Local Labor Markets And Job Match Quality
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Local Labor Markets And Job Match Quality
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Author : Rebecca Fraenkel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Local Labor Markets And Job Match Quality written by Rebecca Fraenkel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
This paper examines how the quality of a potential teacher's outside option affects who chooses to teach. I use variation in state level unemployment rates as a source of plausibly exogenous variation in the outside option available to first-year teachers in the NCES-SASS. I find that higher quality workers-as measured by college selectivity-become teachers when the local labor market is weak. I also find that individuals who become teachers during times of higher local unemployment are more likely to express dissatisfaction with their jobs. Other observable demographic, educational, and certification characteristics of newly hired teachers are not affected. Teachers who enter during weaker labor markets are also no less likely to remain in teaching. Economic downturns provide a potential opportunity for schools to attract and retain higher quality workers, but job satisfaction may suffer.
Three Essays On It And Labor Market Matching
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Author : Xue Guo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Three Essays On It And Labor Market Matching written by Xue Guo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Labor market matching has significant economic and social impacts since a low matching efficiency/quality reduces aggregated gains in productivity and wages and may lead to unemployment and job vacancy. IT has played a crucial role in influencing labor markets matching by reducing search costs, lowering enter barriers, and promoting flexibility. In this dissertation, I explore one antecedent (i.e., digital labor markets) and two consequences of labor market matching (i.e., local employment and wage). The first essay examines the role of project descriptions (i.e., codifiability, flexibility, outcome standards) in influencing the matching efficiency in the digital labor markets. The results find that an appropriate project description could improve the matching efficiency by 15% between employers and service providers. The second essay studies the impact of an extension in the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program (STEM OPT), an immigration policy that matches local demand with global supply, on local labor markets. I found that the STEM OPT extension boosts employment for domestic IT professionals by promoting innovative and entrepreneurial activities. The third essay studies the impact of an emerging gig platform (i.e., TaskRabbit), a new matching mechanism, on the employment of workers in the housekeeping industry. The results suggest that the platform mostly impacted middle-level management (e.g., first-line supervisors), while the manual workers, such as cleaners and janitors, were not as affected. The contributions and implications of each essay are discussed.
Labor Markets And Business Cycles
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Author : Robert Shimer
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2010-04-12
Labor Markets And Business Cycles written by Robert Shimer and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Labor Markets and Business Cycles integrates search and matching theory with the neoclassical growth model to better understand labor market outcomes. Robert Shimer shows analytically and quantitatively that rigid wages are important for explaining the volatile behavior of the unemployment rate in business cycles. The book focuses on the labor wedge that arises when the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and leisure does not equal the marginal product of labor. According to competitive models of the labor market, the labor wedge should be constant and equal to the labor income tax rate. But in U.S. data, the wedge is strongly countercyclical, making it seem as if recessions are periods when workers are dissuaded from working and firms are dissuaded from hiring because of an increase in the labor income tax rate. When job searches are time consuming and wages are flexible, search frictions--the cost of a job search--act like labor adjustment costs, further exacerbating inconsistencies between the competitive model and data. The book shows that wage rigidities can reconcile the search model with the data, providing a quantitatively more accurate depiction of labor markets, consumption, and investment dynamics. Developing detailed search and matching models, Labor Markets and Business Cycles will be the main reference for those interested in the intersection of labor market dynamics and business cycle research.
The Effect Of Labor Market Policies On Firms And Workers
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Author : Laura Montenovo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
The Effect Of Labor Market Policies On Firms And Workers written by Laura Montenovo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Discrimination categories.
In this dissertation, I estimate how the features of major and ubiquitous labor market programs are causally associated with several firms' and workers' outcomes. For the causal identification of the effects, I exploit two recent Italian reforms that weakened employment protections for firms above a certain size and one that differentially changed the generosity of unemployment insurance by subgroups of workers in Italy, hence providing quasi-experimental settings. In Chapter One, I investigate how weakening employment protections impacts firms' size distribution, their dynamism as measured by the tendency to change in size, and their productivity. In Chapter Two, I consider the same reform as the treatment, but I quantify its effects on workers by exploring how the national decrease in termination costs affects workers' labor market outcomes. Hence, I explore hiring, termination, job transfers, and job match quality outcomes overall and by age, gender, and location of the workers. Finally, in Chapter Three I examine the effects of a reform that geographically equalizes the duration of unemployment insurance payments. If lowering unemployment insurance duration decreases internal migration rates, then the results provide evidence that the unemployed are liquidity-constrained and use the unemployment insurance payments to fund their relocation to different local labor markets. If, instead, the reform increases migration rates, then the findings would point to the dependency of workers on the generosity of public programs, and to their strategic behavior to remain where these are more generous. With the results across the three essays, my goal is to provide rigorous evidence about what features of the policies I consider lead to the desired effects, and to what extent and how any unwanted impacts emerge. By causally identifying such implications across both participants in the labor market, firms and workers, I am hoping to provide useful and comprehensive policy recommendations regarding the design of employment protections and of the unemployment insurance program.
Handbook Of Labor Economics
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Author : Orley Ashenfelter
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1999-11-18
Handbook Of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-11-18 with Business & Economics categories.
A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.
Labor Market Conditions Skill Requirements And Education Mismatch
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Author : Fraser Summerfield
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Labor Market Conditions Skill Requirements And Education Mismatch written by Fraser Summerfield and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Labor market categories.
Job Referral Networks And The Determination Of Earnings In Local Labor Markets
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Author : Ian M. Schmutte
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Job Referral Networks And The Determination Of Earnings In Local Labor Markets written by Ian M. Schmutte and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Despite their documented importance in the labor market, little is known about how workers use social networks to find jobs and their resulting effect on earnings. I use geographically detailed U.S. employer-employee data to infer the role of social networks in connecting workers to jobs in high-paying firms. To identify social interactions in job search, I exploit variation in social network quality within small neighborhoods. Workers are more likely to change jobs, and more likely to move to a higher-paying firm, when their neighbors are employed in high-paying firms. Furthermore, local referral networks help match high-ability workers to high-paying firms.
The Working Life
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Author : Nan L. Maxwell
language : en
Publisher: W.E. Upjohn Institute
Release Date : 2006
The Working Life written by Nan L. Maxwell and has been published by W.E. Upjohn Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Labor market categories.
Uses recent data from the San Francisco's Bay Area Longitudinal Survey (BALS) to evaluate characteristics of recruiting and screening methods, skill requirements in entry-level jobs, and promotional opportunities concerning jobs available to workers with little formal education or work experience. Finds that low-skilled jobs do require skills in English, mathematics, problem-solving and communication, often relatively high physical and mechanical abilities, and that firms carry increased wages and offer promotional opportunities. Provides details about the skill assessment and job duties.
Employability And Local Labour Markets
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Author : Ronald W. McQuaid
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-18
Employability And Local Labour Markets written by Ronald W. McQuaid and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-18 with Business & Economics categories.
The concept of employability has provided a foundation for much current labour market policy. It has also provided a useful framework for analyzing national and urban labour markets and related policies in a variety of different circumstances both for those in and out of work. The papers in this book help progress the concept of employability, demonstrating the importance of the geographic and spatial context, and showing its flexibility and usefulness as a basis for theory, analysis and policy. The papers are divided into two main sections: understanding the concept of employability lessons for labour market policy in changing labour markets. The chapters also provide general insights into many current labour market policy debates. As employability continues to be the foundation of many labour market policies, this volume considers the economic and geographical dimensions of employability in local labour market analysis and policy. This book was previously published as a special issue of the journal Urban Studies.
Mismatch In Local Labor Markets
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Author : Timothy J. Bartik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Mismatch In Local Labor Markets written by Timothy J. Bartik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Job creation categories.
This paper estimates the effects on local labor market outcomes (employment rates, real wages, real earnings) of local labor demand shocks to different types of occupations. Occupations are divided into three groups, “high, middle, and low,” with occupations differing in wages paid and education credentials required. Effects are considered on both workers with less than a four-year college degree and workers with a bachelor’s degree or higher. The strongest benefits for labor market outcomes come from demand shocks to “mid jobs.” Mid-job demand shocks particularly benefit less-educated workers. High-job demand shocks often hurt labor market outcomes for less-educated workers, in part because such shocks push up local prices. Low-job demand shocks sometimes improve labor market outcomes for less-educated workers, and sometimes damage labor market outcomes for more-educated workers. Estimated labor demand effects also vary in different types of local labor markets. For example, when baseline local labor market conditions are tight (high baseline employment rate), less-educated workers gain more in real earnings from low-demand shocks, and lose more in real earnings from high-demand shocks.