Light Trapping In High Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
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Light Trapping In High Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
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Author : Johannes Eisenlohr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Light Trapping In High Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Johannes Eisenlohr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells
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Author : Martin A. Green
language : en
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Release Date : 1987-01-01
High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells written by Martin A. Green and has been published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The early chapters comprehensively review the optical and transport properties of silicon. Light trapping is described in detail. Limits on the efficiency of silicon cells are discussed as well as material requirements necessary to approach these limits. The status of current approaches to passifying surfaces, contacts and bulk regions is reviewed. The final section of the book describes the most practical approaches to the fabrication of high-efficiency cells capable of meeting the efficiency targets for both concentrated and non-concentrated sunlight, including a discussion of design and processing approaches for non-crystalline silicon.
Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Incorporating Advanced Light Trapping Structures
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Author : Matthew S. Branham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Incorporating Advanced Light Trapping Structures written by Matthew S. Branham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Solar photovoltaics, which convert the energy potential of photons from the sun directly into electrical power, hold immense promise as a cornerstone of a clean energy future. Yet their cost remains greater than that of conventional energy sources in most markets and a barrier to large-scale adoption. Crystalline silicon modules, with a 90% share of the worldwide photovoltaic market, have witnessed a precipitous drop in price over the last decade. But going forward, further evolutionary cost reduction will be difficult given the significant cost of the silicon wafer alone - roughly 35% of the module. Dramatically reducing the thickness of silicon used to make a solar cell from the current 350 [mu]m could rewrite the economics of photovoltaics. For thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells to deliver the anticipated cost benefits of reduced material requirements, it is essential that they also yield power conversion efficiencies comparable to commercial solar cells. A significant hurdle to realizing elevated efficiency in crystalline silicon films thinner than 20 [mu]m is the loss of current resulting from reduced photon absorption. A range of light management structures have been proposed in the literature to address this issue and many have been demonstrated to provide high absorption across the spectral range relevant to crystalline silicon, but their promise has yet to be realized in an active photovoltaic device. The focus of this thesis is the development of an experimental platform and fabrication process to evaluate the effectiveness of theoretically-designed light-trapping structures in functional photovoltaic devices. The experimental effort yielded 10-pm-thick crystalline silicon solar cells with a peak short-circuit current of 34.5 mA cm-2 and power conversion efficiency of 15.7%. The record performance for a crystalline silicon photovoltaic of such thinness is enabled by an advanced light-trapping design incorporating a 2D photonic crystal and a rear dielectric/reflector stack. A parallel line of questioning addressed in this thesis is whether periodic wavelength-scale optical structures are superior to periodic or random structures with geometric-optics-scale features. Through the synthesis of experimental and theoretical evidence, the case is constructed that wavelength-scale light-trapping structures are in fact comparable to conventional random pyramid surface structures for broad-spectrum absorption in silicon solar cells as thin as 5 [mu]m. These results have important implications for the design of cost-effective and manufacturable light-trapping structures for ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells.
Light Trapping In Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
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Author : Javaneh Boroumand Azad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Light Trapping In Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Javaneh Boroumand Azad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This dissertation presents numerical and experimental studies of a unified light trapping approach that is extremely important for all practical solar cells. A 2D hexagonal Bravais lattice diffractive pattern is studied in conjunction with the verification of the reflection mechanisms of single and double layer anti-reflective coatings in the broad range of wavelength 400 nm - 1100 nm. By varying thickness and conformity, we obtained the optimal parameters which minimize the broadband reflection from the nanostructured crystalline silicon surface over a wide range of angle 0°-65°. While the analytical design of broadband, angle independent anti-reflection coatings on nanostructured surfaces remains a scientific challenge, numerical optimization proves a viable alternative, paving the path towards practical implementation of the light trapping solar cells. A 3 [micrometer] thick light trapping solar cell is modeled in order to predict and maximize combined electron-photon harvesting in ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells. It is shown that the higher charge carrier generation and collection in this design compensates the absorption and recombination losses and ultimately results in an increase in energy conversion efficiency. Further, 20 [micrometer] and 100 [micrometer] thick functional solar cells with the light trapping scheme are studied. The efficiency improvement is observed numerically and experimentally due to photon absorption enhancement in the light trapping cells with respect to a bare cell of same thickness.
Solar Cells
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Author : Augustin McEvoy
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2012-12-31
Solar Cells written by Augustin McEvoy and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Enormous leaps forward in the efficiency and the economy of solar cells are being made at a furious pace. New materials and manufacturing processes have opened up new realms of possibility for the application of solar cells. Crystalline silicon cells are increasingly making way for thin film cells, which are spawning experimentation with third-generation high-efficiency multijunction cells, carbon-nanotube based cells, UV light for voltage enhancement, and the use of the infrared spectrum for night-time operation, to name only a few recent advances. This thoroughly updated new edition of Markvart and Castaner’s Solar Cells, extracted from their industry standard Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics, is the definitive reference covering the science and operation, materials and manufacture of solar cells. It is essential reading for engineers, installers, designers, and policy-makers who need to understand the science behind the solar cells of today, and tomorrow, in order to take solar energy to the next level. A thorough update to the definitive reference to solar cells, created by a cast of international experts from industry and academia to ensure the highest quality information from multiple perspectives Covers the whole spectrum of solar cell information, from basic scientific background, to the latest advances in materials, to manufacturing issues, to testing and calibration. Case studies, practical examples and reports on the latest advances take the new edition of this amazing resource beyond a simple amalgamation of a vast amount of knowledge, into the realm of real world applications
High Efficiency Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
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Author : Muyu Xue
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
High Efficiency Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Muyu Xue and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
The climate change associated with burning fossil fuels as dominant energy resource has been a significant concern. Solar photovoltaics (PV) is the dominant type of renewable and eco-friendly energy resource to alleviate this problem. Crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV has been the dominant type of solar cell with more than 90% of the global PV market at the end of 2017, because of its low-cost, good stability and well-developed processing technology. To continue reducing the price of solar modules, ultrathin c-Si solar cells have been investigated: they are a feasible pathway to continue "price scaling" by effectively reducing the c-Si material consumption. However, the performance of ultrathin c-Si cells is constrained by two physical limitations: poor light absorption and contact recombination. To achieve the optimal efficiency from ultrathin c-Si cells, the cells must be designed to overcome these limitations. This dissertation provides comprehensive experimental strategies to overcome these two performance limitations of ultrathin c-Si solar cells. The main part of this dissertation concludes with the characterization of the "free-standing", ultrathin c-Si cell integrated with carrier-selective contacts and light trapping structures. These cells show very consistent performance before and after being released from the substrate. These findings show the capability of ultrathin c-Si technology to not only reduce the material cost, but also maintain high efficiency.
Light Trapping In Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
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Author : Ulf Blieske
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Light Trapping In Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Ulf Blieske and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Silicon categories.
High Efficiency Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells With Novel Light Trapping
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Author : Lirong Zeng (Ph. D.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
High Efficiency Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells With Novel Light Trapping written by Lirong Zeng (Ph. D.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
(Cont.) To prove the theory on the intended application, top-contacted thin film Si solar cells integrated with the TPC back reflector are successfully fabricated using Si-on-insulator material through an active layer transfer technique. All cells exhibit strong absorption enhancement, similar to that predicted by simulation. The 5 [mu]m thick cells gained 19% short circuit current density improvement, despite machine problems during fabrication. The textured photonic crystal back reflector design can be applied directly to single and poly-crystalline Si solar cells, and its principle is broadly applicable to other materials systems.
Light Trapping In Thin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
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Author : James A. Rand
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Light Trapping In Thin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by James A. Rand and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Silicon categories.
Low Cost Manufacturing Of Light Trapping Features On Multi Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
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Author : Amine Berrada Sounni
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Low Cost Manufacturing Of Light Trapping Features On Multi Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Amine Berrada Sounni and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
An experimental study was conducted in order to determine low cost methods to improve the light trapping ability of multi-crystalline solar cells. We focused our work on improving current wet etching methods to achieve the desired light trapping features which consists in micro-scale trenches with parabolic cross-sectional profiles with a target aspect ratio of 1.0. The jet etching with a hard mask method, which consists in impinging a liquid mixture of hydrofluoric, nitric and acetic acids through the opening of hard mask, was developed. First, a computational fluid dynamics simulation was conducted to determine the desired jet velocity and angle to be used in our experiments. We find that using a jet velocity of 3 m/s and a jetting angle of 45° yields the necessary flow characteristics for etching high aspect ratio features. Second, we performed experiments to determine the effect of jet etching using a photo-resist mask and thermally grown silicon oxide mask on multiple silicon substrates : 100, 110, 111 and multi-crystalline silicon. Compared to a baseline of etching with no jet, we find that the jet etching process can improve the light trapping ability of the baseline features by improving their aspect ratio up to 65.2% and their light trapping ability up to 38.1%. The highest aspect ratio achieved using the jet etching process was 0.62. However, it must be noted that the repeatability of the results was not consistent: significant variations in the results of the same experiment occurred, making the jet etching process promising but difficult to control. Finally, we performed a cost analysis in order to determine the minimum efficiency that a jet etching process would have to achieve to be cost competitive and its corresponding features aspect ratio. We find that a minimum cell efficiency of 16.63% and feature aspect ratios of 0.57 are necessary for cost competitiveness with current solar cell manufacturing technology.
