Machine Learning In Passive Ocean Acoustics For Localizing And Characterizing Events
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Machine Learning In Passive Ocean Acoustics For Localizing And Characterizing Events
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Author : Emma Ozanich
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Machine Learning In Passive Ocean Acoustics For Localizing And Characterizing Events written by Emma Ozanich and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Passive acoustics, or the recording of pressure signals from uncontrolled sound sources, is a powerful tool for monitoring man-made and natural sounds in the ocean. Passive acoustics can be used to detect changes in physical processes within the environment, study behavior and movement of marine animals, or observe presence and motion of ocean vessels and vehicles. Advances in ocean instrumentation and data storage have improved the availability and quality of ambient noise recordings, but there is an ongoing effort to improve signal processing algorithms for extracting useful information from the ambient noise. This dissertation uses machine learning as a framework to address problems in underwater passive acoustic signal processing. Statistical learning has been used for decades, but machine learning has recently gained popularity due to the exponential growth of data and its ability to capitalize on these data with efficient GPU computation. The chapters within this dissertation cover two types of problems: characterization and classification of ambient noise, and localization of passive acoustic sources. First, ambient noise in the eastern Arctic was studied from April to September 2013 using a vertical hydrophone array as it drifted from near the North Pole to north of Fram Strait. Median power spectral estimates and empirical probability density functions (PDFs) along the array transit show a change in the ambient noise levels corresponding to seismic survey airgun occurrence and received level at low frequencies and transient ice noises at high frequencies. Noise contributors were manually identified and included broadband and tonal ice noises, bowhead whale calling, seismic airgun surveys, and earthquake T phases. The bowhead whale or whales detected were believed to belong to the endangered Spitsbergen population and were recorded when the array was as far north as 86°24'N. Then, ambient noise recorded in a Hawaiian coral reef was analyzed for classification of whale song and fish calls. Using automatically detected acoustic events, two clustering processes were proposed: clustering handpicked acoustic metrics using unsupervised methods, and deep embedded clustering (DEC) to learn latent features and clusters from fixed-length power spectrograms. When compared on simulated signals of fish calls and whale song, the unsupervised clustering methods were confounded by overlap in the handpicked features while DEC identified clusters with fish calls, whale song, and events with simultaneous fish calls and whale song. Both clustering approaches were applied to recordings from directional autonomous seafloor acoustic recorder (DASAR) sensors on a Hawaiian coral reef in February 2020. Next, source localization in ocean acoustics was posed as a machine learning problem in which data-driven methods learned source ranges or direction-of-arrival directly from observed acoustic data. The pressure received by a vertical linear array was preprocessed by constructing a normalized sample covariance matrix (SCM) and used as the input for three machine learning methods: feed-forward neural networks (FNN), support vector machines (SVM) and random forests (RF). The FNN, SVM, RF and conventional matched-field processing were applied to recordings from ships in the Noise09 experiment to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for underwater source localization. The source localization problem was extended by examining the relationship between conventional beamforming and linear supervised learning. Then, a nonlinear deep feedforward neural network (FNN) was developed for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for two-source DOA and for K-source DOA, where K is unknown. With multiple snapshots, K-source FNN achieved resolution and accuracy similar to Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) and SBL for an unknown number of sources. The practicality of the deep FNN model was demonstrated on ships in the Swellex96 experimental data.
On Ice Detection Classification Localization And Tracking Of Anthropogenic Acoustic Sources With Machine Learning
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
On Ice Detection Classification Localization And Tracking Of Anthropogenic Acoustic Sources With Machine Learning written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Abstract : Arctic acoustics have been of concern in recent years for the US navy. First-year ice is now the prevalent factor in ice coverage in the Arctic, which changes the previously understood acoustic properties. Due to the ice melting each year, anthropogenic sources in the Arctic region are more common: military exercises, shipping, and tourism. For the navy, it is of interest to detect, classify, localize, and track these sources to have situational awareness of these surroundings. Because the sources are on-water or on-ice, acoustic radiation propagates at a longer distance and so acoustics are the method by which the sources are detected, classified, localized, and tracked. These methods are all part of sound navigation and ranging (SONAR). This dissertation describes algorithms which will better SONAR results without modification of the sensors or the environment and the process by which to arrive to this point. The focus is to use supervised machine learning algorithms to facilitate such technological enhancements. Specifically, neural networks analyze labeled experimental data from a first-year, shore-fast, shallow and narrow water environment. The experiments were conducted over the span of three years from 2019 to 2022, mostly during the months from January to March where ice formed over the Keweenaw Waterway at the Michigan Technological University. All experiments were conducted to analyze a passive acoustic source; that is, the source was non-cooperative and did not send any localizing pings for active SONAR. The experiments were recorded using an underwater pa-type acoustic vector sensor (AVS). The data and analysis were done intermittently to update any upcoming experiments with discrepancies found in the analysis to create a more generalized algorithm. The work in this dissertation focuses on two topics for passive SONAR: localization and classification. Because of the ``black box" nature in machine learning, tracking the target source is an extension of localization and thought of as the same goal within machine learning. To introduce and verify the complexity of the testing environment, an underwater acoustic simulation is shown with Ray tracing and bathymetry data to compare with the experimental results used in machine learning. The focus of the algorithms is to produce the best results for the experiments and compare the results with traditional methods, such as a simulation or a linear Gaussian localization with a Kalman filter. Experiments studying neural network types have shown that the Vision Transformer (ViT) produces excellent results. The ViT is capable of analyzing acoustic intensity azimuthal spectrogram (azigram) data and localizing a moving target at high accuracy, and the ViT is capable of classifying multiple acoustic sources with the acoustic intensity magnitude spectrogram at high accuracy as well.
The Discovery Of The Unknown Planet The Ocean
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Author : Paolo Favali
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-07-24
The Discovery Of The Unknown Planet The Ocean written by Paolo Favali and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-24 with Science categories.
Arctic Technology And Policy
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Author : Ira Dyer
language : en
Publisher: Hemisphere Pub
Release Date : 1984
Arctic Technology And Policy written by Ira Dyer and has been published by Hemisphere Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Nature categories.
Papers organized into three main sections.
Passive Acoustic Monitoring Of Cetaceans
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Author : Walter M. X. Zimmer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-04-21
Passive Acoustic Monitoring Of Cetaceans written by Walter M. X. Zimmer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-21 with Science categories.
Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly used by the scientific community to study, survey and census marine mammals, especially cetaceans, many of which are easier to hear than to see. PAM is also used to support efforts to mitigate potential negative effects of human activities such as ship traffic, military and civilian sonar and offshore exploration. Walter Zimmer provides an integrated approach to PAM, combining physical principles, discussion of technical tools and application-oriented concepts of operations. Additionally, relevant information and tools necessary to assess existing and future PAM systems are presented, with Matlab code used to generate figures and results so readers can reproduce data and modify code to analyse the impact of changes. This allows the principles to be studied whilst discovering potential difficulties and side effects. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, the book provides all information and tools necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of this interdisciplinary subject.
Fish Bioacoustics
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Author : Jacqueline F. Webb
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-05-22
Fish Bioacoustics written by Jacqueline F. Webb and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-22 with Science categories.
This new definitive volume on fish auditory systems will interest investigators in both basic research of fish bioacoustics as well as investigators in applied aspects of fisheries and resource management. Topics cover structure, physiology, localization, and acoustic behavior as well as more applied topics such as using sound to detect and locate fish.
Prl Tr
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962
Prl Tr written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Personnel management categories.
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Handbook Of Signal Processing In Acoustics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008
Handbook Of Signal Processing In Acoustics written by and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Acoustic Emission Testing
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Author : Christian U. Grosse
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-07-12
Acoustic Emission Testing written by Christian U. Grosse and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques have been studied in civil engineering for a long time. The techniques are recently going to be more and more applied to practical applications and to be standardized in the codes. This is because the increase of aging structures and disastrous damages due to recent earthquakes urgently demand for maintenance and retrofit of civil structures in service for example. It results in the need for the development of advanced and effective inspection techniques. Thus, AE techniques draw a great attention to diagnostic applications and in material testing. The book covers all levels from the description of AE basics for AE beginners (level of a student) to sophisticated AE algorithms and applications to real large-scale structures as well as the observation of the cracking process in laboratory specimen to study fracture processes.