Leveraged Funds
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Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds
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Author : Tim Leung
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-02-24
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds written by Tim Leung and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-24 with Mathematics categories.
This book provides an analysis, under both discrete-time and continuous-time frameworks, on the price dynamics of leveraged exchange-traded funds (LETFs), with emphasis on the roles of leverage ratio, realized volatility, investment horizon, and tracking errors. This study provides new insights on the risks associated with LETFs. It also leads to the discussion of new risk management concepts, such as admissible leverage ratios and admissible risk horizon, as well as the mathematical and empirical analyses of several trading strategies, including static portfolios, pairs trading, and stop-loss strategies involving ETFs and LETFs. The final part of the book addresses the pricing of options written on LETFs. Since different LETFs are designed to track the same reference index, these funds and their associated options share very similar sources of randomness. The authors provide a no-arbitrage pricing approach that consistently value options on LETFs with different leverage ratios with stochastic volatility and jumps in the reference index. Their results are useful for market making of these options, and for identifying price discrepancies across the LETF options markets. As the market of leveraged exchange-traded products become a sizeable connected part of the financial market, it is crucial to better understand its feedback effect and broader market impact. This is important not only for individual and institutional investors, but also for regulators.
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds
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Author : Peter Miu
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 2016-01-05
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds written by Peter Miu and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Leveraged Exchange-Traded Funds (LETFs) are publicly-traded funds that promise to provide daily returns that are in a multiple (positive or negative) of the returns on an index. To meet that promise, the funds use leverage, which is typically obtained through derivatives such as futures contracts, forward contracts, and total-return swaps. As of the end of 2012, there were over 250 LETFs in North America with total assets of approximately $32.24 billion. While the amount of assets held by these funds is still small, their popularity continues to grow as their trading volume is significantly larger and much more dynamic than traditional, non-leveraged ETFs. This comprehensive guide to LETFs provides high-level practitioners and researchers with a detailed reference tool for navigating the market and making informed investment decisions. Written from a measured analytical perspective, Miu and Charupat use clear and concise explanations of all important aspects of LETFs, focusing on such key elements as structure, pricing, performance, regulations, taxation, and trading strategies. The first two chapters set the stage for the book by identifying exactly what LETFs are and how they are regulated. The following chapters then look to bridge theory with practice to dive deep into the mechanics, portfolio rebalancing techniques, and daily compounding effects that make investing in these funds so lucrative.
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds
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Author : Narat Charupat
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds written by Narat Charupat and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Leverage What Leverage A Deep Dive Into The U S Flow Of Funds In Search Of Clues To The Global Crisis
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Author : Mr.Ashok Vir Bhatia
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2012-06-01
Leverage What Leverage A Deep Dive Into The U S Flow Of Funds In Search Of Clues To The Global Crisis written by Mr.Ashok Vir Bhatia and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper questions the view that leverage should have forewarned us of the global financial crisis of 2007-09, pointing to several gearing indicators that were neither useful portents of the onset of the crisis nor of its ferocity. Instead it shows, first, that the use of ill-suited collateral in the secured funding operations of U.S.-based investment banks was the fatal link between the collapse of structured finance and the global malfunction of funding markets that turbocharged the downdraft; and, second, that this insight (and others) can be decrypted from the Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States.
Setting Aside Myths About Leveraged Etfs
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Author : Tom Lydon
language : en
Publisher: Pearson Education
Release Date : 2010-03-15
Setting Aside Myths About Leveraged Etfs written by Tom Lydon and has been published by Pearson Education this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This is the eBook version of the printed book. This Element is an excerpt from The ETF Trend Following Playbook: Profiting from Trends in Bull or Bear Markets with Exchange Traded Funds (ISBN: 9780137029013) by Tom Lydon. Available in print and digital formats. The real truth about leveraged ETFs—and why commonly held beliefs about them just aren’t true. With popularity comes criticism and nit-picking. Leveraged ETFs are no exception. Some pundits believe these specialized ETFs have increased market volatility in the last hour of trading. But many investors and people in the media are having trouble getting their arms around the truth. The SEC has been looking closely at these funds and have had dialogue and visits with ETF providers who are offering them. Here are the facts....
The Performance Of Leveraged And Inverse Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds
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Author : Brian J. Henderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Performance Of Leveraged And Inverse Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds written by Brian J. Henderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
We document significant abnormal daily returns to leveraged and inverse leveraged exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Abnormal returns are positive for leveraged funds and negative to inverse leveraged funds, and the magnitude increases in the absolute value of the leverage multiple. We propose and test a model linking the abnormal return performance to transactions costs associated with the frequent (daily) rebalancing necessary to maintain target exposures as well as other costs including the swap financing costs and the cost to borrow in the lending market. In the full cross-section, the results suggest funding costs associated with achieving leverage impact returns negatively (positively) for leveraged (inverse leveraged) funds. Capitalizing on a key institutional feature, analysis of pairs of mirror funds reveals transactions costs associated with the maintenance of daily leverage multiples meaningfully impact fund returns. The results are also consistent with inverse leveraged funds bearing the cost-to-borrow to the benefit of the leveraged (long) funds.
Quantum Fading Strategies For Leveraged And Inverse Etfs
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Author : Andreas Cseh
language : en
Publisher: Anchor Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2013-08
Quantum Fading Strategies For Leveraged And Inverse Etfs written by Andreas Cseh and has been published by Anchor Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Suppose the market is going to ‘crash’. What would you do? The most common answer would probably be: Sell what you have and get out of it. However, what if you have nothing to sell? A couple of years ago, simple investors would have said: ‘Stay on the sidelines’. The sophisticated and professionals always had plenty of avenues, such as shorting the stock, buying put options or selling naked calls. The gap was narrowed with the arrival of leveraged and inverse ETFs. These allow even novice investors to short the market in a less risky way. Traditional ETFs track an index or basket in a one-for-one approach, basically they are managed passively. In contrast, leveraged and inverse ETFs are intraday traded, and shouldn’t be confused with more-vanilla ETFs. Leveraged ETFs require active management which involves the borrowing of funds to purchase additional shares (bullish LETFs) or the short-selling (bearish LETFs) and the rebalance of the position on a daily basis. At present, most levered ETFs are either 2X, 3X, -2X, or 3X, and therefore they give investors the possibility to earn two or three times (and loose two or three times) the daily return of a simple long or short position in the index. These levered ETFs have leverage (borrowing) built into their structure, thus eliminating the need for investors to do their own borrowing (margin, futures, swaps etc.) or short-selling. But, the leveraging process is built to achieve an objective quite different from that of the simple and classical ETF.
Modeling The Re Balancing Slippage Of Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds
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Author : Lakshithe Wagalath
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Modeling The Re Balancing Slippage Of Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds written by Lakshithe Wagalath and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Leveraged exchange-traded funds are designed to track a multiple of the daily return of an underlying benchmark index. In order to keep a fixed exposure to the benchmark index, leveraged ETFs have to re-balance their positions everyday, generating a structural 're-balancing slippage' which has been documented in several empirical studies.This paper quantifies the re-balancing slippage of leveraged ETFs by developing a tractable model for the dynamics of leveraged funds, which takes into account the impact of active management by leveraged ETFs. We characterize the re-balancing strategy of the leveraged fund and its impact on the value of the leveraged ETF and we model its dynamics in discrete-time. We show that the re-balancing impact systematically diminishes the daily return of the leveraged ETF and that, over a holding period of more than one day, leveraged ETFs develop a tracking-error which can be decomposed between a compounding deviation - that has already been documented and quantified in previous studies - and a re-balancing deviation. The study of the continuous-time limit of the multi-period model allows us to obtain analytical formulas for the re-balancing slippage and the tracking-error of the leveraged ETF. Our theoretical results are consistent with empirical studies which find that tracking-error and re-balancing impact are larger in periods of high volatility and for leveraged ETFs with negative leverage ratios.
Leveraged Funds
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Author : Paolo Guasoni
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Leveraged Funds written by Paolo Guasoni and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Leveraged and inverse exchange-traded funds seek daily returns equal to fixed multiples of indexes' returns. Trading costs implied by frequent adjustments of funds' portfolios create a tension between tracking error, reflecting short-term correlation with the index, and excess return, the long-term deviation from the leveraged index' performance. With proportional costs, the optimal replication policy is robust to the index' dynamics. Overall fund performance is summarized by the implied spread, the product of tracking error and excess return, rescaled for leverage and volatility. The implied spread is insensitive to risk-premia and enables comparisons of funds tracking different factors of an index.
Leveraged Buyouts
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Author : Paul Pignataro
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-11-15
Leveraged Buyouts written by Paul Pignataro and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-15 with Business & Economics categories.
A comprehensive look at the world of leveraged buyouts The private equity industry has grown dramatically over the past twenty years. Such investing requires a strong technical know-how in order to turn private investments into successful enterprises. That is why Paul Pignataro has created Leveraged Buyouts + Website: A Practical Guide to Investment Banking and Private Equity. Engaging and informative, this book skillfully shows how to identify a private company, takes you through the analysis behind bringing such an investment to profitability—and further create high returns for the private equity funds. It includes an informative leveraged buyout overview, touching on everything from LBO modeling, accounting, and value creation theory to leveraged buyout concepts and mechanics. Provides an in-depth analysis of how to identify a private company, bring such an investment to profitability, and create high returns for the private equity funds Includes an informative LBO model and case study as well as private company valuation Written by Paul Pignataro, founder and CEO of the New York School of Finance If you're looking for the best way to hone your skills in this field, look no further than this book.