger compensatory changes according to the principle of negative feedback. In contrast, the control of homeostasis across sleep states is still an issue under debate concerning its physiological persistence and significance. The author's aim is to find the specific mechanistic proofs of the actual consistency or inconsistency of the principle in different states of sleep. In this respect, there are several interacting physiological functions that ought to be examined across the sleep states. The selection of the most significant experimental data is carried out with a view to present a simple but not simplistic approach to the issue.The book brings forth the evidence that the systemic homeostatic regulation of many physiological variables underlying cellular life is not active in a particular state of the ultradian sleep cycle in mammals. It also shows the theoretical and functional importance of the principle of homeostasis, as a criterion of the systemic characterisation of the integrative control of physiological functions by the central nervous system during sleep in mammals.
Consciousness And Self Regulation
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Author : Richard J. Davidson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Consciousness And Self Regulation written by Richard J. Davidson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Psychology categories.
In the Preface to the third volume, we described the evolution of this Series and the changes that have taken place in the field since the first volume appeared. The contents of the current volume continue the com mitment to a broadly based perspective on research related to con sciousness and self-regulation which was embodied in the previous three volumes. Chapters are included which consider the role of con sciousness in cognitive theory and clinical phenomena. Several of the contributions to this volume are concerned with the nature of self-reg ulation and the role of conscious processing in the mediation of self regulated behavior. Most of the authors adopt a psychobiological ap proach to their subject matter. Our selection of contributors with a bias toward this approach reflects our own views that the psychobiological approach is a very fruitful one and that the "architecture" of the nervous system places important constraints on the types of theories that are possible in this emerging area. While the subject matter of the chapters in this volume is quite diverse, the contributions are united by their emphasis on the impor tance of consciousness and/or self-regulation in the understanding of behavior and experience. We have selected what we believe is repre sentative of the best theory and research in the diverse areas which bear on the theme of this series, maintaining a balance between basic and clinical research.