Local Labor Markets And Natural Resources
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Local Labor Markets And Natural Resources
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Author : Joseph Marchand
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Local Labor Markets And Natural Resources written by Joseph Marchand and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
A primary way that natural resources affect a locality is through the demand for labor, with greater extraction requiring more workers. Shifts in labor demand can be measured through changes in employment and earnings, the main labor market outcomes, or through changes in the population and income, more generally. These changes may spillover into the non-resource economy, leading to greater overall effects or possibly crowd out; be spread unequally across the population, thereby altering the distribution of income and the poverty rate; or influence educational attainment, as people choose between additional schooling and work. In this review, the literature linking natural resources to local labor markets is synthesized by organizing existing studies according to their resource measurement and the outcomes that they consider. This synthesis provides an accessible guide to a literature that has boomed in recent years. It also identifies promising avenues for future research and lays a foundation to further gen.
Local Labor Markets And Natural Resources
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Local Labor Markets And Natural Resources written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
A primary way that natural resources affect a locality is through the demand for labor, with greater extraction requiring more workers. Shifts in labor demand can be measured through changes in employment and earnings, the main labor market outcomes, or through changes in the population and income, more generally. These changes may spillover into the non-resource economy, leading to greater overall effects or possibly crowd out; be spread unequally across the population, thereby altering the distribution of income and the poverty rate; or influence educational attainment, as people choose between additional schooling and work. In this review, the literature linking natural resources to local labor markets is synthesized by organizing existing studies according to their resource measurement and the outcomes that they consider. This synthesis provides an accessible guide to a literature that has boomed in recent years. It also identifies promising avenues for future research and lays a foundation to further generalize the evidence through an eventual meta-analysis.
Persistent Gender Roles
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Author : Victor Gamarra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Persistent Gender Roles written by Victor Gamarra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Natural resource booms have differentiated employment dynamics once gender is considered. With this caveat in mind, we analyze the effect of mining booms in local labor markets where historically gender roles have undermined women's participation and have marked gender roles regarding the women's role in the household. Our results suggest that most of the job creation is driven by increases in male employment, predominantly in the mining sector, and indirectly in construction and local services brought by mining. Our results suggest the mining boom has increased men's and non-married women's job opportunities but decreased for those women married or with children at home. As the gender gaps seem to increase, women who exit the labor market are those who have a high workload at home. Our findings highlight the importance of the care economy and gender relations in shaping the labor outcomes of men and women.
Macroeconomic Shocks And Local Labor Market Outcomes In The Short And Long Run
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Author : Gaetano Basso
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Macroeconomic Shocks And Local Labor Market Outcomes In The Short And Long Run written by Gaetano Basso and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This dissertation analyzes how local labor markets respond to macroeconomic shocks, such as changes in the global price of commodities or international migration flows, based on their predetermined characteristics. I further investigate how short-run elasticities of employment, population and earnings to such economic shocks differ from the long-run ones. Last, I analyze which econometrics methods are best suited to estimate such responses over time. Chapter 1 analyzes how resource-rich local labor markets adjust to large swings in the global price of natural resources. I provide a novel dynamic analysis of the consequences of natural resource price cycles by measuring the economic performance of oil-rich areas in the U.S. over three decades (1970-2000). I find that the consequences of booms are different from the consequences of busts. Oil-rich economies adjust quickly to the new long-run equilibrium during booms by increasing local employment, nominal wages and income from capital. Migration responses are limited, which is consistent with the small real wage gains that occur because of contemporaneous large increases in local prices. The negative impact of a bust is borne locally through higher nonemployment and exacerbated by a large reduction in human capital investments observed during the preceding boom. The adverse long-run effects of boom-bust cycles mainly depress the lower end of the income distribution. Chapter 2, joint with Giovanni Peri, analyzes important correlations between immigration and labor market outcomes of native workers in the US. Using data on local labor markets, states and regions we first look at simple correlations and then we use regression analysis with an increasing number of controls for observed and unobserved factors. We review the potential methods to separate the part of this correlation that captures the causal link from immigrants to native labor outcomes and we show estimates obtained with 2SLS method using the popular shift-share instrument. One fact emerging from all the specifications is that the net growth of immigrant labor has a zero to positive correlation with changes in native wages and native employment, in aggregate and by skill group. We review the literature on the channels and the mechanisms that allow local economies to absorb immigrants with no negative (and possibly positive) impact on the labor demand for natives. Finally, Chapter 3 analyzes the identification of treatment effects delayed in time. Applied economists are increasingly interested in recovering the causal effect of a treatment over time, although the methods they use often ignore that outcomes and regressors may have internal propagation dynamics. Typical applications include geographic unit-by-time panel data in nonexperimental settings, such those analyzed in Chapters 1 and 2. In those contexts the elasticities of labor market outcomes to macro shocks in the short run may differ substantially from those in the long run. This chapter illustrates by means of two simple Monte Carlo simulations that traditional regression methods fail to recover such delayed effects. I find that distributed lags models in panel settings are substantially biased unless under trivial conditions with no internal propagation dynamics in both outcomes and regressors. In contrast, local projections methods perform significantly better. Most importantly, they can easily accommodate Arellano and Bond (1991) instruments thus reducing the bias further even in the presence of lagged dependent variables.
The Local Economic Impacts Of Natural Resource Extraction
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Author : James Cust
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Local Economic Impacts Of Natural Resource Extraction written by James Cust and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Whether it is fair to characterize natural resource wealth as a curse is still debated. Most of the evidence derives from cross-country analyses, providing cases both for and against a potential resource curse. Scholars are increasingly turning to within-country evidence to deepen our understanding of the potential drivers, and outcomes, of resource wealth effects. Moving away from cross-country studies offers new perspectives on the resource curse debate and can help overcome concerns regarding endogeneity. Therefore, scholars are leveraging datasets that provide greater disaggregation of economic responses and exogenous identification of impacts. This article surveys the literature on these studies of local and regional effects of natural resource extraction. We discuss data availability and quality, recent advances in methodological tools, and the main findings of several research areas. These areas include the direct impact of natural resource production on local labor markets and welfare, the effects of government spending channels resulting from mining revenue, and regional spillovers. Finally, we take stock of the state of the literature and provide suggestions for future research.
Labor Markets And Business Cycles
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Author : Robert Shimer
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2010-04-12
Labor Markets And Business Cycles written by Robert Shimer and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Labor Markets and Business Cycles integrates search and matching theory with the neoclassical growth model to better understand labor market outcomes. Robert Shimer shows analytically and quantitatively that rigid wages are important for explaining the volatile behavior of the unemployment rate in business cycles. The book focuses on the labor wedge that arises when the marginal rate of substitution between consumption and leisure does not equal the marginal product of labor. According to competitive models of the labor market, the labor wedge should be constant and equal to the labor income tax rate. But in U.S. data, the wedge is strongly countercyclical, making it seem as if recessions are periods when workers are dissuaded from working and firms are dissuaded from hiring because of an increase in the labor income tax rate. When job searches are time consuming and wages are flexible, search frictions--the cost of a job search--act like labor adjustment costs, further exacerbating inconsistencies between the competitive model and data. The book shows that wage rigidities can reconcile the search model with the data, providing a quantitatively more accurate depiction of labor markets, consumption, and investment dynamics. Developing detailed search and matching models, Labor Markets and Business Cycles will be the main reference for those interested in the intersection of labor market dynamics and business cycle research.
Handbook Of Labor Economics
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Author : Orley Ashenfelter
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1999-11-18
Handbook Of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-11-18 with Business & Economics categories.
A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.
Labour Economics And Public Policy Managing The Labour Markets For Competitiveness
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Author : Chew Soon Beng
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2017-03-17
Labour Economics And Public Policy Managing The Labour Markets For Competitiveness written by Chew Soon Beng and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-17 with Business & Economics categories.
This book serves as a textbook on labour economics and public policy in labour markets. It also shows how Singapore has been successful in establishing a world class labour market. One attribute of such a labour market is the high purchasing power of wages for the average worker for essentials such as housing, healthcare, quality education for children and retirement consumption, which motivates Singaporeans to work hard. The second attribute is a macro-focused labour union that works closely with the government, and is able to prevent excessive wage increase.
Natural Resources And Economic Development
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Author : Edward B. Barbier
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-09-19
Natural Resources And Economic Development written by Edward B. Barbier and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-19 with Business & Economics categories.
The second edition of this landmark book explores how natural resources contribute to development in poor economies.
Local Economic And Employment Development Leed Culture And Local Development
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2005-04-21
Local Economic And Employment Development Leed Culture And Local Development written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-21 with categories.
This publication highlights the impact of culture on local economies and the methodological issues related to its identification.