Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis
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Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis
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Author : Martha M. Moore
language : en
Publisher: Banbury Report
Release Date : 1987
Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis written by Martha M. Moore and has been published by Banbury Report this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Nature categories.
Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis
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Author : Abraham W. Hsie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis written by Abraham W. Hsie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Science categories.
Quantitative Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis And A Preliminary Study Of The Mutagenic Potential Of Metallic Compounds
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Quantitative Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis And A Preliminary Study Of The Mutagenic Potential Of Metallic Compounds written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Mutagenesis categories.
We have defined a set of stringent conditions required to quantify specific gene mutation in a mammalian cell system, CHO/HGPRT. Greater than 98% of the 6-thioguanine (TG)-resistant variants were shown to be deficient in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The sensitive and quantitative nature of this assay was utilized to study the structure-activity (mutagenicity) relationship of various classes of chemicals. Mutagenicity as determined in the CHO/HGPRT assay, appears to correlate well (76/83 (92%)) with the reported animal carcinogenicity of 108 chemicals studied. The system also appears to be suitable for studying the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of metallic compounds. We found that cis-dichlorodiammine Pt(II) (cis-Pt(NH/sub 3/)/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/) (cis-DDP), one of the widely used inorganic antitumor agents, is cytotoxic and mutagenic. Mutagenicity of cis-DDP correlates with its binding to DNA. However, trans-DDP, (Pt(NH/sub 3/)/sub 4/)Cl/sub 2/, and K/sub 2/(PtCl/sub 4/) exhibit greatly reduced biological activities. Among 14 other metals studied, we found that carcinogenic metallic compounds, such as MnCl/sub 2/, NiCl/sub 2/, and BeSO/sub 4/ are mutagenic, while non-carcinogenic compounds such as MgCl/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/SeO/sub 3/ are not. Determination of metal mutagenicity is apparently complicated by the ionic composition of the medium. This may account in part for varying results in studies of the mutagenicity of other metallic compounds. Further refinement of the assay conditions, especially with respect to the ionic environment necessary for quantifying mutagenesis of each metallic agent, is in progress.
Mutagenesis In Sub Mammalian Systems
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Author : G.E. Paget
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Mutagenesis In Sub Mammalian Systems written by G.E. Paget and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Topics in Toxicology Toxicology is a science that stands at the intersection of several interests and disciplines. These intersecting forces are by no means all scientific since some are legal and some are commercial. All have valid things to say about the conduct and interpretation of toxicity experiments. The practising toxicologist must bear all these sometimes conflicting forces in mind as he carries out his duties. This is especially true, of course, of the toxicologist in industry. Toxicology is also a field in which contract research particularly flourishes and a number of major contract research companies have established over the years a reputation for contributing usefully to the practice of this skill. These contract research organisations are particu larly favoured to develop an appreciation of the problems of the industrial toxicologist, since it is very common for such a company to service the toxicological needs of companies in several sectors of industry producing new chemical compounds, and the contract research company, therefore, is aware of a wider diversity of problems than probably affects a single toxicologist in one industry.
Quantitative Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis And A Preliminary Study Of The Mutagenic Potential Of Metallic Compounds
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Author : Abraham W. Hsie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Quantitative Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis And A Preliminary Study Of The Mutagenic Potential Of Metallic Compounds written by Abraham W. Hsie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Mutagenesis categories.
We have defined a set of stringent conditions required to quantify specific gene mutation in a mammalian cell system, CHO/HGPRT. Greater than 98% of the 6-thioguanine (TG)-resistant variants were shown to be deficient in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The sensitive and quantitative nature of this assay was utilized to study the structure-activity (mutagenicity) relationship of various classes of chemicals. Mutagenicity as determined in the CHO/HGPRT assay, appears to correlate well (76/83 (92%)) with the reported animal carcinogenicity of 108 chemicals studied. The system also appears to be suitable for studying the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of metallic compounds. We found that cis-dichlorodiammine Pt(II) (cis-Pt(NH/sub 3/)/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/) (cis-DDP), one of the widely used inorganic antitumor agents, is cytotoxic and mutagenic. Mutagenicity of cis-DDP correlates with its binding to DNA. However, trans-DDP, (Pt(NH/sub 3/)/sub 4/)Cl/sub 2/, and K/sub 2/(PtCl/sub 4/) exhibit greatly reduced biological activities. Among 14 other metals studied, we found that carcinogenic metallic compounds, such as MnCl/sub 2/, NiCl/sub 2/, and BeSO/sub 4/ are mutagenic, while non-carcinogenic compounds such as MgCl/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/SeO/sub 3/ are not. Determination of metal mutagenicity is apparently complicated by the ionic composition of the medium. This may account in part for varying results in studies of the mutagenicity of other metallic compounds. Further refinement of the assay conditions, especially with respect to the ionic environment necessary for quantifying mutagenesis of each metallic agent, is in progress.
Biology Of Mammalian Germ Cell Mutagenesis
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Author : James W. Allen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Biology Of Mammalian Germ Cell Mutagenesis written by James W. Allen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Chromosome Aberrations categories.
Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis The Maturation Of Test Systems Volume 2
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Author : AW HSIE (Ed)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis The Maturation Of Test Systems Volume 2 written by AW HSIE (Ed) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.
Control Of Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis And Differentiation By Chemicals Which Initiate Or Promote Tumor Formation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Control Of Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis And Differentiation By Chemicals Which Initiate Or Promote Tumor Formation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
A cell-mediated mutagenesis assay was developed to predict the potential carcinogenic hazard of some environmental chemicals. In this assay, Chinese hamster V79 cells, which are susceptible to mutagenesis, are co-cultivated with cells capable of metabolizing chemical carcinogens. Use of this assay made it possible to demonstrate a relationship between the degree of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of a series of polycyclic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines and to study the organ specificity exhibited by some chemical carcinogens. However, most short-term in vitro assays are designed to detect mutagenic activity and therefore do not detect tumor promoting agents which are devoid of this activity. By analyzing various markers of terminal differentiation in cultured human melanoma and myeloid leukemia cells, we have established a relationship between the activity of a series of tumor promoting phorbol diesters in the mouse skin and their ability to induce terminal differentiation. We suggest that measuring alterations in the differentiation characteristics of some cultured cells may represent an approach by which environmental tumor promoting agents can be studied and detected.
Single Cell Mutation Monitoring Systems
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Author : Aftab A. Ansari
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Single Cell Mutation Monitoring Systems written by Aftab A. Ansari and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
There is general agreement that increased environmental pollution poses a potential health hazard to humans and that effective control of such genetic injury requires monitoring the exposed individuals for genetic damage and identifying chemicals that may cause mutation or cancer. Tests available for identifying mutagens or carcinogens range from relatively simple, rapid assays in prokaryotes and test systems utilizing mammalian cells in tissue culture to highly elaborate tests in intact animals. No single test can provide data for an unequivocal assessment of the mutagenicity of a given chemical and the risk it might pose to human health. A tier approach, therefore, was suggested for mutagenicity testing in which the suspected agents would be initially evaluated with simple, inexpensive tests that would give qualitative results. Chemicals found to be positive in the first-tier testing would then be evaluated with more complex tests, including those based on mammalian cells in culture. Testing in the final tier requires whole-animal studies, and is expensive and time-consum ing, and even the results from these studies need to be extrapolated for human risk assessment. The mutation systems based on whole animals require scoring large num bers of animals, and therefore are not practical for the routine testing of muta gens. As an alternative to monitoring the pedigree, cells from exposed individ uals may be considered for screening for point mutations through the use of an appropriate marker protein.
Estimates Of Cellular Mutagenesis From Cosmic Rays
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Author : Francis A. Cucinotta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Estimates Of Cellular Mutagenesis From Cosmic Rays written by Francis A. Cucinotta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Cells categories.
Abstract: A parametric track structure model is used to estimate the cross section as a function of particle velocity and charge for mutations at the HGPRT locus in human fibroblast cell cultures. Experiments that report the fraction of mutations per surviving cell for human lung and skin fibroblast cells indicate small differences in the mutation cross section for these two cell lines when differences in inactivation rates between these cell lines are considered. Using models of cosmic ray transport, the mutation rate at the HGPRT locus is estimated for cell cultures in space flight and rates of about 2 to 10 X 10-6 per year are found for typical spacecraft shielding. A discussion of how model assumptions may alter the predictions is also presented.