Long Term Implications Of Local Industrial Clusters
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Long Term Implications Of Local Industrial Clusters
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Author : Thomas Brenner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Long Term Implications Of Local Industrial Clusters written by Thomas Brenner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Industrial Clusters In The Long Run
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Author : Stephan Heblich
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Industrial Clusters In The Long Run written by Stephan Heblich and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
This paper exploits a short-lived cooperation program between the U.S.S.R. and China, which led to the construction of 156 "Million-Rouble plants" in the 1950s. We isolate exogenous variation in location decisions due to the relative position of allied and enemy airbases and study the long-run impact of these factories on local economic activity. While the "156" program accelerated industrialization in treated counties until the end of the command-economy era, this significant productivity advantage fully eroded in the subsequent period. We explore the nature of local spillovers responsible for this pattern, and provide evidence that treated counties are overspecialized and far less innovative. There is a large concentration of establishments along the production chain of the Million-Rouble plants, which limits technological spillovers across industries.
Competitive Cities In The 21st Century
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Author : Kyeong Ae Choe
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2011-10-01
Competitive Cities In The 21st Century written by Kyeong Ae Choe and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-01 with Political Science categories.
Economic challenges in developing Asian countries have become more complex: urban populations are growing at great cost to the environment, climate change has increased risks of natural disasters, and income gaps within and between developing countries are widening. These factors threaten the sustainable growth and development of urban areas, the drivers of Asia's economy. A strategic approach for inclusive growth is needed. The City Cluster Economic Development approach provides a strategic framework and a set of analytical tools, which governments, businesses, and communities can use to support the inclusive and sustainable development of competitive urban economies in Asia. Said approach was developed and tested by the Asian Development Bank to improve the basis for integrated planning and development of urban regions in Asia and the Pacific. It also elps urban managers and other city stakeholders identify action plans and determine priority investment areas.
Local Economic And Employment Development Leed Clusters Innovation And Entrepreneurship
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2009-07-17
Local Economic And Employment Development Leed Clusters Innovation And Entrepreneurship written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-17 with categories.
Explores the success of major innovation and entrepreneurship clusters in OECD countries, the challenges they now face in sustaining their positions and the lessons for other places seeking to build successful clusters.
Local Industrial Clusters
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Author : Thomas Brenner
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2004-08-02
Local Industrial Clusters written by Thomas Brenner and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This book takes the approach that all local economic clusters have something in common. It does this by putting specific case studies into a wider perspective.
Industrial Clusters And Micro And Small Enterprises In Africa
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2010-12-30
Industrial Clusters And Micro And Small Enterprises In Africa written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-30 with Business & Economics categories.
The World Bank, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Research Institute, and the Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development (FASID), in collaboration with researchers affiliated with the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), recently conducted a study on Africa s domestic enterprises to improve the understanding of the constraints micro and small enterprises in Africa face in improving productivity and expanding their markets. In Africa, there are stark performance gaps between domestically owned enterprises and foreign-owned enterprises in terms of sales performance, productivity, and ability to reach distant markets. Among others, size appears to be a dominant factor in explaining the gap. Against this background, the study analyzes how naturally formed industrial clusters concentrations of enterprises engaged in same or closely related industrial activities in specific locations could potentially mitigate constraints Africa s micro and small enterprises face and enhance their business performance. The study is one of the first comprehensive quantitative inquiries on industrial clusters in Africa. The analysis specifically focuses on the role of spontaneously grown clusters of light manufacturing industries based on a set of original case studies of industrial clusters conducted for this research project. One of the key findings from the case studies was that cluster-based micro and small enterprises are performing better than similar micro and small enterprises outside of the clusters in terms of sales performance and ability to reach distant markets. Market access is a leading reason for cluster-based enterprises to choose their current locations. However, cluster-based enterprises face another set of unique growth constraints. By the very nature of spontaneous agglomera tion, new enterprises continue to flow to the clusters seeking the profit opportunities and better access to markets at such locations. The result can be intense competition in addition to increased congestion. Space constraints often impede growth within clusters. The lack of alternative locations available for industrial activities in the same cities, generic infrastructure bottlenecks, and unclear zoning policies and their unpredictable changes limit firms location choices and constrain their mobility. While competition should improve efficiency, lack of capacity among those competing cluster-based enterprises to invest and innovate does not generate growth out of the competition. The vast majority of naturally formed clusters of light manufacturing industries in Africa are still at a survival level, where agglomeration externalities are only limited to expand quantity but not quality as we observe in more advanced innovation-oriented clusters in elsewhere in the world. Existing studies on such natural industrial clusters in Africa have found that the lack of managerial skills among entrepreneurs running micro and small enterprises is a major constraint for innovation and growth in the clusters. As a part of this study, pilot managerial skills training programs were conducted in two industrial clusters on an experimental basis, where a group of randomly selected entrepreneurs within the clusters were given three-week long crush course of based management such as bookkeeping, marketing, business planning, and production management. The impact evaluation of the experiments showed significant positive impacts of the training programs on value added and gross profits of enterprises. Raising the current survival-type industrial clusters, which have been formed as a coping mechanism to weak investment climate, into more dynamic innovating clusters will be an important avenue for fostering growth of micro and small enterprises in Africa. While national efforts to improve investment climate and investments in human capital are undoubtedly important, there could be more targeted policies to be formulated, in complementing general policies, to support growth of micro and small domestic enterprises using existing industrial clusters as a natural springboard for their growth. In that context, the study discusses the merit of cluster-based managerial human capital development to build steps toward more innovation-oriented clusters, the importance of sound spatial planning policy, particularly at the local level in the context of urban planning, the need to expand market access and economic linkages for industrial clusters including regional integration and linkages with large enterprises.
Economic Analysis Of Industrial Clustering In China
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Author : Xiyi Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Economic Analysis Of Industrial Clustering In China written by Xiyi Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "Economic Analysis of Industrial Clustering in China" by Xiyi, Yang, 杨锡怡, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: One of the most striking developments during China's economic reforms is the emergence of specialized industrial clusters in rural towns and villages with each contributing to a substantial share of the global product market. Different from the concepts of "clustering" or "geographical agglomeration" defined in existing studies, these clusters are developed under the unique institutional constraints to factor mobility and to entrepreneurship in China. Given the shortcomings of existing measurements, I construct an original measure of clustering which indeed can capture the major features from the reality. Based on this measurement, by using a combination of firm-level and county-level datasets from 1998-2007, I systematically test the economic impacts of clustering on regional growth and inequality, and on firm innovation and exporting. Along with the record-breaking growth, income inequality in China has increased so rapidly that China has become one of the most unequal economies in the world. How the development of clusters interacts with local economic growth and inequality, however, is unknown in the literature. Based on panel estimations, I find that industrial clusters, especially strong clusters or those with a more developed non-state sector, can enhance local economic and employment growth. More importantly, the higher growth does not lead to enlarged income inequality. Instead, counties with clusters consisting of a more developed non-state sector will have a substantially lower urban-rural inequality, driven by the increased income of local rural residents. The results stay robust after addressing the endogeneity issues by thepropensity score matching approach and the instrumental variable (IV) regression approach. On the other hand, though China has long been the factory floor that churns out popular gadgets for companies world-wide, the country's own technology were rarely viewed as leading edge. However, agrowing literature has pointed to the existence of distinctforms of industrial innovationin China that usually involvethe redefinition of existing technologies and the commercialization of new inventions.Given that a large proportion of the country's manufacturing is concentrated within these specialized industrial clusters, how this clustering environment interacts with industrial innovation and exporting of firms is an important but unanswered question. Using a combination of data from the State Intellectual Property Office Patent Database and the Chinese Manufacturing Firm Survey Database, I find that firms within industrial clusters are more likely to generate patent and this effect is amplified if there is a higher density of firms within the cluster, or if there are state-owned enterprises operating in the cluster. Moreover, firms located in industrial clusters will have a higher probability of exporting, especially if there are more private firms or foreign-invested firms within the clusters. Moreover, this effect of clustering on export is likely to operate through the channel of improved firm productivity. Finally, I use instrument variable regression to address the identification issue and establish causality between clustering and improved firm productivity. Subjects: Industrial clusters - China
Theories Of Local Economic Development
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Author : James E. Rowe
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-12-05
Theories Of Local Economic Development written by James E. Rowe and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-05 with Political Science categories.
In economic development, theory and practice exist as two seemingly separate realities. Academics strive to develop or refine theory by drawing on abstract concepts about the way people behave and institutions work, while practitioners draw from a stock of experiences. By bringing together leading theorists and practitioners such as Blakely, Blair, McCann, Luger, Gunder, Stough and Stimson, this book provides the first comprehensive overview of local economic development theories for over fifteen years. It explores the theory behind the key concepts that every economic practitioner must understand and in doing so, ties together the various theories from across the disciplines to practice.
Local Economic And Employment Development Leed Devolution And Globalisation Implications For Local Decision Makers
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2001-10-11
Local Economic And Employment Development Leed Devolution And Globalisation Implications For Local Decision Makers written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-10-11 with categories.
This book sets out a vision of devolved economic development policies capable of responding to the challenges of globalisation.
Global Connectivity And The Evolution Of Industrial Clusters
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Author : Ram Mudambi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Global Connectivity And The Evolution Of Industrial Clusters written by Ram Mudambi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Industrial clusters are a critical component of the competitive viability of economies around the world. However, clusters are not static but evolve in response to technology and competition. This process has garnered interest from scholars and from practitioners, with the focus primarily on local linkages and networks. Although global knowledge ties have the potential to fuel innovation, scant attention has been given to global knowledge connectivity in the context of cluster evolution. We analyze a comprehensive 30-year patent dataset (1975-2005) associated with the Akron industrial cluster in Northeast Ohio. The results also show that innovation in the cluster has survived in spite of a long-term decline in manufacturing activity and employment. The survival of innovation in the Akron cluster is driven by increasing specialization at the local level with an emphasis on technologies rather than products and growing connectedness to global innovation systems. A key implication of our study is the importance of anchor tenant multinational enterprises and research institutions in ensuring the persistence of local innovation through two key processes (a) orchestrating knowledge networks; and (b) spawning startup activity. We provide support for recent work in industrial marketing suggesting that network evolution has both deterministic and strategic aspects.