Les Conseils Juifs Dans L Europe Allemande
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Les Conseils Juifs Dans L Europe Allemande
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Author : Michel Laffitte
language : fr
Publisher: Centre de Documentation juive Contemporaine
Release Date : 2006
Les Conseils Juifs Dans L Europe Allemande written by Michel Laffitte and has been published by Centre de Documentation juive Contemporaine this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) categories.
Souvent confondus sous le terme polémique de Judenrat, les conseils placés par les Allemands à la tête des communautés juives de l'ensemble de l'Europe occupée ont-ils été des machineries impeccables autant qu'implacables, transposables dans tous les pays avec la même efficacité ? Précocement expérimenté à Vienne en 1938, le modèle autrichien du Judenrat domine les localités juives de Pologne où les situations sont cependant diverses. Ce modèle du Judenrat est ensuite transposé par les Allemands en 1941 aux communautés juives de Salonique, des pays baltes et des territoires soviétiques envahis, puis, en mars 1944 aux communautés juives de Budapest quand s'enclenche l'extermination des Juifs de Hongrie. Mais ce modèle ne correspond pas à la situation qui prévaut en Europe occidentale, si l'on excepte le cas d'Amsterdam. Depuis plus d'un demi-siècle, le sujet est un enjeu de mémoires, souvent relayé par des articles, des ouvrages polémiques, voire des procès. Ils visent des " notables " juifs présumés " collaborateurs " : mais ce terme, qui implique un choix idéologique et une marge de négociation entre vainqueurs et vaincus, est-il pertinent quand il s'agit des Juifs ? Ces dirigeants étaient-ils étrangers à leurs communautés, étaient-ils " créatures " des nazis ? Placés à la tête des œuvres d'assistance, avaient-ils un programme ? Pouvaient-ils être accusés d'avoir sciemment aveuglé leurs coreligionnaires au sujet des préparatifs de l'extermination, voire, pour prix de leur propre survie, de les avoir livrés ? Après guerre, de nombreux jurys d'honneur ont mis en cause des dirigeants de Conseils juifs (Amsterdam, Bruxelles, Paris, Europe centrale et Israël, même lors du procès Kasztner de 1955). Périodiquement relancées, ces accusations portent la marque d'un débat éthique dont la philosophe Hannah Arendt s'était fait l'écho au moment du procès Eichmann en 1961.
The War Against The Jews 1933 1945
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Author : Lucy S. Dawidowicz
language : en
Publisher: Open Road Media
Release Date : 2010-11-09
The War Against The Jews 1933 1945 written by Lucy S. Dawidowicz and has been published by Open Road Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-09 with History categories.
A history of how anti-Semitism evolved into the Holocaust in Germany: “If any book can tell what Hitlerism was like, this is it” (Alfred Kazin). Lucy Dawidowicz’s groundbreaking The War Against the Jews inspired waves of both acclaim and controversy upon its release in 1975. Dawidowicz argues that genocide was, to the Nazis, as central a war goal as conquering Europe, and was made possible by a combination of political, social, and technological factors. She explores the full history of Hitler’s “Final Solution,” from the rise of anti-Semitism to the creation of Jewish ghettos to the brutal tactics of mass murder employed by the Nazis. Written with devastating detail, The War Against the Jews is the definitive and comprehensive book on one of history’s darkest chapters.
Who Will Write Our History
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Author : Samuel D. Kassow
language : en
Publisher: Indiana University Press
Release Date : 2018-08-01
Who Will Write Our History written by Samuel D. Kassow and has been published by Indiana University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-01 with History categories.
In 1940, the historian Emanuel Ringelblum established a clandestine organization, code named Oyneg Shabes, in Nazi-occupied Warsaw to study and document all facets of Jewish life in wartime Poland and to compile an archive that would preserve this history for posterity. As the Final Solution unfolded, although decimated by murders and deportations, the group persevered in its work until the spring of 1943. Of its more than 60 members, only three survived. Ringelblum and his family perished in March 1944. But before he died, he managed to hide thousands of documents in milk cans and tin boxes. Searchers found two of these buried caches in 1946 and 1950. Who Will Write Our History tells the gripping story of Ringelblum and his determination to use historical scholarship and the collection of documents to resist Nazi oppression.
Juif Dans La France Allemande
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Author : Michel Laffitte
language : fr
Publisher: Editions Tallandier
Release Date : 2006
Juif Dans La France Allemande written by Michel Laffitte and has been published by Editions Tallandier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with France categories.
En 1944, dans les jours précédant la Libération, alors que le processus d'extermination des communautés juives est pratiquement achevé aux Pays-Bas ou en Pologne, des milliers de Juifs parisiens continuent de mener une existence visible, à quelques kilomètres du camp de Drancy, antichambre d'Auschwitz. Si les rafles meurtrières ont poussé des milliers d'entre eux à rechercher la clandestinité et à gagner des refuges en zone Sud, une vie organisée se poursuit, au coeur du malheur. Seules deux institutions sont autorisées : le Consistoire central, conservatoire des principes républicains et, en apparence à l'opposé, l'Union générale des Israélites de France (UGIF), créée par Vichy en 1941 et conçue par les Allemands comme un instrument de repérage et un moyen de diffusion de leurs ordres. En acceptant de négocier avec l'occupant et avec Vichy, en s'efforçant de préserver des foyers d'accueil, des cantines, des dispensaires et autres organismes communautaires alors que s'accroissent les pressions, les exactions et les persécutions, les dirigeants des institutions juives ont-ils versé dans la trahison en participant à une politique de leurre ? Les responsables de l'UGIF ont-ils permis le fichage des populations juives, et participé à la distribution de l'étoile jaune, comme ils en furent accusés après-guerre sans qu'on y regarde de plus près ? L'ouvrage de Michel Laffitte ", écrit Annette Wieviorka dans sa préface, " se situe aux antipodes d'un simplisme expéditif et réducteur.Il nous fait pénétrer avec subtilité dans la réalité quotidienne de ces hommes et de ces femmes, dans les perceptions qu'ils ont des mesures prises contre eux, dans les mécanismes mentaux qui les font agir dans une situation où la marge qui leur est laissée est si mince. C'est un récit nouveau et passionnant de la vie des Juifs sous l'Occupation, nourri par des sources nombreuses et inédites. " Et elle conclut : " L'intelligence, la sensibilité, le souci de la vérité sont les seuls vrais hommages que l'on peut rendre aux victimes.
Jews In Post Holocaust Germany 1945 1953
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Author : Jay Howard Geller
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005
Jews In Post Holocaust Germany 1945 1953 written by Jay Howard Geller and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with History categories.
This is the story of the reemergence of the Jewish community in Germany after its near total destruction during the Holocaust. In western Germany, the community needed to overcome deep cultural, religious, and political differences before uniting. In eastern Germany, the small Jewish community struggled against communist opposition. After coalescing, both Jewish communities, largely isolated by the international Jewish community, looked to German political leaders and the two German governments for support. Through relationships with key German leaders, they achieved stability by 1953, when West Germany agreed to pay reparations to Israel and to individual Holocaust survivors and East Germany experienced a wave of antisemitic purges. Using archival materials from the Jewish communities of East and West Germany as well as governmental and political party records, Geller elucidates the reestablishment of organized Jewish life in Germany and the Jews' critical ties to political leaders.
A Past In Hiding
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Author : Mark Roseman
language : en
Publisher: Macmillan + ORM
Release Date : 2014-04-15
A Past In Hiding written by Mark Roseman and has been published by Macmillan + ORM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-15 with History categories.
A heart-stopping survivor story and brilliant historical investigation that offers unprecedented insight into daily life in the Third Reich and the Holocaust and the powers and pitfalls of memory. At the outbreak of World War II, Marianne Strauss, the sheltered daughter of well-to-do German Jews, was an ordinary girl, concerned with studies, friends, and romance. Almost overnight she was transformed into a woman of spirit and defiance, a fighter who, when the Gestapo came for her family, seized the moment and went underground. On the run for two years, Marianne traveled across Nazi Germany without papers, aided by a remarkable resistance organization, previously unknown and unsung. Drawing on an astonishing cache of documents as well as interviews on three continents, historian Mark Roseman reconstructs Marianne's odyssey and reveals aspects of life in the Third Reich long hidden from view. As Roseman excavates the past, he also puts forward a new and sympathetic interpretation of the troubling discrepancies between fact and recollection that so often cloud survivors' accounts. A detective story, a love story, a story of great courage and survival under the harshest conditions, A Past in Hiding is also a poignant investigation into the nature of memory, authenticity, and truth.
Refugees From Nazi Germany And The Liberal European States
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Author : Frank Caestecker
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Refugees From Nazi Germany And The Liberal European States written by Frank Caestecker and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with History categories.
The exodus of refugees from Nazi Germany in the 1930s has received far more attention from historians, social scientists, and demographers than many other migrations and persecutions in Europe. However, as a result of the overwhelming attention that has been given to the Holocaust within the historiography of Europe and the Second World War, the issues surrounding the flight of people from Nazi Germany prior to 1939 have been seen as Vorgeschichte (pre-history), implicating the Western European democracies and the United States as bystanders only in the impending tragedy. Based on a comparative analysis of national case studies, this volume deals with the challenges that the pre-1939 movement of refugees from Germany and Austria posed to the immigration controls in the countries of interwar Europe. Although Europe takes center-stage, this volume also looks beyond, to the Middle East, Asia and America. This global perspective outlines the constraints under which European policy makers (and the refugees) had to make decisions. By also considering the social implications of policies that became increasingly protectionist and nationalistic, and bringing into focus the similarities and differences between European liberal states in admitting the refugees, it offers an important contribution to the wider field of research on political and administrative practices.
Fear
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Author : Jan Gross
language : en
Publisher: Random House Trade Paperbacks
Release Date : 2007-08-14
Fear written by Jan Gross and has been published by Random House Trade Paperbacks this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-14 with History categories.
An astonishing and heartbreaking study of the Polish Holocaust survivors who returned home only to face continued violence and anti-Semitism at the hands of their neighbors “[Fear] culminates in so keen a shock that even a student of the Jewish tragedy during World War II cannot fail to feel it.”—Elie Wiesel FINALIST FOR THE NATIONAL JEWISH BOOK AWARD • NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY THE WASHINGTON POST BOOK WORLD Poland suffered an exceedingly brutal Nazi occupation during the Second World War, in which 90 percent of the country’s three and a half million Jews perished. Yet despite this unprecedented calamity, Jewish Holocaust survivors returning to their hometowns in Poland after the war were further subjected to terror and bloodshed. The deadliest peacetime pogrom in twentieth-century Europe took place in the Polish town of Kielce on July 4, 1946. In Fear, Jan T. Gross addresses a vexing question: How was this possible? At the center of his investigation is a detailed reconstruction of the Kielce pogrom and how ordinary Poles responded to the spectacle of Jews being murdered by their fellow citizens. Anti-Semitism, Gross argues, became a common currency between the Communist regime and a society in which many were complicit in the Nazi campaign of plunder and murder—and for whom the Jewish survivors were a standing reproach. For more than half a century, the fate of Jewish Holocaust survivors in Poland was cloaked in guilt and shame. Writing with passion, brilliance, and fierce clarity, Jan T. Gross brings to light a truth that must never be ignored. Praise for Fear “That a civilized nation could have descended so low . . . such behavior must be documented, remembered, discussed. This Gross does, intelligently and exhaustively.”—The New York Times Book Review “Gripping . . . an especially powerful and, yes, painful reading experience . . . illuminating and searing.”—Los Angeles Times Book Review “Gross tells a devastating story. . . . One can only hope that this important book will make a difference.”—Boston Sunday Globe “A masterful work that sheds necessary light on a tragic and often-ignored aspect of postwar history.”—Booklist (starred review) “Astonishing . . . Gross supplies impeccable documentation.”—Baltimore Sun “Compelling . . . Gross builds a meticulous case.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review)
Adenauer S Germany And The Nazi Past
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Author : Norbert Frei
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2002-08-27
Adenauer S Germany And The Nazi Past written by Norbert Frei and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-08-27 with History categories.
Of all the aspects of recovery in postwar Germany perhaps none was as critical or as complicated as the matter of dealing with Nazi criminals, and, more broadly, with the Nazi past. While on the international stage German officials spoke with contrition of their nation's burden of guilt, at home questions of responsibility and retribution were not so clear. In this masterful examination of Germany under Adenauer, Norbert Frei shows that, beginning in 1949, the West German government dramatically reversed the denazification policies of the immediate postwar period and initiated a new "Vergangenheitspolitik," or "policy for the past," which has had enormous consequences reaching into the present. Adenauer's Germany and the Nazi Past chronicles how amnesty laws for Nazi officials were passed unanimously and civil servants who had been dismissed in 1945 were reinstated liberally—and how a massive popular outcry led to the release of war criminals who had been condemned by the Allies. These measures and movements represented more than just the rehabilitation of particular individuals. Frei argues that the amnesty process delegitimized the previous political expurgation administered by the Allies and, on a deeper level, served to satisfy the collective psychic needs of a society longing for a clean break with the unparalleled political and moral catastrophe it had undergone in the 1940s. Thus the era of Adenauer devolved into a scandal-ridden period of reintegration at any cost. Frei's work brilliantly and chillingly explores how the collective will of the German people, expressed through mass allegiance to new consensus-oriented democratic parties, cast off responsibility for the horrors of the war and Holocaust, effectively silencing engagement with the enormities of the Nazi past.
The Correspondence Of Hannah Arendt And Gershom Scholem
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Author : Hannah Arendt
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2017-11-17
The Correspondence Of Hannah Arendt And Gershom Scholem written by Hannah Arendt and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-17 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
The essence of the correspondence between Arendt and Scholem can be said to lie in three things. Above all it provides an intimate account of how two great intellectuals try to come to terms with being both German and Jewish, and how to think about Germany before, during, and after the Holocaust. They also debate the issue of what it means to be Jewish in the post-Holocaust world whether in New York or in Jerusalem. Finally, the specter of Benjamin haunts the work and in a sense the letters are as much about Benjamin as the other two questions since his life and tragic death epitomize them both. Arendt and Scholem's letters on these weighty questions are lightened by more routine exchanges: on travel itineraries, lunch or dinner parties where important people were present, and so forth. These daily details are woven throughout the correspondence and provide vivid biographical information about Arendt and Scholem that is unavailable in any other source.